• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2017

PURPOSES : With the increasing number of older drivers in an aging society, there is a growing need for research and planning on traffic safety for the older drivers using an improved road geometry design. This study also proposed a modified urban road interchange design, which aims to keep the older drivers away from accident-prone and high-traffic areas of the city. METHODS : In this study, we examined accident data records of older drivers to identify accident-prone zones and intersections; we studied the road geometry at these zones and analyzed if it was an underlying cause for higher number of accidents. Based on the research and subsequent analysis, we suggested plans for improvement of road geometry design at these intersections. RESULTS :By studying historic data and analyzing factors that affect the likelihood of accidents of vehicles driven by older drivers and after studying suitable traffic accident prediction models, we identified the major variables that need to be modified at accident-prone intersections, such as the width of a left turn lane at an intersection and the radius of the right turn lane at a street corner. The results have a significance probability of less than 0.001 and a 95% confidence level. To improve safety at the identified intersection, this study suggests the installation of a left-turn-lane-shaped Positive Offset and a right-turn-lane-shaped Slip Lane concept and an adjustment of intervals between intersections.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.545-555
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze land use plans of 61 residential complexes and identify the factors that caused the variation of urban parks and green space ratio depending on the land ownership processing method. The ratio of urban parks and green space of expropriation districts was higher than that of replotting districts. Within the same city and country as well as other regions, the parks and green space ratio of land expropriation districts increased higher than 7% compared to that of replotting districts. The variation of urban parks and green space ratio was mainly related to the ratio of road. Small housing complexes such as detached house and quasi-residential sites resulted to expand space for road construction, thus, the areas of urban parks or green space came to reduce. The average urban parks and green space ratio in the urban development by the expropriation method and replotting method are 24.5% and 16.8% respectively. In order to prevent the reduction of urban parks and green space ratio according to the preference of detached house sites or quasi-residential sites in development zones, it is necessary to make systematic adjustment such as adjusting the urban parks and green space ratio securing standard.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study aims to examine the differences between the existing traffic demand forecasting method and the traffic demand forecasting method considering future regional development plans and new road construction and expansion plans using a four-step traffic demand forecast for a more objective and sophisticated national highway maintenance. This study ultimately aims to present future pavement deterioration and budget forecasting planning based on the examination. METHODS : This study used the latest data offered by the Korea Transport Data Base (KTDB) as the basic data for demand forecast. The analysis scope was set using the Daejeon Metropolitan City's O/D and network data. This study used a traffic demand program called TransCad, and performed a traffic assignment by vehicle type through the application of a user equilibrium-based multi-class assignment technique. This study forecasted future traffic demand by verifying whether or not a realistic traffic pattern was expressed similarly by undertaking a calibration process. This study performed a life cycle cost analysis based on traffic using the forecasted future demand or existing past pattern, or by assuming the constant traffic demand. The maintenance criteria were decided according to equivalent single axle loads (ESAL). The maintenance period in the concerned section was calculated in this study. This study also computed the maintenance costs using a construction method by applying the maintenance criteria considering the ESAL. The road user costs were calculated by using the user cost calculation logic applied to the Korean Pavement Management System, which is the existing study outcome. RESULTS : This study ascertained that the increase and decrease of traffic occurred in the concerned section according to the future development plans. Furthermore, there were differences from demand forecasting that did not consider the development plans. Realistic and accurate demand forecasting supported an optimized decision making that efficiently assigns maintenance costs, and can be used as very important basic information for maintenance decision making. CONCLUSIONS : Therefore, decision making for a more efficient and sophisticated road management than the method assuming future traffic can be expected to be the same as the existing pattern or steady traffic demand. The reflection of a reliable forecasting of the future traffic demand to life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) can be a very vital factor because many studies are generally performed without considering the future traffic demand or with an analysis through setting a scenario upon LCCA within a pavement management system.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

In this thesis, the traffic signal system is generally applied to the intersection of urban side streets, where blind spots and cramped areas are high risk of accidents, contributing to the prevention of accidents and smooth traffic communication. Therefore, the purpose of the system is to prevent accidents and facilitate traffic communication by providing a light traffic signal at street intersections in busy cities. Also, this study is a universal application of traffic angle to vehicles without the need for a separate terminal installation, and the provision of traffic signals in cities In addition, it is thought that the narrow loss of life on the road can serve as a catalyst to help optimize its function as a signal system that can minimize damage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.247-255
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• 2013

In this study, the colors and characteristics of Gwangbok-ro of Busan were analyzed in the standpoint of local images based on the examination of the facade designs of stores along the road of Gwangbok-ro, Busan a main street with massive population flow. To that end, the facades of stores, correlation with the city, color and locality were examined, and after the status of facade designs in Gwangbok-ro were identified through case survey by it, color images were analyzed. For color analysis, Munsell color system was used as basic tool. As a result of examining the colors in Gwangbok-ro area, the following status could be analyzed on 3 attributes of hue, brightness and chroma: First, analysis results of hue indicated that dominant color that covers 70% or more of the area represented mid brightness and low chroma in GY(36.1%) series, subsidiary color which covers 25% or more of the area mid brightness and low chroma in YR(26.5%) series, and accent color that covers less than 5% of the area high brightness and low chroma of GY(40%) series. Second, in brightness analysis, dominant color mostly represented mid brightness, subsidiary color mid brightness and accent color high brightness respectively. In particular accent color showed more intensive crowding phenomenon in high brightness. Third, as for chroma, dominant color, subsidiary color and accent color all are gathered in low chroma, however in small number of accent colors, peculiar high chroma appeared notable. In conclusion, the colors of Gwangbok-ro area analyzed based on the facade design of the stores along the road in this study were superficial colors that reflect the life of people in the area, artificial colors by improvement of the local environment. This study is meaningful in that the image of Gwangbok-ro was found through building colors in one part of the city Busan. It is judged that the study results would become useful as reference document in planning out environment colors later on.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

Background: The emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the city of Busan is divided into the precautionary actions zone (PAZ) and the urgent protective action planning zone; which have a 5-km radius and a 20-km to 21-km radius from the nuclear power plant site, respectively. In this study, we assumed that a severe accident occurred at Shin-Kori nuclear unit 3 and evaluated the dispersion speed of radiological material at each distance at various wind speeds, and estimated the effective dose equivalent and the evacuation time of PAZ residents with the goal of supporting off-site emergency action planning for the nuclear site. Materials and Methods: The total effective dose equivalent, which shows the effect of released radioactive materials on the residents, was evaluated using the RASCAL 4.2 program. In addition, a survey of 1,036 residents was performed using a standardized questionnaire, and the resident evacuation time according to road and distance was analyzed using the VISSIM 6.0 program. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained using the VISSIM and RASCAL programs, it would take approximately 80 to 252.2 minutes for permanent residents to move out of the PAZ boundary, 40 to 197.2 minutes for students, 60 to 232.2 minutes for the infirm, such as elderly people and those in a nursing home or hospital, and 30 to 182.2 minutes for those temporarily within the area. Consequently, in the event of any delay in the evacuation, it is estimated that the residents would be exposed to up to $10mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of radiation at the Exclusion Area Boundaries (EAB) boundary and $4-6mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at the PAZ boundary. Conclusion: It was shown that the evacuation time for the residents is adequate in light of the time lapse from the initial moment of a severe accident to the radiation release. However, in order to minimize the evacuation time, it is necessary to maintain a system of close collaboration to avoid traffic congestion and spontaneous evacuation attempts.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Purpose: Temperature in urban areas increase much more than suburban areas and it is called urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. There are several solutions to control UHI phenomenon such as green roof system, water space construction, and cool roof system. However, application of green roof system and cool roof system to some of the buildings which compose the city has a critical limit. Therefore, in order to diminish the temperature rising and UHI phenomenon due to climate change of the city, it needs to approach from the viewpoint of site or city, rather than the viewpoint of individual buildings. This study is aims at analyzing UHI phenomenon by characteristics of surface materials and suggesting the solutions to reduce UHI phenomenon by types of complex. Method: Literature reviews were conducted to analyze the cause, mitigating plan, and recent trends of UHI phenomenon. For the simulation analysis, the type of complex was classified 3 representative complex. Based on measured reflectivity, simulation about UHI phenomenon was conducted by setting 4 strategies; albedo of roof, road pavement, green roof system, and vegetating around buildings. Result: As the results of simulating the UHI reduction factor by types of complex, it showed that the effect of temperature reduction on the building roof layer is more effective than adjusting the reflectivity of buildings such as green roof system, planting near the buildings in both the detached house complex, apartment complex, and commercial complex.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

Recently smart City has become a world-widely hot issue. Many cities have been trying to be smarter in solving urban problems. Different Countries and cities have adopted their own approaches. Accordingly, the concept of smart city is defined in diverse ways. This research emphasizes value creation of smart cities. For that purpose, thoughtful sensitivity, accuracy, and speed are critical components in planning smart cities. Among these, thoughtful sensitivity is the most important. Based on these components, policy should be conceived to develop road maps to replicate successful cases to other cities and regions for long-term innovation of regions. Such experiences will be a firm basis for competitiveness and prosperity of our cities.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.96-111
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• 2016

Effort to reduce energy consumptions or CO2 emissions is global trend. To follow this trend, spatial studies related to characteristics affecting energy consumptions or CO2 emissions have been conducted, but only with the focus on spatial dependence, not on spatial heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to investigate spatial heterogeneity patterns of CO2 emission based on socio-economic factors, land-use characteristics and traffic infrastructure of Seoul city. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis was performed with 423 administrative district data in Seoul. The results suggest that population and employment densities, road density and railway length in most districts are found to have positive impact on the CO2 emissions. Residential and green area densities also have the highest positive impact on CO2 emissions in most districts of Gangnam-gu. The resulting model can be used to identify the spatial patterns of CO2 emissions at district level in Seoul. Eventually it can contribute to local energy policy and planning of metropolitan area.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2010

This design study was conducted to plan and propose the bus-station as the public design for Cheongju City. The study was provided other purposes which designed its function as plant container and revealed the brand identity of Cheongju City, Jikji. At planning stage, design plant container with motif from top roof of the Early Printing Museum of Cheongju. And planed it located on the top of facility. The facilities, with design factors that increase satisfaction, were planed through the analysis of user behavior. The narrow frame and transparent wall were intended to establish clear sight for its users or pedestrians on road. In order to harmonize with urban surroundings, decreased the fanciness of designed figure and used achromatic color as lead main color.