• 제목/요약/키워드: Cigarettes Per Day

검색결과 94건 처리시간 0.024초

콜타르가 함유된 페인트 사용 조선업 근로자에서 요중 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide와 대사효소 유전자 다형성에 관한 연구 (Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide and genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes in shipbuilding workers using coal tar paint)

  • 이경호;이정미;최인미;김재용;임형준;이상윤;윤기정;고상백;최홍렬
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2000
  • Although shipbuilding workers were exposed to a variety of genotoxic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), limited number of studies were conducted to evaluate the biomarkers related to PAH exposure in painting workers in shipbuilding industry. One hundred and thirty three workers including 73 employees using coal tar paints were recruited from a shipbuilding company located in South Korea. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), as internal dose of PAH exposure, were measured by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy after immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)M1 and GSTT1 genotypes were assessed by multiplex PCR. Information on demographic characteristics, smoking gabit, diet, job title, use of personal protective equipments were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Urinary 1-OHPG were higher in workers using coal tar paints than in workers using general paints, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.20, Mann-Whitney U test). Urinary 1-OHPG levels in smokers were higher than in non-smokers (p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney U test) and there was a significant increase in urinary 1-OHPG levels with the numbers of cigarettes consumed per day (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.28, p=0.02). Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 did not influence the level of 1-OHPG in study subjects. Multiple regression analysis show that smoking is the only significant predictor for lon-transformed 1-OHPG (overall model R2=0.1). These results suggest that workers using coal tar paints were exposed to significant amount of PAHs and individual difference in xenobiotic metabolism might affect the levels of internal dose of PAHs.

공공기관 근무자의 금연구역내 흡연실태 (Actual Conditions of Smoking of Public Workers within Nonsmoking Areas)

  • 백윤자;정문숙;권진희
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.229-237
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to be useful in working out plans for improving national health by identifying public workers' knowledge of and attitude to smoking, actual conditions of smoking within nonsmoking areas, and related factors. For the purpose, the questionnaire was carried out with 761 public officials of the division manager-level and lower working in Taegu Metropolitan City Hall in september, 1998. The results are summarized as follows; Smokers of the subject group accounted for 55.1%, and the smoking rate had a significant relation with age and religion. In view of the time when smokers started smoking, smokers who started smoking after graduation from a high school accounted for 70.6%. Smokers who smoke one pack of cigarettes per day and a cigarette to its two-thirds length was the most. In the smoking place of smokers at home, 54.9% of the smokers responded that they smoke in an outdoor space The rate of smoking in an office was 68.3% and the rate of smoking within the nonsmoking areas of other public institutions was 43.0%. The results of multiple regression analysis with the actual state of smoking within the nonsmoking area of other public institutions as an independent variable revealed that smokers who check for a nonsmoking area before smoking in the public institutions and who do not smoke in an office do not smoke within the nonsmoking areas of other public institutions. In conclusion, more smoking and health education for public workers is needed to reduce the rate of national smoking and allow people to have a good smoking attitude, and it is required to arrange an institutional system who can strictly control public workers' smoking in their offices or public places and to stress a function of surveillance and monitoring by nonsmokers.

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성별에 따른 흡연자의 금연의도 관련 요인 (Factors Affecting Intention to Quit Smoking of Current Smokers by Gender)

  • 노영민;이예진;김지연;노진원
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제19권9호
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    • pp.321-328
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 흡연자의 금연의도의 관련 요인을 파악하고 성별 간의 차이를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이에 지역사회건강조사 2017년 자료를 사용하였으며, 39,435명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 자료의 분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 이분형 로지스틱회귀분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 성별, 연령, 결혼상태, 교육수준, 가구소득, 주관적 건강수준, 금연시도 경험, 금연캠페인 노출경험, 금연교육 경험, 하루 흡연량이 흡연자의 금연의도와 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 여성 흡연자와 다르게 남성 흡연자는 교육수준과 가구소득이 금연의도와 연관이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 흡연자 중 낮은 교육수준과 저소득층을 대상으로 한 금연캠페인과 교육이 필요하며, 특히 성별 차이를 고려한 중재 프로그램의 개발이 필요함을 시사한다.

300인 미만 사업장근로자의 6개월 이내 재흡연 관련요인 (Factors Related to Smoking Recurrence within Six-months Smoking Cessation among Employees in Enterprises with Smaller than 300 Workers)

  • 진병준;김철웅;이승은;임효빈;이태용
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with smoking relapse within six months after quit attempts among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea. Methods: The analysis was conducted for a total of 194 people who attempted to quit smoking by applying for a smoking cessation support service at the Regional Tobacco Control Center. The data used in the study were extracted from the Smoking Cessation Service Integrated Information System. Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to identify variables associated with smoking relapse within six months' time period. Results: Smoking relapse rate within six months was 66.0%, and variables associated with relapse included the cases such as carbon monoxide (CO) at the time of registration (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.10~4.22 for CO ≥20 ppm or more vs.CO <10 ppm), the average number of cigarettes smoked per day (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00~1.07), and the number of counseling(HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.54~0.67). Conclusion: Smoking characteristics and counseling showed one of the strongest correlations with relapse within six months. This implies that it is necessary to understand the smoking characteristics and patterns of workers and to provide continuous smoking cessation counseling tailored to individual characteristics for effective smoking relapse prevention.

일부 산업장 남성근로자들의 흡연,음주실태에 따른 혈압 및 혈액검사치의 특성 (Properties of Blood Pressure and Routine Laboratory Test Results by the Status of Smoking and Alcohol Intakes in Male Workers)

  • 유창균;정용준;조영채
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.131-145
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to estimate the incidence and the degree of cigarette smoking and drinking among working men, and then to investigate the effects on blood pressure, various hematological indices and blood chemistry. The sample consisted of 2,287 male workers who had undertaken a general health check-up during the two-year period from January, 2000 to December, 2001. Such factors as blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles, and liver function tests were determined and then analyzed with respect to the subjects smoking and/or drinking status. The major findings from this study are: 1. The drinking and smoking status have shown that 52.7% of participants were in the habit of both drinking and smoking while 11.6% were not associated with either. On the other hand 25.4% were involved only in drinking and 10.2% only in smoking. In the group smoking over 21 cigarettes per day over 30, the age group occupied the largest proportion at 20.1%. 2. Regarding the relationship between smoking and/or drinking status, and blood pressure, hematology and blood chemistry, the smoking and/or drinking group had significantly higher levels of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, Hb & Hct, TG, LDL-C, SGOT, and ${\gamma}$-GTP, than the non-smoking and/or non-drinking group. But HDL-C was significantly lower in the smoking group and significantly higher in the drinking group than the non-smoking/non-drinking group. 3. Regarding amount smoked, a larger number of cigarettes per day was significantly associated with the higher levels of blood pressure, systolic and diatolic, TG, TC, LDL-C, Hb, Hct, and ${\gamma}$-GTP. As for the amount druck, an increasing amount of alcohol intake was associated with rising levels of blood pressure, systolic and diatolic, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Hb, SGOT, and ${\gamma}$-GTP. 4. Regarding the correlation among all the variables stated above, the smoking and drinking amount was shown to be in the positive correlation with blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, TG, TC, Hb, and ${\gamma}$-GTP. On the contrary, LDL-C and HDL-C was in a positive correlation only with the amount drunk amount, and Hct only with the amount smoked. 5. As with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the odds ratio of the smoking group was 2.35 and 2.58 compared to the non-smoking/drinking group. whereas it was 1.47 and 1.75 in the smoking/drinking group. Concerning serum lipids, the smoking/drinking group had 1.97 times the levels of TG in the non-smoking/non-drinking group, though the smoking group had 1.55 times the levels of HDL-C in the non-smoking/non-drinking group. As with liver function test results, the drinking group had 2.50 times and the smoking/drinking group had 4.41 times the levels of ${\gamma}$-GTP in the non-smoking/drinking group. respectively. The above results revealed that smoking and alcohol intake were effected the results of blood pressure and laboratory tests. Specifically, not only the smoking/drinking group but also those only smoking or only drinking were not as desirable as the non-smoking and non-drinking group to the results of blood pressure and laboratory tests.

흡연이 운동에 미치는 단기 효과 (Immediate Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise)

  • 최강현;최철준;김용태;임채만;고윤석;김우성;김원동
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.511-516
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    • 1992
  • 연구배경 : 장기적 흡연이 폐암이나 만성폐쇄성폐질환등의 폐질환 및 여러 심장질환의 위험인자인 것은 잘 알려져 있으나 흡연이 단기적으로 운동시 호흡기 및 심혈관계 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 흡연시에는 일산화탄소를 흡입하으로, 일산화탄소 흡입후 운동시에 나타나는 호흡수, 심박수, 호흡량 및 심장출량의 증가와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 흡연후 운동시에도 관찰될 것으로 예상된다. 목적 : 흡연의 운동부하시 심폐기능에 대한 단기적 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 흡연자 13명을 대상으로 시간당 3개피를 5시간 흡연한 흡연일 및 흡연하지 않고 100% 산소를 15분간 흡입한 금연일을 무작위 순서로 정하여 두 번 단계적 운동부하 검사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상자 13명의 평균 연령은 $25{\pm}4.9$세, 평균 흡연력은 $6{\pm}5$ pack-years였고, 금연일과 흡연일간 일반 폐기능검사의 결과에는 차이가 없었다. 혈중 일산화 탄소혈색소량의 평균은 금연일 $1.45{\pm}0.83%$, 흡연일에 $5.97{\pm}1.34%$로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 무산소역치는 금연일 $1.53{\pm}0.20$ L/min, 흡연일에 $1.33{\pm}0.24$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05) 최대산소섭취량은 금연일 $2.39{\pm}0.32$ L/min, 흡연일에 $2.09{\pm}0.32$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 안정시 심박수는 금연일에 분당 $75.46{\pm}5.83$회, 흡연일에 분당 $84.38{\pm}11.06$회로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.05) 최대심박수는 금연일에 $160.38{\pm}9.09$회, 흡연일에 $161.23{\pm}8.09$회로서 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 일반 폐기능검사는 양일간에 차이가 없었으나 금연일에 비해 흡연일에 무산소역치와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 관찰되어 흡연은 단기적으로 운동부하시 심혈관계장애를 초래한다고 사료되었다.

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대학생의 음주.흡연 예방교육 및 규제기준 마련을 위한 요구도 조사 (The Status of Health Education Program and the Needs of Restriction on Drinking and Smoking)

  • 방형애;임국환
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.143-156
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    • 2008
  • Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effective health education measures and health education programs for college students and also investigated the demands of restriction on drinking and smoking behavior in public area at the school level. Methods: The data were collected from 446 students of five universities located in Seoul and analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Results: 1) Current drinkers were average 87.7% (male 90.1%, female 85.3%) and binge drinker was 68.4% (male 76.5%, female 60.2%). Among all drinkers, 19.4% drank more than eight times per month. As for the rate of smoking, 50.9% among the male student, and 12.1% among females were smokers. Among all smokers. the largest group (41.5%) smoked between >$11{\sim}20$ cigarettes per day. Many of the students started smoking in their middle schools (male 29.8%, female 51.5%). It implies that smoking prevention programs need to be emphasized in these schools. 2) The analysis of the correlation between drinking and smoking shows that no smoking students who drank were 66.2%, but abstainer who is smoker were only 5.7%(p=0.004). Alcohol consumption frequency and amount of smokers were higher than those of nonsmokers (p=0.000). The rate of attempts to reduce drinking was 38.1%, mainly for health reason. More than 34.5% of smoking student had made attempts to quit smoking, but succeeded only 16.9%. 3) As for the needs of moderate drinking and smoking cessation education, 67.8% among female students and 53.6% among male demand special education programs. About effective health education measures on drinking and smoking, 49.3% of drinkers and 35.2% of smokers had an inclination for health educator, and the next were video, campaign and pamphlet. 4) The largest group (45.0%) of respondents had agreed to regulate on drinking behavior, and especially 74.5% of them wants to ban the practice in most public area in school. 35.7% among female students and 27.0% among male desired to extend the non-smoking area on whole campus. The health policy for college students, through various ways, such as education, counseling service, and special program on orientation, should be employed. For public health perspectives, university and college community had to institute the detailed enforcement regulation on drinking and smoking.

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흡연 중단시간에 따른 유산소운동 시 심혈관계 반응의 변화 (Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise during Acute Nicotine Abstinence)

  • 이선규;최현민;김종경;김찬호;노호성
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.532-537
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    • 2012
  • 흡연자의 단시간의 흡연 중단이 안정 시 및 저강도(40% of $VO_2max$), 중강도(60% of $VO_2max$)에서의 일회성 유산소성 운동 중에 나타내는 심혈관 반응의 차이를 알아보는데 있다. 따라서 성인 남성 흡연자를 대상으로 흡연 직후, 흡연 중단 24시간과 흡연 중단 48시간 경과 후의 안정 시, 저강도, 중강도의 강도별 사이클 에르고미터를 통한 일회성 유산소 운동 시 심혈관계 반응을 검토하였다. 이에 따른 결과 흡연 직후, 흡연 중단 24시간과 흡연 중단 48시간 경과 후의 안정 시, 저강도, 중강도의 수준의 운동 강도별 사이클 에르고미터를 통한 일회성 유산소 운동 시 SBP, DBP, MAP, HR에서 유의한 감소가 나타났다($p$<0.05). 또한, 안정 시와 중강도에서는 CO의 유의한 감소가 나타났다($p$<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 단시간의 흡연 중단은 교감신경의 항진상태를 완화시키고, 부교감신경계의 활성화로 인해 HR을 감소시킴으로써 안정 시와 동일 강도 유산소운동 시의 과도한 심혈관 반응을 완화키는 것으로 사료된다. 이를 통해 흡연자에게 있어 단기간의 흡연 금지만으로도 운동 중에 심혈관계 반응의 위험을 감소시킬 수 있다는 가능성을 나타냈다.

산업폐기물 소각장 근로자에서 요중 PAHs 대사산물과 혈중 aromatic-DNA adducts (Association of PAH-DNA adducts and Urinary PAH metabolites influenced by polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes in industrial wase incinerating workers)

  • 이경호;;최인미;최재욱;조수헌;강대희
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.303-311
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    • 2002
  • This study evaluated the concentrations of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrial waste incineration workers. The effect of genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes on urinary concentration of PAH metabolites was assessed. And, aromatic DNA adduct levels were also determined in total white blood cells. Fifty employees were recruited from a company handling industrial wastes located in Ansan, Korea: non-exposed group (n=21), exposed group (n=29). Sixteen ambient PAHs were determined by GC/MSD (NIOSH method) from personal breathing zone samples of nine subjects near incinerators. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), a major pyrene metabolite, was assayed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy after immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11 (SFS/IAC). Multiplex PCR was used for genotyping for GSTMI/TI and PCR-RFLP for genotyping of CYP1A1 (MspI and Ile/Val). PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral blood WBC were measured by the nuclease P1-enhanced postlabeling assay. Smoking habit, demographic and occupational information were collected by self-administered questionnaire. The range of total ambient PAH levels were 0.00-7.00 mg/㎥ (mean 3.31). Urinary 1-OHPG levels were significantly higher in workers handling industrial wastes than in those with presumed lower exposure to PAHs (p=0.006, by Kruskal-Wallis test). There was a statistically significant dose-response increase in 1-OHPG levels with the number of cigarettes consumed per day (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.686, p<0.001). Urinary 1-OHPG levels in occupationally exposed smoking workers were highest compared with non-occupationally exposed smokers (p=0.053, by Kruskal-Wallis test). Smoking and GSTMI genotype were significant predictors for log-transformed 1-OHPG by multiple regression analysis (overall model R²=0.565, p<0.001), whereas smoking was the only significant predictor for log-transformed aromatic DNA adducts (overall model R²=0.249, p=0.201). Aromatic DNA adducts was also a significantly correlation between log transferred urinary 1-OHPG levels (pearson's correlation coefficient=0.307, p=0.04). However, the partial correlation coefficient adjusting for Age, Sex, and cigarette consumption was not significant (r=0.154, p=0.169). The significant association exists only in individuals with the GSTMI null genotype (pearsons correlation coefficient=0.516, p=0.010; partial correlation coefficient adjusting for age, sex, and cigarette consumption, r=0.363, p=0.038). Our results suggest that the significant increase in urinary 1-OHPG in the exposed workers is due to higher prevalence of smokers among them, and that the association between urinary PAH metabolites and aromatic DNA adducts in workers of industrial waste handling may be modulated by GSTMI genotype. There results remain to be confirmed in future larger studies.

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남성 흡연자의 금연에 대한 관심도 및 관련 요인 (Interest in Smoking Cessation and Its Related Factors in Male Smokers)

  • 신택수;임영아;조영채
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.362-373
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 남성 흡연자들의 금연에 대한 관심도와 그에 관련된 요인을 규명하고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 D광역시청에 근무하고 있는 남성 공무원 중 조사시점에서 현재 흡연자인 593명으로 하였다. 조사는 2015년 10월에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문조사에 의하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 금연에 대한 관심도는 "관심 없음" 28.3%, "관심이 있으나 6개월 이내에 금연할 생각 없음" 45.7%, "관심이 있으며 6개월 이내에 금연할 것임" 26.0%로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 조사대상자의 금연에 대한 관심도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 "고용형태", "최초 흡연 연령", "1일 흡연량(담배 개피 수)", "아침에 일어나서 첫 번째 담배를 피울 때까지 걸리는 시간", "폐암 이환 가능성 인지", "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 이익"이 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 금연에 대한 관심도가 "관심 없음"군보다 "관심이 있으며 6개월 이내에 금연할 것임"군에서 "폐암 이환 가능성 인지", "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 이익" 및 "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 장애"가 높게 나타날 위험비가 유의하게 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 연구결과는 흡연에 의한 건강장애의 심각성의 인식이 금연에 대한 관심을 높이는 주요 요인이 되고 있음을 시사한다.