• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2000

The response of an embedded body to dynamic loads is greatly influenced by the reactions of the soil to the motion of the body. The properties of the soil surrounding embedded bodies (e.g., piles) may be different than those of the far-field for a variety of reasons. It may be weakened or strengthened according to the method of installation of piles, or altered due to applying one of the soil strengthening technique (e.g., electrokinetic treatment of soil, El Naggar et al. 1998). In all these cases, the shear strength of the soils and its shear modulus vary gradually in the radial direction, resulting in a radially inhomogeneous soil layer. This paper describes an analysis to compute vertical and torsional dynamic soil reactions of a radially inhomogeneous soil layer with a circular hole. These soil reactions could then be used to model the soil resistance in the analysis of the pile vibration under dynamic loads. The soil layer is considered to have a piecewise, radial variation for the complex shear modulus. The model is developed for soil layers improved using the electrokinetic technique but can be used for other situations where the soil properties vary gradually in the radial direction (strengthened or weakened). The soil reactions (impedance functions) are evaluated over a wide range of parameters and compared with those obtained from other solutions. A parametric study was performed to examine the effect of different soil improvement parameters on vertical and torsional impedance functions of the soil. The effect of the increase in the shear modulus and the width of the improved zone is investigated.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2021

Piercing is the process of shearing a circular hole in sheet metal, whose high shear force makes it difficult to secure the durability of tools. In addition, uneven clearance between tools due to poor alignment of the piercing punch causes accelerated die wear and breakage of the tool. This study reviewed the feasibility of in-situ determining alignment failure during the piercing process by analyzing the signal deviation of a bolt-type piezo sensor installed inside the tool whose alignment level was controlled. Finite element analysis was performed to select the optimal sensor location on the piercing tool for sensitive detection of process signals. A well-aligned piercing process results in uniform deformation in the circumferential direction, and shearing is completed at a stroke similar to the sheet thickness. Afterward, a sharp decrease in shear load is observed. The misaligned piecing punch leads to a gradual decrease in the load after the maximum shear load. This gradual decrease is due to the progressive shear deformation that proceeds in the circumferential direction after the initial crack occurs at the narrow clearance site. Therefore, analyzing the stroke at which the maximum shear load occurs and the load reduction rate after that could detect the misalignment of the piercing punch in real-time.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.161-170
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• 1994

This paper presents the performance and problems in analysis method and testing system of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interfermetry(ESPI) method, in measuring two-dimensional in- plane displacement. The analysis result of measurement by ESPI is quite comparable to that of measurement by strain gauge method. This implieds that the method of ESPI is a very effective tool in non-contact two-dimensional in-plane strain analysis. But there is a controversial point, measurement error. This error is discussed to be affected not by ESPI method itself, but by its analysis scheme of the interference fringe, where the first-order interpolation has been applied to the points of strain measured. Further development of advanced first-order interpolation method is being undertaken for the more precise in-plane strain measurement.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 최근 요구되는 이동통신 서비스의 다양한 주파수 대역 요구를 충족시키기 위해 3중 모드 주파수 가변 필터를 제안한다. 이 필터는 가변 커패시터를 활용하여 공진 주파수를 조절할 수 있는 튜닝 가능한 구조를 가지고 있다. 품질 계수를 향상하기 위해 SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) 구조를 도입하였고, 중앙에 위치한 원형 홀을 통해 세 개의 공진 모드를 유발하는 구조를 구현하였다. 가변 커패시터에 의해 변화에 따른 전계분포와 공진 주파수의 변화를 EM 전파해석툴인 HFSS를 사용하여 시뮬레이션하였으며, 3중 모드의 전계분포와 공진 주파수의 변화를 확인하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2016

국내에서는 현장에서 사용되고 있는 록볼트 공법에 대하여 여러가지 연구가 진행 중이다. 대규모 사면이나 터널, 암반구조물의 불안정한 지반을 새로운 평형상태로 유지시키기 위한 지보재로서 그라운드앵커, 록볼트가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 가장 널리 이용되고 있는 지보재인 록볼트를 대상으로 원형 모형토조를 이용하여 실내 인발시험을 수행하여 지보재의 특성을 분석하였다. 최대인발하중의 변화 양상을 살펴보기 위해 수행한 록볼트에 대한 인발시험의 결과를 보면 인발시험 횟수에 관계없이 거의 일정함을 보였는데, 이것은 지보재가 최대인발하중에 도달할지라도 록볼트와 충전재 사이에 파괴가 거의 일어나지 않으므로 일정한 최대인발하중을 보이는 것으로 판단되며 금회 실내시험에서 충전재는 콘크리트와 토사로 채워져 있다. 주요 지보재인 록볼트의 충전재를 인공적인 재해를 방지하도록 설치한다. 본 논문에서는 록볼트 충전재인 그라우트재가 흘러내리는 것을 방지하기 위한 밀봉패커를 개발하였으며 그로 인한 터널과 사면에서 시공 시 적용성과 역할을 평가하였다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.429-432
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• 1996

An x-ray astronomy experiment consisting of three collimated proportional counters and an X-ray Sky Monitor (XSM) was flown aboard the Indian Satellite IRS-P3 launched on March 21, 1996 from SHAR range in India. The Satellite is in a circular orbit of 830 km altitude with an orbital inclination of $98^{\circ}$ and has three axis stabilized pointing capability. Each pointed-mode Proportional Counter (PPC) is a multilayer, multianode unit filled with P-10 gas ($90\%$ Ar + $10\%\;CH_4$) at 800 torr and having an aluminized mylar window of 25 micron thickness. The three PPCs are identical and have a field of view of $2^{\circ}{\times}2^{\circ}$ defined by silver coated aluminium honeycomb collimators. The total effective area of the three PPCs is about 1200 $cm^2$. The PPCs are sensitive in 2-20 keV band. The XSM consists of a pin-hole of 1 $cm^2$ area placed 16 cm above the anode plane of a 32 cm$\times$32 cm position sensitive proportional counter sensitive in 3-8 keV interval. The position of the x-ray events is determined by charge division technique using nichrome wires as anodes. The principal objective of this experiment is to carry out timing studies of x-ray pulsars, x-ray binaries and other rapidly varying x-ray sources. The XSM will be used to detect transient x-ray sources and monitor intensity of bright x-ray binaries. Observations of black-hole binary Cyg X-1 and few other binary sources were carried out in early May and July-August 1996 period. Details of the x-ray detector characteristics are presented and preliminary results from the observations are discussed.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.21-28
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• 1989

For the study of the fatigue behavior, high-strength bolted connections on a small scale were manufactured, and carried on fatigue tests. Its experimental values were analysed by stress-fatigue life (S-N) curve. Three types of specimens : the base metal, the cireular hole and the welded sperimens had same net section were made. Through the same tests those experimental values were compared with those of the high-strength bolted conneetions. The results of these studies are as followings. It was found that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the high-strength bolted conneetions were much more about 14% and 16% than that of the base metal specimen. It was thought that this trend was due to frictional force increasing fatigue strength. It was known that fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the welded joints were less 29% and 21% than that of base metal specimen. It was thought that that trend was due to weld flaw. It was appeared that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the high-strength bolted connections were much more about 38% and 30% than that of welded joint. It was thought that it was due to both frictional force increasing the fatigue strength in bolted connections and weld flaw decreasing the fatigue strength in welded connections. It was found that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the B3 specimens were much more 2% and -2% than that of the B4 specimen. It was thought that that trend was due to the frictional force, which concerned with shape of specimen. It was known that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the specimen with circular hole was less 61% and 65% than that of base metal. It was known that the allowable stress for bolted joint was higher than that of welded Joints. If that research is continued and more data are accumulated it can be expected that a basic pattern to provided the indicator of the fatigue design of the bolted connections of steel structures and persume the safety and lifeproof of existing structures is given.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.255-265
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• 1991

분사류의 굴삭성능을 이용하여 해저의 모래속에서 서식하고 있는 패류를 어획할 목적으로 원형과 직사각형의 모형노즐을 제작하여 수조에서 분사노즐의 모래면에 대한 굴삭실험을 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 분사노즐에 의한 모래면의 최대 굴삭깊이와 폭은 분사속도와 노즐의 단면적의 크기에 비례하여 직선적으로 증가하며, 노즐의 분사거리에 대해서는 굴삭깊이는 직선적으로 감소하나, 굴삭폭은 직선적으로 증가한다. 2. 직사각형 노즐(폭 1mm)은 단면적이 같은 원형 노즐보다 굴삭성능이 다소 우수하였다. 3. 노즐별 분사각도와 분사속도, 분사거리에 따른 최대 굴삭깊이와 폭에 관한 실험식은 직선식으로 나타나며, 분사각도 45$^{\circ}$에서 직사각형노즐(폭 1mm)의 분사속도와 분사거리에 따른 실험식은 다음과 같다. D=0.0093V 하(0)-0.23H+5.7. W=0.0147V 하(0)+1.06H+10.2. 단, D: 최대 굴삭깊이(cm), V 하(0): 노즐의 분사속도(cm/sec) 926$\leq$V 하(0)$\leq$1504, W: 최대굴삭폭(cm), H: 노즐구멍에서 모래면까지의 거리(cm).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.150-150
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 Wet chemistry damage가 Nanopatterned p-ohmic electrode에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. Nanopattern은 Metal clustering을 이용하여, P-GaN와 Ohmic형성에 유리한 Pd을 50$\AA$ 적층한 후 Rapid Thermal Annealing방법으로 $850^{\circ}C$, $N_2$분위기에서 3min열처리를 하여 Pd Clustering mask 를 제작하였다. Wet etching은 $85^{\circ}C$, $H_3PO_4$조건에서 시간에 따라 Sample을 Dipping하는 방법으로 시행하였다 Ohmic test를 위해서 Circular - Transmission line Model 방법을 이용하였으며, Atomic Force Microscopy과 Parameter Analyzer로 Nanopatterned GaN surface위에 형성된 Ni/ Au Contact에서의 전기적 분석과, 표면구조분석을 시행하였다. AFM결과 Wet처리시간에 따라서 Etching형상 및 Etch rate이 영향을 받는 것이 확인되었고, Ohmic test에서 Wet chemistry처리에 의한 Tunneling parameter와 Schottky Barrier Height가 크게 증/감함을 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과들은 Wet처리에 의해서 발생된 Defect가 GaN의 표면과 하부에서 발생되며, Deep acceptor trap 및 transfer거동과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 보다 자세한 Transport 및 Wet chemical처리영향에 관한 형성 Mechanism은 후에 I-V-T, I-V, C-V, AFM결과 들을 활용하여 발표할 예정이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.450-467
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• 1998

The characteristics of the unstable impinging circular jet is investigated based on the frequency characteristics and the sound field of the impinging-tones. Two symmetric modes S1 and S2, associated with low frequency and high frequency respectively, and one helical mode H have been observed. At low speed the S2 mode is dominant and switched by the S1 mode as the speed increases. When the jet speed is high the S1 mode is very active over the impinging distance from half the nozzle diameter to its ten times, while the S2 mode occurs at shorter distance corresponding to stage 2 and 3. The helical mode H seems unstable, likely to be influenced much by the experimental environment, and occurs at relatively high speed with almost the same frequency characteristics as the S2 mode. By estimating the convection speed of the unstable jet, it is found that the ratio of the convection speed to the jet speed decreases with both Strouhal number and Reynolds number and the speed of S2 mode is faster than the Si mode. When the present experimental results are compared with the previous investigations performed for the hole tone and the impinging tone with a small plate, the S1 mode is found to be associated with the ring vortex of large diameter with low speed, but the S2 mode with the vortex of small diameter with high speed. In addition, the frequency is found to be influenced by the nozzle configuration but the characteristics is almost the same. From the impinging distance and frequency range, it can be deduced that S1 mode is related with the jet column mode and S2 mode with the shear mode.