• 생약학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.145-147
• /
• 1978

Whole plant of Cirsium Pendulum $F_{ISCH}$ was extracted with methanol and a flavonoid glycoside was isolated from the methanol extract. The glycoflavonoid was identified as cirsimarin, $4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone-4'-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.1120-1125
• /
• 2012

국내에 자생 중인 큰엉겅퀴(Cirsium pendulum)를 강원도의 홍천, 원주, 평창, 양양 및 경기도 가평과 충청북도의 충주에서 채취하고, 고려엉겅퀴(Cirsium setidens)를 강원도의 태백 및 경상북도의 봉화에서 채취하였다. 채취된 식물들의 genomic DNA를 분리하여서 18S rDNA, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2 및 28S rDNA의 일부를 증폭하고, 그 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 염기서열을 GenBank에 등록하고, 서로 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 큰엉겅퀴는 6개체 모두에서 18S rDNA 및 5.8S rDNA의 염기서열은 서로 완전히 일치하고 있으나, ITS1과 ITS2의 염기서열에서는 약간의 차이를 보였다. 고려엉겅퀴의 경우에는 18S rDNA, ITS1 및 ITS2에서 2개체가 서로 비교적 큰 차이를 보였다. 일본의 홋카이도에서 채취된 큰엉겅퀴와 중국의 안휘성에서 채취된 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum)를 포함하여서 ITS1과 ITS2 염기서열을 비교한 결과, 엉겅퀴, 큰엉겅퀴, 고려엉겅퀴는 확연하게 서로 다른 그룹을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 채취된 큰엉겅퀴 및 고려엉겅퀴들의 silymarin 함량을 분석해 본 결과, 모두에서 그 함량이 2 mg/ml가 넘는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 엉겅퀴뿐만 아니라 큰엉겅퀴나 고려엉겅퀴도 여러 가지 약리작용을 가진 것으로 보고된 silymarin을 상당히 높은 농도로 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.17-40
• /
• 2007

한국산 엉겅퀴속(Cirsium Miller)을 대상으로 주요 식별형질의 변이 양상과 폭에 대한 수리 분류학적 분석을 수행하여 그 분류군의 한계와 분류체계를 확립하고자 하였다. 엉겅퀴속의 주요 식별 형질인 잎의 형태와 크기, 화서, 화관, 총포와 총포편, 수과 등 61개의 외부 형태학적 형질들을 측정하여 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과, 잎에 결각이 있는 개체군들과 결각이없는 개체군들로 구성된 2개 집단으로 구분되었다. 결각이 없는 집단에는 C. lineare, C. vlassovianum, C. setidens 등이 속하였으며 결각이 있는 집단에는 C.pendulum, C. japonicum var. japonicum, C. japonicum var. spinosissimum, C. schantarense, C. nipponicum, C. rhinoceros 등이 속하였다. 결각이 있는 집단에서 C. pendulum은 엽두의 모양, 화서의 형태, 꽃의 수, 아래 화통의 길이, 총포의 색깔 그리고 총포편 끝의 형태 등의 형질에 의해 다른 분류군들과 구분되었다. 또한 군집분석에서도 이를 뒷받침하였으며 Onotrophe, Pseudo-eriolepis, Spanioptilon 등의 3개 절로 나뉘었다. Onotrophe절에는 C. japonicum var. japonicum, C. japonicum var. spinosissimum, C. schantarense, C. rhinoceros, C. nipponicum, Spanioptilon절에는 C. setidens, C. vlassovianum, C. lineare, 그리고 Pseudu-eriolepis절에는 C. pendulum이 포함되었다. 이 연구 결과, 한국산 엉겅퀴속 분류군들은 3절 8종 3변종 5품종으로 정리되었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2015

국내에 자생 중인 도깨비엉겅퀴(Cirsium shantarense), 물엉겅퀴(Cirsium nipponicum), 정영엉겅퀴(Cirsium chanroenicum) 각 1개체 및 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum) 8개체를 전국의 여러 지점에서 채집하였다. 채집된 식물들의 genomic DNA를 분리하여서 18S rDNA, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2 및 28S rDNA의 일부를 증폭하고, 그 염기서열 및 Genbank에 등록되어 있는 다른 Cirsium 속 식물들의 염기서열을 분자유전학적으로 비교하여 유연관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 고려엉겅퀴, 정영엉겅퀴, 물엉겅퀴, 큰엉겅퀴 및 엉겅퀴 종의 식물들은 모두 뚜렷이 독립된 그룹을 형성하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 도깨비엉겅퀴는 비록 두화가 아래를 향하고 있지만 두화가 위를 향하는 엉겅퀴들과 ITS 염기서열은 유사하였다. 또한 정영엉겅퀴와 고려엉겅퀴는 형태학적으로는 구분이 거의 불가능하지만 ITS 염기서열에 기초한 분자유전학적 분석으로는 뚜렷이 다른 그룹임을 확인하였다. 채취된 엉겅퀴 및 도깨비엉겅퀴의 silymarin 생산 여부를 분석해 본 결과, silymarin이 공통적으로 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 silymarin 생합성 능력은 Cirsium 속 식물들에서 공통적인 특징임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.406-414
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the functional composition and antioxidant activity of Cirsium and Carduus genera based on different parts. Leaves of Cirsium setidens Nakai contained 23.66% protein and seeds of Carduus crispus L contained 25.30% lipid. Extraction yields of Cirsium and Carduus genera were higher in leaves than in any other parts of the plants. Total phenolics and total flavonoid content were abundant in extracts of leaves, steam and root of C. japonicum var. ussuriense, and the flower extract of C. setidens Nakai. Silymarin was not found in extracts of Cirsium and Carduus genera. Acacetin was identified in leaf or flower extracts of C. setidens Nakai, or in leaf and steam extracts of C. pendulum Fisch ex DC. Apigenin was identified in the flower extracts of Cirsium and Carduus genera and constituted 7.16 mg/g in C. japonicum var. ussuriense. Cynarin was present at 5.55 mg/g in the seed extract of C. setidens Nakai, and narirutin represented 19.56 mg/g and, 4.18 mg/g of the seed extracts of C. pendulum Fisch ex DC and, Carduus crispus L, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenger activity was higher in flower extracts of C. setidens Nakai than in the other genera. Photochemiluminescence activity was 2.3 nmol in leaves and flower extracts of C. setidens Nakai and flower extract of Carduus crispus L. Flowers and seeds of C. setidens Nakai shoe potential as new functional materials.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.82-86
• /
• 2006

Antioxidant activity of the extract fractions from leaves, stems, roots and flowers of Cirsium pendulum Fisch. was investigated. The results showed the greatest antioxidant activities in leaves by Rancimat, TBA and DPPH methods. Extracts of common thistle plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity, The extract from flowers and its hexane fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that BuOH fraction of the leaves had the highest amount of antioxidant chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids at 5.38 and 9.71 mg $100\;g^{-1}$, respectively. It implies that common thistle plants had potent antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant part and solvent fraction.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.25-25
• /
• 2019

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes in flowering plants have been considered to be prominent features in taxonomic and evolutionary context. Despite the increasing numbers of cytological studies in Asteraceae, karyotype analysis of Cirsium Mill. and Carddus L. in Korean population have not been performed carefully. In this study, the chromosome numbers and karyotype analysis of all eight species of the genus Cirsium Mill. and one species of Carddus L. were analyzed. While the chromosome number in Carduus crispus L. was diploid (2n = 2x = 18 or 18+2Bs) with x = 9 as the base chromosome number, all seven species of Cirsium were diploid with x = 17 except for Cirsium lineare (Thunb.) Sch. Bip. (x = 14). The chromosome number in C. pendulum Fisch. ex DC. presented 2n = 2x = 34 from two populations and C. lineare exhibited 2n = 2x = 28 from one population. Aneuploidy was occasionally found in C. japonicum Fisch. ex DC. var. spinossinum Kitam. (2n = 2x = 34, 35, 36), C. rhinoceros (H. $L{\acute{e}}v.$ & Vaniot) Nakai (2n = 2x = 32, 34), C. setidens (Dunn) Nakai (2n = 2x = 30, 31, 32) and C. vlassovianum Fisch. ex DC. (2n = 2x = 31, 32). While Cirsium japonicum Fisch. ex DC. var. japonicum possessed several B-chromosomes (2n = 2x = 34, 35, 36), polyploidy was only encountered in Cirsium nipponicum (Maxim.) Makino. (2n = 4x = 68) from two populations in Ulleung Island. The present cytological data might be contributed to the taxonomic and evolutionary studies in the genus Cirsium.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2006

Common thistle contains water-soluble substances that are phytotoxic to neighboring plant species. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and flowers of common thistle (Cirsium pendulum Fisch.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings to determine their allelopathy, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts from flowers and leaves, and followed by stems, and roots. The extracts at 40 g dry tissue $L^{-1}(g\;L^{-1})$ applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of test plant by 87%. Methanol extracts at 100 g $L^{-1}$ from leaves inhibited root growth of alfalfa and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) by 89 and 98%, respectively. Hexane and ethylacetate fractions of common thistle reduced alfalfa root growth more than did butanol and water fractions. Incorporation into soil with the leaf residues at $100g\;kg^{-1}$ inhibited shoot fresh weights of barnyardgrass and eclipta (Eclipta prostrate) by 88 and 58%, respectively, showing higher sensitivity in grass species. These results suggest that common thistle plants had allelopathic potential for eco-friendly vegetation management, and that especially their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant part.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2006

The flora of vascular plants around Chunji and Sochunji in Mt. Baekdu was listed 120 taxa; 31 families, 81 genera, 97 species, 1 subspecies, 21 varieties and 1 form. About endangered wild plants, 2 taxa (Paeonia obovata, Rhododendron aureum) are in class II. 12 taxa were listed as rare and endangered plants; Disporum ovale, Lilium davuricum, Saxifraga punctata, Rosa marretii, Cnidium tachiroei, Bupleurum euphorbioides, Halenia corniculata, Gentiana jamesii, Pedicularis verticillata, etc. 10 taxa were listed as Korean endemic plants; Lilium amabile, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Oxytropis anertii for. alba, Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia, Cardamine resedifolia var. morii, Homopteryx nakaiana, Saussurea alpicola, Ligularia jamesii, etc. Specific plants by floral region were total 47 taxa; 3 taxa (Paeonia obovata, Rhododendron aureum, Pedicularis verticillata) in class V, 15 taxa (Lycopodium annotinum, Alnus maximowiczii, Saxifraga punctata, Petasites saxatile, etc.) in class IV, 5 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Sanguisorba hakusanensis, Acer ukurunduense, Campanula glomerata var. dahurica, Cacalia adenostyloides) in class III, 18 taxa (Lycopodium chinense, Disporum ovale, Ceologlossum viride var. bracteatum, Betula ermani, Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, Filipendula multijuga, Geranium eriostemon, Cnidium tachiroei, Ligularia stenocephala, etc.) in class II, 6 taxa (Pinus koraiensis, Cimicifuga simplex, Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. alba, Senecio nemorensis, Cacalia hastata subsp. orientalis, Cirsium pendulum) in class I. Peculiar flora around Chunji is thought to be made by the environmental factors such as wind, temperature and rainfall that influence the plants' growth.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.59-81
• /
• 2011

The flora of the Sinpyeong and Churyeong stream were listed 324 taxa; 87 families, 227 genera, 289 species, 1 subspecies, 31 varieties and 3 forms. The Sinpyeong stream were 249 taxa and Churyeong stream were 221 taxa. Based on the rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum were recorded; Penthorum chinense (Crassulaceae), etc. and endemic plants, 6 taxa; Weigela subsessilis (Caprifoliaceae), Lycoris flavescens (Amarylidaceae), etc. Based on the specific plants by floral region were total 12 taxa (3.7% of all 324 taxa of flora); Monochoria korsakowi (Pontederiaceae), etc. in class III. 10 taxa (Salix glandulosa (Salicaceae), Ulmus parvifolia (Ulmaceae), Impatiens noli-tangere (Balsaminaceae), Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Tiliaceae), Nymphoides peltata (Gentianaceae), Actinostemma lobatum (Cucurbitaceae), Cirsium pendulum (Compositae), Microstegium japonicum (Gramineae), etc.) in class I. Based on the naturalized plants, 51 taxa and ecosystem disturbing wild plants, 6 taxa (Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Aster pilosus, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, Hypochaeris radicata, Paspalum distichum var. distichum) and naturalization rate was 15.7% of all 324 taxa of flora, urbanization index was 18.8% of all 271 taxa of naturalized plants. Based on the hydrophytes, 23 taxa and emergent hydrophytes were 17 taxa, floating-leaved hydrophytes were 3 taxa, submergent hydrophytes were 2 taxa, free-floating hydrophytes was Spirodela polyrhiza.