• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1488-1494
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• 1999

Effect of ${\gamma}-irradiation$ on the SDS-PAGE pattern, secondary structure content, the solubility of commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) was investigated. The change in the subunit molecular weight of SPI and WPC irradiated in aqueous solution or dried state was studied using SDS-PAGE. The SDS-PAGE pattern of SPI irradiated in aqueous solution revealed the fragmentation and aggregation of the subunit protein. For WPC irradiated in aqueous solution. fragmentation of the subunit protein up to 10 kGy was observed. In contrast, ${\gamma}-irradiation$ of SPI and WPC in dried state did not cause any significant changes in the SDS-PAGE pattern. The change In the secondary structure of irradiated SPI and WPC solution was studied using circular dichroism. The aperiodic structure content of SPI and WPC solution increased at higher irradiation doses, which suggests that ${\gamma}-irradiation$ caused the disruption of the ordered structure of SPI and WPC solution. Gamma-irradiation also caused the change in solubility of SPI and WPC in dried state.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1513-1513
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• 2001

Present Food Legislation compels dairy industry to carry out analyses in order to guarantee the food safety and quality of products. Furthermore, in many cases industry pays milk according to bacteriological or/and nutritional quality. In order to do these analyses, several expensive instruments are needed (Milkoscan, Fossomatic, Bactoscan). NIRS technology Provides a unique instrument to deal with all analytical requirements. It offers as main advantages its speed and, specially, its versatility, since not only allows determine all the parameters required in milk analysis, but also allows analyse other dairy products, like cheese or whey. The objective of this study is to develop NIRS calibration equations to predict several quality parameters in goat milk, cheese and whey. Three sets of 123 milk samples, 190 cheese samples and 109 whey samples, have been analysed in a FOSS NIR Systems 6500 I spectrophotometer equipped with a spinning module. Milk and whey were analysed by folded transmission, using circular cells with gold surface and pathlength of 0.1 m, while intact cheese was analysed by reflectance using standard circular cells. NIRS calibrations were obtained for the prediction of chemical composition in goat milk, for fat (r$^2$=0.92; SECV=0.20%), total solids (r$^2$=0.95: SECV=0.22%), protein (r$^2$=0.94; SECV=0.07%), casein (r$^2$=0.93; SECV=0.07%) and lactose (r$^2$=0.89; SECV=0.05%). Moreover, equations have been performed to determine somatic cells (r$^2$=0.81; SECV=276.89%) and total bacteria (r$^2$=0.58; SECV=499.32%) counts in goat milk. In the case of cheese, calibrations were obtained for the prediction of fat (r$^2$=0.92; SECV=0.57), total solids (r$^2$=0.80; SECV=0.92%) and protein (r$^2$=0.70; SECV=0.63%). In whey, fat (r$^2$=0.66; SECV=0.08%), total solids (r$^2$=0.67; SECV=0.19%) and protein (r$^2$=0.76; SECV=0.07%) NIRS equations were obtained. These results proved the viability of NIRS technology to predict chemical and microbiological parameters and somatic cells count in goat milk, as well as chemical composition of goat cheese and whey.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2019

The objective of this research was to assess the amount of carbon stock of coarse woody debris (CWD) in Bombo-Lumene Reserve. Data on lying CWD was collected on 35 circular sampling plots using Line Intersect Sampling (LIS) method. A total of 230 samples CWD (${\geq}10cm$ diameter) were inventoried. The mean carbon stocks of CWD was $29.48Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, ranging from 4.32 to $73.54Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$. The CWD carbon stocks displayed a wide range of variation in decay states. The allocation of CWD among the decay class of all the CWD samples reveals that the most important classes were class 1 and class 3 with 323.66 and $321.96Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, followed by class 4 with 264.56 and the last one was class 2 with $121.72Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$. The results suggested that the dead wood component is important in carbon sequestration and should be taken into consideration for quantification of carbon stocks not only in Bombo-Lumene Reserve, but in all forest ecosystems in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.43 no.5 s.149
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• pp.586-596
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• 2006

A 3-dimensional FDLB model with additional internal degree of freedom is applied for diatomic gases such as air, in which an additional distribution function is introduced. Direct simulations of aero-acoustic by using the applied model and scheme are presented. Speed of sound is correctly recovered. As typical examples, the Aeolian tone emitted by a circular column is successfully simulated even very low Mach number flow. Acoustic pressure fluctuations with the same frequency of the Karman vortex street compared with the pressure fluctuation around a circular column is captured. Full three-dimensional acoustic wave past a compact block like pentagon, furthermore, is also emitted in y direction as dipole like sound.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.423-426
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• 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen that can source a variety of illness worldwide. In this announcement, we report here the complete genome sequence of S. aureus strain JDFM SA01, isolated from a milk filter collected from Korean dairy farm. The final complete genome assembly consists of one circular chromosome (2,748,925 bp) with an overall GC content of 32.9% and one circular plasmid sequence (24,655bp) with a GC content of 28.7%.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.231-244
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• 2023

Many of the recent investigations in the field of geotechnical engineering focused on the bearing capacity theories of multilayered soil. A number of factors affect the bearing capacity of the soil, such as soil properties, applied overburden stress, soil layer thickness beneath the footing, and type of design analysis. An extensive number of finite element model (FEM) simulation was performed on a prototype slope with various abovementioned terms. Furthermore, several non-linear artificial intelligence (AI) models are developed, and the best possible neural network system is presented. The data set is from 3443 measured full-scale finite element modeling (FEM) results of a circular shallow footing analysis placed on layered cohesionless soil. The result is used for both training (75% selected randomly) and testing (25% selected randomly) the models. The results from the predicted models are evaluated and compared using different statistical indices (R² and RMSE) and the most accurate model BBO (R²=0.9481, RMSE=4.71878 for training and R²=0.94355, RMSE=5.1338 for testing) and TLBO (R²=0.948, RMSE=4.70822 for training and R²=0.94341, RMSE=5.13991 for testing) are presented as a simple, applicable formula.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.378-383
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• 1999

Changes of the spectroscopic characteristics of the organic matter fractions and circular filter paper chromatograph were assessed for the bark and piggery manure composts during the composting. as an approach to base the criteria of the compost maturity evaluation. Contents of humic acid-C (HA-C) and fulvic acid-C (FA-C) in both bark and piggery manure composts were decreased as the composting got closer to maturity, but the ratios of HA-C/FA-C were increased. During the composting. ${\Delta}log$ K values were decreased, but RF values were increased. Humic acid of the mature bark compost after 120 days of composting was A-type, as compared to Rp-type for the raw bark and B-type for the immature compost. However. humic acid of the mature piggery manure composts after 40 days of composting was B-type, indicating the humification of the organic matter fractions continued at this stage. Circular filter paper chromatograph of the mature bark compost exhibited the regular sawteeth pattern at the edge, but that of the mature piggery manure showed an irregular sawteeth pattern. Results demonstrated that spectroscopic characteristics and circular filter paper chromatograph of the organic by-product composts might be employed for the compost stability assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.26-36
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• 1994

The comparative wood anatomy of 1 species belonging to genus Myrica of Myricaceae, 9 species to genus Populus and 8 species to genus Salix of Salcaceae, occurring in Korea, was described and coded according to IAWA list(Wheeler, 1989). Myrica rubra. of Myricaceae is a typical diffuse-porous wood with numerous vessels per $mm^2$ and its pores are mainly angular in outline. Vessels scalariform perforation plates with a few bars, very small inter vessel pits; axial parenchyma abundant, diffuse or diffuse-in-aggregates which is distinct and easily observed on cross section; rays 1-3 seriate, Kribs' heterogeneous I or II types, frequently contains rhomboidal crystals; Dark pigmented substances included in some rays and axial parenchyma. Salicaceae, a typical diffuse porous wood, has mainly radial pore multiple, large intervessel pits, distinct alternate pits, simple perforation plates, ray-vessel pits with circular large pits, uniseriate rays, marginal parenchyma composed of 1-2 layers. In some species, ray parenchyma contain crystals. Populus and Salix wood can be distinguished from one another by the following characters. Pores of Populus woods almost angular in outline. Uniseriate homogeneous rays slightly higher than Salix and long linear on tangential section. Whereas Salix woods appear the pores almost oval, uniseriate heterogeneous rays, which are smular narrow fusiform on tangential section and lower in height than Populus.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2010

This paper analyzes data on the composition, status, diversity, and distribution pattern of invasive forest undergrowth in a protected area (Khadimnagar National Park) of Northeastern Bangladesh. Assessment was done by means of stratified random sampling to diversify the invasive forest undergrowth species. For vegetation survey, 45 plots were taken randomly in ($2m{\times}2m$) circular plot from three topographical regions namely top of the hill, middle slope and plain land (15 plots from each region) and a total of 715 individuals, 22 invasive species belonging to 17 families were recorded from the study site. Among invasive species, shrubs constitute 10 species, herbs 9 species, and vines 3 species respectively. Mass number of invasive undergrowth species was grows in plain land (45.45%) followed by middle slope (31.82%). Based on the survey, invasive undergrowth plants of study areas were also categorized into three degrees of invasiveness e.g., highly invasive, moderately invasive and potentially invasive. Herbs, shrubs, and vines constitute the highest density at Chromolaema odorata (Linn.) King. (1.09), relative density at Chromolaema odorata (Linn.) King. 6.85%; highest and lowest frequency was calculated at Cassia alata L. (64.44%) and Diplazium esculentum (24.44%); for relative frequency the highest was Cassia alata L., which occupies 6.64%. Determination of the abundance of the different species revealed that Cassia alata L., constitutes (3.36) followed by Pteris cretica Wilsonii (3.14) of the area. The presence of invasive undergrowth species always reduced the number of associated species. Therefore, an extensive in-depth long-term investigation, proper policy formulation and management interventions and further study and continuous monitoring on their impacts need to be triggered targeting the control of the invasive undergrowth species of this protected area. In this aspect, national and international organization could help to conserve its biodiversity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2007

Cellulomanas sp. CS 1-1 was studied for its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, together with DNA homology and fatty acid pattern to elucidate its taxonomical position in the species level. Colony morphology of CS1-1 exhibited circular form, opaque, convex, entire edge and pale yellow. Cells were of rod with the size of $0.3{\sim}0.5{\times}0.8{\sim}1.2{\mu}m$, while coryneforms were formed at the early stage of culture. D-ribose, raffinose, rhamnose, acetate, propionate, L-lactate, D-gluconate, aspartate and proline were not utilized as a sole source of carbon, whereas saccharose, arabinose, and amlyose were utilized. Biochemical characteristics of CS1-1 were Gram positive, catalase positive, oxidase negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobic, mesophilic and G+C content of 74.7 mol %. The major fatty acid and menaquinone were 12-methyltetradecanoic acid(anteiso-$C_{15:1}$) and MK-$9(H_4)$, respectively. These results were correspondent with the characteristics reported for member of the genus Cellulomonas. The strain CS 1-1 exhibited a high level of DNA homology as 70% with C. uda ATCC491, compared to those of 54~59% with C. fimi ATCC 15724, 46~48% with C. biazotea, C. gelida and C. bibula. Finally, strain CS1-1 could be classified as a novel species belongs to C. uda.