• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2016

From the lees of bokbunja wine (LBW) made from Rubus coreanus Miquel, we have identified six compounds (1: trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid; 2: trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid; 3: 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid; 4: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid; 5: 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid; and 6: 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapic acid)) through silica gel chromatography and UHPLC-MS. The compounds 1-6 showed strong anticoagulation and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities without hemolytic effect against human red blood cells. To date, this is the first report of the in vitro anti-thrombosis activity of sinapic acid. Our results suggest that different cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives are closely linked to the anti-thrombosis activity of LBW, and sinapic acid could be developed as a promising anti-thrombosis agent.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.153-162
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• 2009

목적 : 한의학 분야에서 육계(CCE: Cinnamomum cassia)는 혈류 순환이 저하된 상태에 널리 쓰이는 약재이다. 이 연구에서는 CCE와 그 활성 혼합물인 cinnamic acid가 in vitro와 in vivo에서 발휘하는 신생혈관 형성 작용에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방법 : CCE와 CA의 신생혈관형성 작용을 알아보기 위하여 Human unbilical endothelial cells(HUVECs)와 Bovine arterial endothelial cells(BAECs) 그리고 Matrigel assay를 이용하였다. 결과 : In vitro에서 CCE와 그 활성 혼합물은 HUVEC 증식, 이동, 모세혈관-유사 관 형성을 유도한다. CCE에서의 25-50% 증가(1 또는 10ng/ml 용량에서)는 CA에서 증식과 유사하게 나타났다. HUVEC에서는 증식이 뚜렷하게 나타났으나 BAEC에서는 증식이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않아 증식 효과는 내피세포의 기원에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. BAEC는 CCE와 CA에서 증식은 보이지 않았지만 이동과 모세혈관-유사 관 형성 또는 분화를 보였다. 또한 CCE와 CA는 HUVEC에서 VEGF 발현과 Flk-1/KDR 발현을 각각 2.2배와 2.5배 증가시켰다. 결론 : CCE와 그 활성 혼합물은 in vivo와 in vitro에서 혈관 내피세포의 VEGF 발현을 통하여 신생혈관 형성 작용을 유도하며 이는 앞으로 다른 한약 추출물의 신생혈관형성 촉진 작용 연구에 모델을 제시할 것으로 보인다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.110-110
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• 1997

새로운 발모제 개발에 관한 연구의 일환으로 현재 발모제로 쓰여지고 있는 Eugenol에 구충제로 쓰여지고 있는 cinnamic acid를 반응시켜 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenyl cinnamoyl ester(이하 Eucin이라 칭함)을 만들어 물성, 정량법 및 육모작용 등에 관하여 검토하였다. Eucin은 분자식 $C_{19}$ H$_{18}$ O$_3$ (mw : 294), mp 88-90$^{0}$ C인 백색분말로서 클로로포름, 디클로로메탄 등에 녹고, 메탄올에는 약간 녹으며 물 및 핵산에는 불용이었다. Eucin 메탄올용액의 EtOAc:n-Hexane (1:10) 에서의 Rf=0.24였다. 정량법은 흡광광도법 즉 1 - 5 $\times$ $10^{-5}$M Eucin 표준액에 대하여 최대흡광파장 282.4nm에서 각각 흡광도를 측정하여 구한 검량선식은 Y = 2.1709 $\times$ $10^4$X + 0.07725 (상관계수:997)이며, 또한 HPLC법으로 작성한 검량선식은 $Y_{area}$=3.1578 $\times$ $10^{9}$ X - 1.7958 $\times$ $10^3$(상관계수 : 0.9996)로서 양호한 직선성을 나타내었다. 그리고 육모시험결과는 미녹시딜에 비해 다소 떨어지는 모 복원효과를 나타내었으나, 차후 이 물질의 용해도 등을 개선함으로서 더 정화한 결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 사료된다.다.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2010

Epicoccum purpurascens stain 5615 AUMC was investigated for its biocontrol activity against root rot disease caused by Pythium irregulare. E. purpurascens greenhouse pathogenicity tests using three leguminous plants indicated that the fungus was nonpathogenic under the test conditions. The germination rate of the three species of legume seeds treated with a E. purpurascens homogenate increased significantly compared with the seeds infested with P. irregulare. No root rot symptoms were observed on seeds treated with E. purpurascens, and seedlings appeared more vigorous when compared with the non-treated control. A significant increase in seedling growth parameters (seedling length and fresh and dry weights) was observed in seedlings treated with E. purpurascens compared to pathogen-treated seedlings. Pre-treating the seeds with the bioagent fungus was more efficient for protecting seeds against the root rot disease caused by P. irregulare than waiting for disease dispersal before intervention. To determine whether E. purpurascens produced known anti-fungal compounds, an acetone extract of the fungus was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The extract revealed a high percentage of the cinnamic acid derivative (trimethylsiloxy) cinnamic acid methyl ester. The E. purpurascens isolate grew more rapidly than the P. irregulare pathogen in a dual culture on potato dextrose agar nutrient medium, although the two fungi grew similarly when cultured separately. This result may indicate antagonism via antibiosis or competition.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 1969

An attempt has been made to investigate the nature of the characteristic darkening reaction occurring in the rice bran oil during the storage. Several pigments were separated by using column and thin layer chromatography of the pigments was made in the light of the knowledge of absorption spectral behavior. The presence of trace amount of iron and phytosteryl esters of ferulic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid) was found to be responsible for the development of the characteristic color in rice bran oil. The model reactions with the ferulate, iron and fatty acids could be suggested the mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 1996

Phenolic compounds are known to inhibit the nitrosation or oxidation reaction. In the present work, the effects of phenolic compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids on the nitrite-scavenging and electron donating ability were tested as scavenger of nitrite which is believed to participate in the formation of N-nitroso compounds and investigated as electron donator. The nitrite scavenging ability appeared in all the phenolic acids and showed the highest value at PH 1.2. Among the Phenolic compounds, phenolic acids showed higher nitrite-scavenging action than some flavonoids. Futhermore, the nitrite scavenging action of phenolic compounds was pH dependent highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The electron donating ability (EDA) by reduction of ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) among hydroxybenzoic acids was in the decreasing order of gallic acid, gentisic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. EDA of hydroxycinnamic acids was in the decreasing order of hydrocaffeic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and trans-cinnamic acid. EDA of flavonoids was in the decreasing order of (+)catechin, rutin, quercetin, naringin and hesperidin. Other phenolic compounds were significantly high in electron donating abilities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1990

Influences of plant phenolic acids and their possible metabolites(non-phenolic aromatic acids involved) in the rumen on the cellulolytic activity of mixed rumen populations were examined by a simple in vitro culture technique. Initial concentrations of aromatic acids were 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM/l. All the tested aromatic acids reduced microbial cellulose digestion especially at the higher initial concentration. P-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid, those having unhydrogenated propenoic side chain were more inhibitory than were 3-phenylpropinic acid and phloretic acid, those having hydrogenated propanoic side chain. Lag-time for cellulose digestion was prolonged by former three acids by 16 h. Apparent reduction in p-coumaric acid concentration was observed at 24 h when cellulose digestion began. Volatile fatty acid productions from cellulose fermentation were shifted by former three aromatic acids to produce more acetate and less propionate. This suggests that the selection of celluloytic organisms was induced by these aromatic acids.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2005

This study was carried out to examine the allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of Hypochaeris radicata L. on growth of three gramineous forage crops, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass and italian ryegrass. The result on relative elongation ration (RER) of gramineous forage crops treated with the aqueous extract of Hypochaeris radicata L. and the change of quantity generally indicated the inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect was increased as its concentration was increased. As a result, it is ascertained that the aqueous extract of Hypochaeris radicata L. has allelopathy effect. According to the chemical experiment of the allelochemical substances in Hypochaeris radicata L. by HPLC, there are the differences at each part of plants. However, it is ascertained that there are eleven phenolic compounds, ${\rho}-hydroxybenzoic$ acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, salicylic acid, ${\rho}-coumaric$ acid, ferulic acid, hesperidin, trans-cinnamic acid and naringenin. Especially three phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid and naringenin were detected from all part of the plant.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.165-174
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• 1989

In this study, antioxidative effectiveness of BHA, BHT of 0.02% was compared to that of separated phenolic acid, ester form and insoluble phenolic acid were extracted from 50g mustard seed removed fat antioxidative effectiveness was assumed, measuring Peroxide value, TBA value for 5 days, storaging respective substrate and contrast tube at $45{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. 1. Laboratory tube was added by BHA, BHT separated phenolic acid ester form and insoluble phenolic acid extract and peroxide value of contrast tube after 25 days storage were 31.9, 13.2, 16.6, 11.2, 35.91. On the other hand at the same condition TBA of each antioxidativity matter were 0.24, 0.16, 0.19, 0.17, 027, 0.35 as a result remarkably appeared antioxidative effectiveness in meal soybean oil substrate. 2. Total phenolic contents of free phenolic acid and insoluble phenolic acid in mustard were 13.2mg/10ml, 340.5mg/10ml, 2.1mg/10ml. 3. Phenolic acid separated and identificated were catechol, methylcatechol, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial effects of organic acid and some natural occurring antimicrobials against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various origins (vegetables, peanut, pea leaf, kim-bab, person, perilla leaf, and animal) and to calculate their MIC and MBC values. Five organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric, malic, and propionic acid), three essential oils (carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol), and two other natural antimicrobials (nisin and cinnamic acid) were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against 113 strains of S. aureus using combination treatments. Propionic acid (7%), nisin (1%), thymol (1%), carvacrol (1%) showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus strains in agar disc diffusion test. And, carvacrol, thymol, and nisin were found to be the most effective with the lowest MIC values of 0.0313%, 0.0625%, and 0.0625% against S.aureus, respectively. Propionic acid (0.2313%) and citric acid (0.6000%) were the most effective among organic acids tested. Therefore, these five antimicrobials were selected for next combination treatments. Combination of propionic acid and citric acid were showed the strongest inhibitory effectiveness against S. aureus among combination treatments. These results suggest that organic acid such as propionic and citric acid, and natural occurring antimicrobial such as nisin, carvacrol, and thymol might be possibly used as preservatives for inhibiting S. aureus in foods.