• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.10 s.115
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• pp.1024-1035
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• 2006

A three-dimensional (3-D) method of analysis is presented for determining the free vibration frequencies and mode shapes of thick, complete (circumferentially closed), circular rings with an elliptical or circular cross-section. Displacement components $u_r,\;u_\theta\;and\;u_z$ in the radial, circumferential, and axial directions, respectively, are taken to be periodic in ${\theta}$ and in time, and algebraic polynomials in the r and z directions. Potential (strain) and kinetic energies of the circular rings are formulated, and upper bound values of the frequencies are obtained by minimizing the frequencies. As the degree of the polynomials is increased, frequencies converge to the exact values. Convergence to four-digit exactitude is demonstrated for the first five frequencies of the rings. Novel numerical results are presented for the circular rings having an elliptical cross-section based upon 3-D theory. Comparisons are also made between the frequencies from the present 3-D Ritz method and ones obtained from thin and thick ring theories, experiments, and another 3-D method.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1993

Ring Sector Plate Supported by Elastic Beam Although all the reinforced concrete circular ring sector plates are elastically supported, it is conventional to simplify their supporting conditions as fixed or simply-supported ones assuming that their supporting beam has infinite stiffness. However, in order to obtain a precise solution, it should be required to consider the stiffness of their supporting beam. As a methodological improvement to the precise analysis, "Reinforced Concrete Model" previously developed by the author was applied to the structural analysis of the reinforced concrete circular ring sector plates with elastically supported beam. The results of analysis in the cases under various conditions of open angle, steel ratio, relative stiffness(EI/DL) between plate and supporting beam were summarized as follows ; 1.Although the effect of relative stiffness between plate and supporting beam varies depending on the magnitude of open angle, in general, it shows the largest when not more than 5.0 and negligible when not less than 10.0. Therefore, it would be considered as fixed supporting condition :in the case of its open angle of 0$^{\circ}$rectangular plates), its stiffness ratio being not less than 10.0 and in the other case of its open angle of 30$^{\circ}$, its stiffness ratio being not less than 5.0. 2.In the rectangular plates, the effect of steel ratio is considerable in no supporting condition, but neglible in the supporting condition. So, the effect of steel ratio should be negligible in the case of the elastically supported circular ring sector plates. 3.However, the effect of steel ratio is much more considerable in the case of the fixed supported circular plates, especially, when steel ratio being not more than 1.0% and stiffness ratio being smaller. So, the effect of steel ratio should be considered in the analysis of reinforced concreate circular ring sector plates with fixed conditions. 4.The effect of open angle is greater in the case of without-supporting beam conditions. However, in the other case of with-supporting beam conditions, the effect is a little bit when open angle of not more than 300 and negligible when open angle of not more than 30$^{\circ}$.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.969-974
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• 2001

Circular cylindrical tubes are widely used in structures such as vehicles and aircraft structures, where light weight and high compressive/bending/torsional load carrying capacity are required. When axially compressed, relatively thick circular cylindrical tubes deform in a so-called ring mode. Each ring develops and completely collapses one by one until the entire length of the tube collapses. During the collapse process the tube absorbs a large amount of energy. Like honey-comb structures, circular cylindrical tubes are light weighted, are capable of high axial compressive load, and absorb a large amount of energy before being completely collapsed. In this report, the subject of axial plastic buckling of circular cylindrical tubes was reviewed first. Then, the axial collapse process of the tubes in a so-called ring mode was studied both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, steel tubes were axially compressed slowly until they were completely collapsed. Fixed boundary condition was provided. Numerical study involves axisymmetric, elastic-plastic, large deflection, self-contact mechanisms. The measured and calculated results were presented and compared with each other. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the load carrying capacity and the energy absorbing capacity of the tube.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.258-264
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• 1999

In this study, a computer program was developed for analysis of the orthotropic curved ring sector plates. In the developing program , the thin-plate theory and multi-base coordinate system was adopted. The effect of design factors-boundary conditions, loading conditions, steel ratio, open angle, radius of curvature and relative flexural rigidity between slab and edge-beam-on the behavior of the circular ring sector plates were discussed. Also, the practical limitations was proposed to replace the problem of the orthotropic sector plate by equivalent rectangular plage.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.987-994
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• 2013

In this paper, a dual-band open-ended circular ring moNopole antenna for WLAN(Wireless Local Area Networks) applications. The proposed antenna is based on a planar moNopole design, and composed of open-ended one circular ring of radiating patches for dual-band operation. To obtain the optimized parameters, we used the simulator, Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS) and found the parameters that effect antenna characteristics. Using the obtained parameters, the proposed antenna is fabricated. The fabricated antenna is measured at the operating frequencies(2.4-2.484 GHz, 5.15-5.825 GHz), and the return loss coefficient, gain, and radiation patterns are determined.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

This study aimed to analyze the nonlinear buckling of ring-stiffened circular cylinders under uniform external pressure, e.g. hydrostatic pressure, considering material nonlinearity and initial imperfection. In the present study, we analyzed the collapse pressure of pressure vessels using ANSYS Workbench, which is a framework of finite element methods. First, linear buckling analysis is performed to find collapse modes of the model. Second, scaling the first mode shape with small factor, geometric model is pre-deformed. And then, by analyzing the nonlinear buckling of the pre-deformed shape, the collapse pressure is estimated. To verify the validity of the analyses, we compared the results with Ross' experimental results. Finally, we applied it to ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shell of the pressure hull of a small submarine.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.116-124
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• 2008

In order to evaluate the behavior patterns of the ring beam by excavation at the vertical wall with circular section, the measured field datum were analyzed and evaluated in this study. Additionally, stress patterns of the ring beam with the change of excavation depth were estimated by using FE analysis. As the results, it was shown that the tendency of the measured values for the behavior patterns of the ring beam is similar to the analyzed values in FE analysis. From the tendency, it was confirmed that the behaviors of the ring beam due to change of excavation depth can predict by FE analysis using the suggested method in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.67-72
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• 2012

In this study, the leak-free performance and sealing endurance safety of CNG fueling nipple in which are related to the contact normal stress and equivalent true stress have been analyzed for CNG automobile using a finite element analysis. For the conventional circular o-rings and new double-lip o-rings with an initial compression rate of 15 percentages, the leak-free performance of double-lip o-rings with two contact sealing spots is 41% higher than that of the conventional circular o-rings with a contact sealing spot. The FEM computed results present that the leak-free endurance safety of double-lip o-rings with two contact sealing spots is 5% higher than that of the conventional circular o-rings for initial compression ratio of 15 percentages and a gas compression pressure of 8MPa. And, the maximum equivalent true stress of double-lip o-rings is 10.2% higher than that of the conventional circular o-rings for the leak-free endurance safety. This means that the double-lip o-ring may guarantee the extended sealing life compared to that of a conventional circular o-ring.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.545-548
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• 2002

This paper proposes a unidirectional beam antenna using a probe excited circular ring near the reflector. The antenna structure is simple. The radiation characteristics of the antenna fur various spacing between a probe excited circular ring and the reflector are analyzed. These characteristics are also compared with the conventional single aperture near the reflector. It is found that the proposed structure yields better characteristics than the conventional structure. The numerical results of the radiation pattern, elevational beam peak, beamwidth, and maximum directivity are investigated. The result of the analysis is very useful to design the antenna of the high directivity with unidirectional beam.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.312-315
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• 2008

The flow structure behind circular and elliptical type rings embedded in a cross-flow was investigated experimentally using two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV). The experiments were performed in a circulating water channel with a test section of 0.35m height ${\times}$ 0.3m width ${\times}$ 1.1m length. PIV measurements were carried out with varying the Reynolds number in the range of 4.5 ${\times}$ $10^2$ - 4.5 ${\times}$ $10^3$. In the present study, turbulent flow structures in the stream-wise direction and span-wise direction were investigated. The mean velocity field distribution was obtained by statistical-averaging instantaneous velocity fields. The spatial distributions of turbulent statistics such as turbulent intensities and turbulent kinetic energy were also investigated.