• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND: Recently, the need for a method to cultivate 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin has been increasing. However, there is limited information available as this is a new Satsuma mandarin cultivar, which was bred by the RDA in 2004. Many farmers who cultivate this cultivar follow the cultivation method similar to that used for 'Miyagawa' Satsuma mandarin, and suffer low production of optimum-sized fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to find out the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit for the stable production of high quality 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits in a non-heated plastic film house. Seven-year-old 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin trees were used in the study. Before the treatment, the leaf-to-fruit ratio ranged from 5.7 to 17.9. The treatments included 10, 20, 30, and 40 leaves per fruit. The fruits were removed if over fruiting was observed at day 60 after full bloom. We investigated the fruit size and quality on the day of harvest. Flowering and fruiting patterns in each treatment were recorded for the following year. In the experiments, the flower-to-leaf ratio was 1.12 to 1.74. As the leaf-to-fruit ratio decreased, the fruit size and weight also decreased. Contrarily, the higher the ratio of leaf-to-fruit, the higher fruit size and weight were. It was noted that the ratio of 20:1 was ideal to produce the M grade optimum-sized Satsuma mandarin fruits on the day of harvest. However, higher ratio might result in fruits weighting above 100 g. There was no difference among the treatments in terms of fruit quality, such as total soluble solid contents, titratable acid, and color. In the subsequent years, flowering and fruiting in the treatments were lowered when the leaf number per fruit was 10, but they were improved when the leaf number per fruit was above 20. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit was found to be 20:1 for flowering and fruiting of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin. It is important that optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit is set as a standard to produce good grade and quality of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 제주도 자생 감귤 17종에 대하여 탈색소효과(depigment effect)를 연구하였다. B16 멜라닌 생성세포(B16 melanoma cell)를 이용하여 tyrosinase 및 멜라닌 생성억제 효과를 연구한 결과 대조군 대비하여 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 3종의 미성숙 온주밀감(immature Citrus unshue), 팔삭(Citrus hassaku), 진지향(Citrus sinensis ${\times}$ reticulata)을 도출하였다. 또한, 이와 같이 도출된 감귤 추출물을 이용하여 멜라닌 세포 생성(melanogenesis)에 영향을 미치는 tyrosinase, DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP-2)와 DHICA oxidase (TRP-1) 단백질 발현을 실험한 결과 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 단백질 발현이 감소함을 나타내었다. 특히 이들 중 미성숙 온주밀감은 tyrosinase와 TRP-1 단백질 발현에서 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과로써 미성숙 온주밀감은 모든 실험에서 우수한 효과를 나타내어 UV에 의해서 야기되는 피부 색소 침착을 방지할 수 있는 물질로서 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.355-360
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 감귤 4품종의 항산화효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 감귤 4품종은 '한라봉', '천혜향', '청견', '진지향'이다. 실험에 사용된 감귤은 과피, 양낭막, 과육 3 부분으로 분리시켰으며, 메탄올을 사용하여 추출한 후 감압 농축시켰다. 감귤 과피의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 23.497~42.341 mg/g, 양낭막에서 13.285~21.872 mg/g 그리고 과육에서 6.333~11.627 mg/g을 나타냈다. 이 중에서 과피와 양낭막 에서는 진지향이 가장 높았고, 과육에서는 천혜향이 가장 높은 총 폴리페놀 함량을 보여주었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과 과피와 과육에서 진지향이 가장 높았고, 과육에서는 천혜향이 가장 높았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정에 있어서도 역사 과피와 과육에서는 진지향이 가장 높았고, 과육에서는 천혜향이 가장 높았다. 환원력에 있어서 는 청견이 과피에서 가장 높았고, 양낭막에서는 진지향 그 리고 과육에서는 천혜향이 가장 높았다. 실험 결과, 폴리페놀 함량과 라디칼 소거능 그리고 환원력 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 감귤 4 품종(한라봉, 천혜향, 청견, 진지향)이 분명히 항산화력을 가지고 있으며, 부위 중 과피가 가장 높은 항산화력을 가지고 있음 을 보여주었다. 덧붙여 실험에 측정된 품종 중 진지향이 대체로 가장 높은 항산화력을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.273-276
• /
• 2001

서로 다른 온도($3^{\circ}C와\;25^{\circ}C$)에서 저장한 감귤류에서의 과피 두께와 품질변화간의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. $3^{\circ}C보다\;25^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 감귤의 중량손실은 컸으나 당도(%Brix)는 저장온도에 상관없이 일정하게 증가함을 보였다. 픽셀로 표현되어지는 과육의 두께도 높은 저장온도에서 급격하게 변화됨을 보였다. 위와 같은 성분들은 시간에 따른 0차 반응속도로 분석한 결과 각 온도에서의 반응상수들이 구하여졌다. 과육의 두께를 회기선형모델에 적용한 결과, 저장기간을 예측할 수 있었고 그때의 중량감소나 당도변호가 과육 두께의 함수로 표현되어질 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1996

Physicochemical properties and the conditions of cold storage of kiyomi clangor(Citrus unshiu x sinensis) produced in Cheju were investigated. Firmness, edible part ratio, soluble solids, and acid content were decreased gradually with incurasing fruit size. Carbohydrates in juice were consisted of 65.12% sucrose, 19.65% fructose, and 15.23% glucose The main organic acrid In juice was 57.4% of citric acid, and others were lactic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid, respectively. Weight loss were occured very. slowly to about 6% till late of May, but decayed fruits were occurred very slowly to about 6% till late of May, but decayed fruits were arisen to about 8% at 3$^{\circ}C$, and about 13% at 5$^{\circ}C$ of storage temperature. The changes of peel moisture content, soluble solids, total sugar, vitaamin C, and density of fruits were slightly occured during cold storage. Cold storage at 3$^{\circ}C$ and 87% relative humidity kept freshness of citrus fruits for a long-term without damage of cold injury.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.268-279
• /
• 2021

Citrus scab, caused by the fungal pathogen Elsinoë fawcettii, is one of the most important fungal diseases affecting Citrus spp. Citrus scab affects young tissues, including the leaves, twigs, and fruits, and produces severe fruit blemishes that reduce the market value of fresh fruits. To study the molecular responses of satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu) to E. fawcettii, plant hormone-related gene expression was analyzed in response to host-compatible (SM16-1) and host-incompatible (DAR70024) isolates. In the early phase of infection by E. fawcettii, jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related gene expression was induced in response to infection with the compatible isolate. However, as symptoms advanced during the late phase of the infection, the jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related gene expression was downregulated. The gene expression patterns were compared between compatible and incompatible interactions. As scabs were accompanied by altered tissue growth surrounding the infection site, we conducted gibberellic acid- and abscisic acid-related gene expression analysis and assessed the content of these acids during scab symptom development. Our results showed that gibberellic and abscisic acid-related gene expression and hormonal changes were reduced and induced in response to the infection, respectively. Accordingly, we propose that jasmonic and salicylic acids play a role in the early response to citrus scab, whereas gibberellic and abscisic acids participate in symptom development.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.719-726
• /
• 2007

The results of adding citrus to Jeungpyun in order to diversify the kinds of Jeungpyun available as well as enhance the usage of citrus fruits, were assessed in this study. During fermentation pH was reduced carbon dioxide development was lowest in the citron product and then the tangerine, cumquat and control Jeungpyun, respectively. Volume and specific volume of Jeungpyun were highest id the cumquat Jeungpyun. For all the citrus additions, except for the cumquat there were no significant differences when compared to the control. The tangerine product showed the highest redness and yellowness among the types of citrus, fellowed by cumquat, citron, and lemon. In the textural property tests, hardness was highest in the lemon Jeungpyun. Then, less hardness occurred in the order of citron, control, tangerine and the cumquat Jeungpyun was the softest. In the sensory evaluation, preferred color was in the order of tangerine, cumquat citron, and lemon Jeungpyun. Ultimately, the tangerine Jeungpyun had the best color. In the taste test, preferred taste was in the order of cumquat, citron, tangerine, and lemon Jeungpyun, all resulting in better taste than the pure Jeungpyun. The softness of the Jeungpyun was good in the order of cumquat, tangerine, control, citron, and lemon Jeungpyun. Thus, the cumquat Jeungpyun was softest, while lemon Jeungpyun was hardest. Finally, overall acceptance was good in the order of cumquat, tangerine, citron, control, and lemon Jeungpyun.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 1983

The thermal Conductivities along the position of spherical shaped fruits, such as, apple, mandarine orange. citrus hagyul were predicted by the analysis of the cooling curves obtained by the hydrocooling procedure using ice water. The thermal conductivity was independent of temperature. The thermal conductivities along the position of the fruits were nearly constant, but their small deviations were inherited by the improper spherical shape and the heterogenous structural composition of the fruits. The thermal conductivities of apple, mandarine orange, and citrus hagyul were found to be 0.353, 0.430, and $0.397\;Kcal/mh^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 1976

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.441-449
• /
• 2017

Citrus canker is an important bacterial disease of citrus in several regions of the world. Strains of Xanthomonas citri type-A (Xc-A) group are the primary pathogen where citrus canker occurs. After Xc-A entered the Northeast of Argentina in 1974, the disease spread rapidly from 1977 to 1980 and then slowed down and remained moving at slow pace until 1990 when it became endemic. Citrus canker was detected in Northwest Argentina in 2002. This paper presents the main steps in the fight of the disease and the management strategies that have been used to control citrus canker at this time. We think the process might be usefull to other countries with the same situation. Results from more than 40 years of research in Northeast (NE) Argentina indicate that we are at the limit of favorable environment for the disease. The severity of citrus canker is greatly affected by the environment and El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon which causes cyclic fluctuations on the disease intensity in the NE region. Weather-based logistic regression models adjusted to quantify disease levels in field conditions showed that the environmental effect was strongly modulated by the distance from a windbreak. Production of healthy fruits in citrus canker endemic areas is possible knowing the dynamics of the disease. A voluntary Integrated Plan to Reduce the Risk of Canker has been in place since 1994 and it allows growers to export unsymptomatic, uninfested fresh fruit to countries which are free of the disease and require healthy, pathogen free fruits. The experience from Argentina can be replicated in other countries after appropriate trials.