• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.660-661
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• 2015

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a nascent technology in Korea, and currently lacks formal guidelines to assist Architectural and Engineering (AE) firms in estimating BIM service fees, while also allowing government agencies to allocate budgets for the rendered BIM services. This research provides a method to estimate costs for BIM services based on the cost-plus pricing framework. The approach requires a generalized estimate of the man hour per floor area data to calculate the direct labor costs. Man-hour data were collected from forty five projects that have implemented BIM. Interpolation of the man-hours was performed to develop a general reference table for 'Type 2' (i.e., public schools and office buildings, etc.) projects. By providing an objective approach for estimating the costs of BIM services, it allows clients and AE firms to agree upon a fair cost for BIM related services, and thus expedite its adoption in Korea.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1052-1064
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• 2016

For effective management and processing for civil affairs, online public services are in operation in every administrative organizations. However, due to the lack of links in each government departmental business processes on e-Government system, the satisfaction of the civil petitioners has not improved. In this paper, we propose an improved business process for the implementation of one-stop integrated civil affairs and suggestions services on e-Government system to reduce the time and cost for processing civil affairs and to improve the efficiency of the public services by cutting down the cost and time. This paper also suggests the ways to improve the quality of public service through redesigning civil affairs processing in the light of integrated system for the civil affairs and its suggestion.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2005

Recently, the corrosion of reinforced concrete structures has received great attention related with the deterioration of sea-side structures, such as new airport, bridges, and nuclear power plants. In this regards, many studies have been done on the chloride attack in concrete structures. The purpose of the present study is to explore the influences of chloride attack parameters to service life of reinforced concrete structures and to propose the rational program for the guarantee of service life. for this purpose, several codes for durability design have been examined and the diffusion analysis based on Fick's second law has been performed with various parameter value. The present study indicates that durability design code of Japan Society of Civil Engineers is more rational than other codes but the application of durability design code of JSCE to domestic durability design needs more studies to the various parameter values related with chloride penetration.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.511-524
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• 2011

Although concrete is believed to be a durable material, concrete structures have been degraded by severe environmental conditions such as the effects of chloride and chemical, abrasion, and other deterioration processes. Therefore, durability evaluation has been required to ensure the long term serviceability of structures located in chloride exposed environments. Recently, probability-based durability analysis and design have proven to be reliable for the service-life predictions of concrete structures. This approach has been successfully applied to durability estimation and design of concrete structures. However, currently it is difficult to find an appropriate method engineers can use to solve these probability-based diffusion problems. In this paper, computer software has been developed to facilitate probability-based durability analysis and design. This software predict the chloride diffusion using the Monte Carlo simulation method based on Fick's second law, and provides durability analysis and design solutions. A graphic user interface (GUI) is adapted for intuitive and easy use. The developed software is very useful not only for prediction of the service life but for the durability design of the concrete structures exposed to chloride environments.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

A reliable and accurate method has been developed to predict the flexural deformation response of structural concrete members subject to service load. The method that has been developed relates the extent of concrete cracking, measured as a function of the magnitude of applied moment in a member, to the reduction in the effective moment of inertia of cracked reinforced concrete members under service load conditions. The ratio of the area of the moment diagram where the moment exceeds the cracking moment, to the total area of the moment diagram for any loading, provides the basis for the calculation of the effective moment of inertia. This ratio also represents mathematically a probability of crack occurrence. Verification of this method for the determination of the effective moment of inertia has been achieved from an experimental test program, and has included beam tests with different loading configurations, and shear wall tests subjected to a range of vertical and lateral load levels. Further verification of this method has been made with reference to the experimental investigation of other recently published work.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-51
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• 2016

Tension-stiffening is the contribution of concrete between the cracks to carry tensile stresses after cracking in Reinforced Concrete (RC) members. In this paper, a tension-stiffening model has been proposed for computationally efficient nonlinear analysis of RC flexural members subjected to service load. The proposed model has been embedded in a typical cracked span length beam element. The element is visualized to consist of at the most five zones (cracked or uncracked). Closed form expressions for flexibility and stiffness coefficients and end displacements have been obtained for the cracked span length beam element. Further, for use in everyday design, a hybrid analytical-numerical procedure has been developed for nonlinear analysis of RC flexural members using the proposed tension-stiffening model. The procedure yields deflections as well as redistributed bending moments. The proposed model (and developed procedure) has been validated by the comparison with experimental results reported elsewhere and also by comparison with the Finite Element Method (FEM) results. The procedure would lead to drastic reduction in computational time in case of large RC structures.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2008

특정직 공무원은 별도의 인사법규를 근거로 일반직과 다른 개별 인사행정을 시행하고 있다. 조직과 임무가 특수한 만큼 일반직에 대한 인사행정을 적용하는 것은 여러 면에서 문제점이 야기될 수 있다. 경찰공무원 역시 특정직으로 타 공직과는 상이한 형태의 인사행정을 시행하고 있다. 그런데 이러한 개별적 인사행정은 많은 장점을 가질 수 있으나 그에 못지않은 단점도 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 타 공직과 상이하게 운영되고 있는 경찰 근무성적평정 제도의 바람직한 운영을 도모하기 위해 평정결과에 대한 검증절차의 도입을 제안하였다. 다만, 제도시행 초기에는 검증대상을 최종 평정권자로 한정하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2017

External pre-stressing is often used in strengthening or retrofitting of steel-concrete composite beams. In this way, a proper numerical model should be able to trace the completely nonlinear response of these structures at service and ultimate loads. A three dimensional finite element model based on shell elements for representing the concrete slab and the steel beam are used in this work. Partial interaction at the slab-beam interface can be taken into account by using special beam-column elements as shear connectors. External pre-stressed tendons are modeled by using one-dimensional catenary elements. Contact elements are included in the analysis to represent the slipping at the tendon-deviator locations. Validation of the numerical model is established by simulating seven pre-stressed steel-concrete composite beams with experimental results. The model predictions agree well with the experimental results in terms of collapse loads, path failures and cracking lengths at negative moment regions due to service loads. Finally, the accuracy of some simplified formulas found in the specialized literature to predict cracking lengths at interior supports at service loading and for the evaluation of ultimate bending moments is also examined in this work.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.458-458
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• 2022

It is essential to reduce global carbon emissions, mainly from energy use. The water supply and distribution sector is a vital part of human society and is one of the primary energy consumers. The procurement and distribution of water require electricity to operate the pump to deliver water to users with sufficient pressure. As the water users are spatially distributed over a wide area, the energy required to deliver water to each user differs depending on the corresponding supplying element (reservoir, tank, pipe, pump, and valve). This difference in energy required for each user also comes with a difference in pressure availability which affects the level of service for individual users and the whole network. Typically, there is a disproportion where users close to the source experience excessively high pressure with low energy consumption. In contrast, remote users need more energy to get the minimum pressure. This study proposes the Energy Return Index (ERI) to quantify the pressure return from particular energy consumption to supply water to each node. The disproportionality can be quantified and identified in the network using the proposed ERI. The index can be applied to optimize the network elements such as pump operation and tank location/size to reach a balanced energy consumption with the appropriate level of service.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

경찰공무원은 공직의 체계상 특정직으로 분류된다. 대부분의 특정직은 별도의 인사법규에 근거하여 개별적 인사행정이 이루어지고 있다. 조직과 임무가 특수한 만큼 일반직에 대한 인사행정을 적용햐는데 한계가 있기 때문이다. 경찰 근무성적평정도 이러한 논리로 타 공직과는 상이한 형태로 실시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경찰 근무성적평정 제도의 보다 바람직한 운영을 도모하기 위해서 평정결과에 대한 검증절차를 도입할 것을 제안하였다. 다만, 제도시행 초기에는 검증대상을 최종 평정권자의 결과만으로 한정하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.