• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 1996

The conditions of cold stroage of Citrus unshiu Marc. var. okitsu produced in Cheju were investigated. The changes of peel moisture contents soluble solids, total sugar, vitamin C and density were slightly occured, and decay ratio was below 20% on keeping freshness relatively till late of March during cold storage. After thats decayed citrus fruits were increased gradually mainly from cold injury with lower temperature and high humidity. The loss of fruit weight, decrease of fruit hardness, and decrease of acid content were occured gradually during cold stroage. Because of the difficulty of long term storage for Citrus unshiu, the conditions and periods of cold storage would be determined after considering the physicochemical properties of fruits every year.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2021

Objective : Citrus unshiu peel (Citri Unshius Pericarpium) has been prescribed to suppress coughing and phlegm in Korean medicine. In this study, the effect of ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu peel (CEE) on apoptosis was investigated using cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treated HepG2 cells. Methods : CEE was prepared by extracting 300 g of Citri Unshius Pericarpium in 3 L of ethanol for 72 h. Apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was monitored using the membrane-permeable fluorescent dye Rh123. The expression level of each protein was monitored by Western blot analysis. Results : CEE protected HepG2 cells from apoptosis as determined by the TUNEL assay. A decrease in MMP was observed in cells exposed to cadmium, indicating that mitochondria are involved in the induction of apoptosis. However, CEE recovered the reduction in MMP caused by cadmium. In addition, decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), procaspase, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by cadmium was increased by CEE. The anti-apoptotic effect of CEE was found to be associated with inhibition of JNK and p38 phosphorylation when examining the expression of phosphorylated MAPK by Western blot. Conclusion : This study showed that CEE exerted anti-apoptotic effects in cadmium-induced HepG2 cells by inhibiting the reduction of MMP and changes in the expression level of apoptotic proteins. These results suggest the potential for CEE to be used for heavy metal-induced liver damage.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 1997

Physicochemical properties affecting on the quality of Citrus unshiu Marc. var miyagawa and C. unshiu Marc. var, okitsu according to cultivation area in Cheju were investigated. Linear correlations (r>0.9) were showed between fruit size and peel thickness. There were much difference between cultivation areas in soluble solids of C. unshiu Marc. var. okitsu. The difference were not so much in soluble solids and acid contents of citrus fruits produced at same area below 65mm of fruit diameter, but the quality of large size fruits were inferior. Brix/Acid ratio could not be index for quality evaluation, because of individual deviation. Soluble solid content of citrus fruits produced in south Cheju was higher than that produced in north Cheju. Acid content and Brix/Acid ratio of citrus fruits produced in south Cheju was lower than that produced in north Cheju. The quality of C. unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa clad not so much difference between cultivation area, but the difference of quality were recognized significantly in C. unshiu Marc. var. okitsu.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 1994

제주지역에서 생산되는 대표적인 품종인 궁천조생과 흥진조생에 대한 품질에 관여하는 물리화학적인 특성을 분석하였고, 과일의 크기, 색깔, 생산지역에 따른 감귤의 맛 등에 대한 관능검사를 실시하였다. 수확적기에 수확한 조생온주의 가용성고형물은 $10.7{\sim}11.0$였으며, 산함량은 1.04%, 비타민 C함량은 $41.19{\sim}44.94\;mg/100\;g$였다. 당은 절반이 자당이었고, 포도당과 과당이 각각 1/4씩 함유하고 있었다. 과일크기에 따라 과중, 껍질두께, 가용성고형물, pH, 산함량, 당산비는 각각 직선적인 상관관계를 가지고 있었으며, 경도와 과육율과는 유의성이 없었다. 관능검사 결과 중간정도 크기의 감귤을 선호하며, 껍질의 색깔은 진한 홍등색일수록 선호하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 같은 품종이라고 할지라도 재배적지에서 생산된 감귤일수록 선호도가 높아 직선적인 유의성을 보였으며, 과즙의 경우 당산비가 높을수록 선호하여 고품질 감귤생산을 위한 노력이 필요한 것으로 여겨졌다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.351-355
• /
• 2007

감귤 부위별 및 감귤 주스 가공 후 폐기되는 착즙박을 배지로 하여 재배된 간, 표고, 새송이, 산호침, 참부채 및 영지 버섯) 균사체의 GC/MS에 의한 휘발성 물질을 분석하였다. 감귤 분말에서 휘발성 물질은 29종류이었는데, ${\delta}-elemene$, ${\beta}-elemene$, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$, caryophyllene, ${\gamma}-elemene$, germacrene-D 및 ${\delta}-cadinene$은 감귤류의 essential oil 중의 성분들이었으나 8-hydroxy-linalool, ${\beta}-selinene$, tetradecanoic acid 및 pentadecanal은 essential oil 중의 성분들이 변화한 것이었다. 이외에도 tangeretin, nobiletin, 및 stigmasterol이 검출되었다. 버섯 균사체 분말에서 검출된 휘발성 성분들은 18종이었으며, ${\beta}-elemene$, germacrene-D 및 ${\delta}-cadinene$은 버섯이나 균사체에서 보고되지 않은 것으로 보아 균사체 배지로 사용한 착즙박에서 유래한 것으로 생각된다. caryophyllene, hexadecanoic acid, decanoic acid 및 tetradecanoic acid는 기 보고된 버섯이나 균사체의 성분들이었으며, Limonene-1,2-epoxide, ethyllinoleate, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dicyclohexyl ester 및 ($3{\beta}$,24S)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol (${\gamma}-sitosterol$)은 감귤이나 버섯 균사체에서 보고되지 않은 성분들이 검출되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.106-110
• /
• 2020

Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV) is a closely related virus with the Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) along with Navel orange infectious mottling virus (NIMV), Natsudaidai dwarf virus (NDV), and Hyugagatsu virus (HV). The present study found that the typical symptoms of CiMV-infected citrus fruits include the appearance of dark blue speckles or ringspots on fruit rinds and the browning of oil glands in the spots as rind coloring began. As rind coloring progressed, the spots gradually faded, whereas the browning of the oil glands worsened to the point that the tissues surrounding the oil glands became necrotic. In very early satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu 'Miyamoto Wase') and 'Setoka' cultivar (C. hybrid 'Setoka') of late-maturity citrus, the symptomatic fruits were eventually dropped. And in early satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu 'Miyakawa Wase'), the peel hardness of the virus-infected fruit (1,618.3 ± 305.5, g-force) was more than twice as hard as that of the healthy fruit (636.5 ± 39.1, g-force). The ratio of flesh weight to total fruit weight was higher for the healthy fruit (77.3 ± 1.7%) than for the infected fruit (70.7 ± 0.6) and peel puffing was more severe in the infected fruit (2.9 ± 0.4 mm) than in the healthy fruit (0.9 ± 0.2 mm). The soluble solids content in infected citrus fruits was less values than the healthy fruit by 0.5-1.5 °Brix. These findings reveal that CiMV infection on citrus trees reduces the fruit quality of citrus.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.342-348
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 감귤류 중 온주밀감, 레몬, 한라봉의 과피추출물(PE)에 대한 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. 감귤류 세품종 과피추출물(PE)에 대한 murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7세포를 배양하여 세포독성, NO생성량, 세포내 염증관련 단백질 발현 양상을 분석하였다. 그 결과 CUP, CHP, CLP 처리구의 경우 2 mg/mL 이하의 농도에서는 세포생육을 저해하지 않았다. LPS (100 ng/mL)를 처리한 세포의 NO생성량을 LPS를 처리하지 않은 대조구와 비교했을 때 상당량이 증가했음을 알 수 있었고, 추출물을 농도별로 처리했을 때 농도가 증가할수록 NO생성량은 감소하였다. 각 처리구에서 각 1 mg/mL 농도에서는 CUP > CHP > CLP 순으로 NO 저해활성이 강하게 나타났다. Western blot의 결과상으로는 CUP와 CHP의 iNOS 단백질 저해활성이 비슷한 강도로 나타남을 확인하였다. COX-2 효소의 저해활성은 CUP > CHP > CLP의 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 CUP, CHP, CLP 처리구는 모두 항염증 작용을 가지고 있으며, 또한 CUP 처리구가 세 개의 추출물 중에서 가장 저해활성이 강하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 1999

Physicochemical properties of Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) harvested in middle of November according to production areas of Cheju were investigated. Peel thickness of citrus fruits was ranged from 2.54mm to 3.13mm, and it was lower on fruits harvested in western areas than those of other areas in Cheju. Soluble solids were ranged from 10.1 to 12.0$^{\circ}$Brix, and it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Acid contents of citrus juice were ranged from 1.28% to 1.42%, it was higher on fruits harvested in eastern areas, specific gravity of citrus fruits was ranged between 0.86 and 0.88. Flesh ratio was ranged from 75.1% to 77.6%, it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Soluble solids, acid content and specific gravity harvested in southern areas of below 100m and over 150m sea level altitude were 11.8 and 11.2, 1.43% and 1.40%, 0.87 and 0.9, respectively. Fruits quality harvested in southern areas was better, compared to other harvest areas of Cheju.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.598-604
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 citrus 과피의 천연 갈변저해제로서 사용가능성을 알아보았다. Citrus 중 생과 및 가공에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 오렌지(C. sinensis), 감귤(C. unshiu), 레몬(C. limon), 자몽(C. paradisi)의 과피를 80% 에탄올로 추출 농축하였다. 각 추출물 0.05-5%에 사과 슬라이스를 침지하여 외관 및 색도 변화를 관찰한 후, pH와 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 조사하였으며, DPPH radical 소거 활성과 $Cu^{2+}$ 킬레이트 활성을 측정하였다. 사과 슬라이스 침지의 경우 다양한 농도의 추출물 중 대체로 0.1%에서 우수한 갈변저해효과를 보였으며 4종의 citrus 과피 중 레몬 과피추출물이 가장 우수한 효과를 보였다. pH의 경우 4종의 citrus 과피 추출물 간의 유의적 차이는 없었으며, ascorbic acid에 비해 높은 값을 보였고, 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량의 경우 레몬 과피 추출물이 가장 높게 측정되었다. DPPH radical 소거활성과 $Cu^{2+}$ 킬레이트 활성 모두 레몬 과피 추출물이 가장 우수하였고, 자몽 과피 추출물이 가장 낮은 활성을 보였다. 사과 슬라이스 침지 결과와 radical 소거 및 킬레이트 활성이 페놀 및 플라보노이드와 유사한 경향을 보이고 있어 이 물질들이 항산화 및 갈변저해 효과를 나타낸다고 추정된다. Citrus 과피 추출물의 항산화능은 농도 의존적이었지만 갈변저해효과는 mono 및 diphenol 과 같은 기질로 작용하는 페놀성 물질의 일부와 추출물 자체가 띠는 색으로 인해 0.1-0.5%에서 효과적이었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 citrus 과피 특히, 레몬 과피 추출물의 항산화와 갈변저해효과를 확인하였고, 천연 갈변저해제로서의 사용 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.645-671
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is strongly related with central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), hyperglycemia, and hypertension. This study reviewed the potential of Chenpi in treatment of MetS through amelioration of co-related diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Methods: Six electronic databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), PubMed, and Embase) were used to search for in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research that discusses the potential effects of Chenpi (Citrus unshiu Markovich, Citrus reticulata Blanco) on diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Results: This review suggests the potential of Chenpi as a candidate for the treatment of metabolic syndrome through improvement of co-related diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. However, comparison of the results of each study was limited by a lack of quantification of the experimental materials.