• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.318-328
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• 2007

Purpose: Because it is important to prevent adolescents from becoming involved in smoking, this study was done to explore important factors influencing cigarette use and the increase in smoking frequency. Method: For this study the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) was analyzed. Because the KYPS is longitudinal, a fixed effect regression method was used to control for the effects of time-independent factors. More specifically, a logistic regression was used to explore factors affecting cigarette use, and a Poisson regression was used to explore smoking frequency. Result: As the adolescents got older, the number of male adolescents who tried smoking increased, while the number of female adolescents who tried smoking decreased. Also, the frequency of cigarette use among male and female smokers increased over time. Significant factors affecting cigarette use were friends who smoked, delinquent behavior, and loneliness at schools. Important factors affecting the increase in smoking frequency were grade (e.g., the 2nd- and 3rd-year of middle school), friends who smoked, delinquent behavior, monthly pocket money, expectation for the highest level of education, and attack tendency. Conclusions: To solve the problems linked to adolescent smoking, it is critical to develop intervention programs that target specific homogeneous subgroups of smokers, and that take into consideration gender difference in smoking and factors affecting levels of smoking behavior.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2017

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has rapidly increased. Even though e-cigarettes are actually not smoking cessation alternative supplies, some people perceive them as smoking cessation alternative supplies. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between e-cigarette experiences and smoking cessation behaviors among Korean adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 7,550 participants of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014. A total of 867 participants who were current smokers were enrolled in this study. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between the smoking cessation behavior and the e-cigarette experience. Results: The e-cigarette experience rate of current smokers was 22.1%. The e-cigarette experience rate was higher in groups with the higher income, the higher education level, and the white collar jobs. Smokers with experience of smoking cessation (odds ratio [OR], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67 to 5.76) and with intention to smoking cessation in the future (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.43) were more likely to experience the e-cigarette. Especially, smokers who used smoking cessation alternative supplies were more likely to experience the e-cigarette than smokers who did not use it (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.59 to 5.18). Conclusion: We confirmed that e-cigarette experiences were associated with smoking cessation experience, smoking cessation plan, and use of smoking cessation aid among smokers in Korea. Additional studies should be continued to confirm whether e-cigarette are continuously influencing the smoking cessation of current smokers in South Korea as one of the smoking cessation alternative supplies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.477-481
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• 2017

We report a case of a 51 years old female with a 25 pack year smoking history who underwent bilateral mastectomy and immediate tissue expander reconstruction for newly diagnosed right breast cancer. The patient reported herself as a non-smoker despite significant e-cigarette use, with resulting significant mastectomy skin flap necrosis and breast reconstruction failure. Little is known about the physiologic effect of e-cigarettes on wound healing and tissue perfusion. To this end, we provide an updated review of the impact of e-cigarettes on surgical outcomes. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and PRS GO were searched for the terms "e-cigarette", "electronic cigarette", "e-cig", "electronic nicotine delivery system", "vaping", "surgery", "surgical", "peri-operative", "operate", "operative", and "wound healing". Abstract review of all articles was performed. 123 articles returned that contained both variants of e-cigarettes and surgery as keywords. Of those, manual assessment returned three articles which were found to be relevant to e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. No articles were found that compared perioperative complications in e-cigarette versus traditional cigarette users in humans. In conclusion, our case report depicts the potential dangers associated with e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. There is a public misconception that e-cigarettes are healthier than traditional cigarettes and as such their use may go unreported by patients. Early evidence suggests e-cigarettes may induce some of the same physiologic changes as traditional cigarettes, and may have a significant deleterious effect on wound healing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.608-617
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors in relation to usage of illicit substances for Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which used data from the Twelfth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). A total of 65,528 students in 2016 were included in this study. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing related factors using illicit substances. Results: Overall, 553 (0.8%) students responded as having ever used illicit substances during their lifetime and 133 (0.2%) students responded as current illicit substance users. It was found that electronic cigarette (EC) use, conventional cigarette smoking, second hand smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated factors with usage of illicit substances. Comparing 'current EC users' with 'never EC users', the adjusted odds ratios (OR) was 7.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.56-10.82) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 18.74 (95% CI: 8.01-43.87) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Additionally, comparing 'students who ever were exposed to second hand smoking during the past week', with 'students who never were exposed to second hand smoking', the adjusted OR was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.13-3.17) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.68-4.83) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Conclusions: Based on the results, electronic cigarette use, second hand smoking, conventional cigarette smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated with increased odds of substance experience and current substance use. Therefore, the results of this study can provide a useful evidence about adolescent behaviors in predicting substance use.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.9-12
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• 1999

Up to the 60's cigarette paper commercial grades were simply described as ' non combustible ', ' combustible ' or ' extra-combustible '. It was assumed that combustibility of the paper itself was correlated with cigarette combustibility. Since then, the characteristics of cigarette paper, like natural porosity and burning additives, which influence truly cigarette combustibility, have been described by various authors and it became clear to cigarette designers that paper combustibility was not generally a significant factor governing cigarette combustibility. On the other hand, for Roll Your Own(RYO)wrapping papers, the ECPCI has proposed to the CORESTA RYO Task Force to use paper combustibility, and specially the LCT test, to classify papers between low and high smoke delivery, and a new Task Force on PAPER COMBUSTIBILITY was recently set up to develop a recommended method. The objective of this presentation Is to show results demonstrating that for paper used on cigarettes, there is NO GENERAL CORTRELATION between PAPER and CIGARETTE combustibility. We will also show results confirming that, for the specific group of RYO booklet papers containing no burning additives, there is a correlation between paper combustibility and FCSA's Combustibility/smoke delivery. This apparent discrepancy will be explained by reviewing the role played by the various characteristics of cigarette paper in governing cigarette combustibility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.436-448
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• 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of e-cigarettes on oral health by investigating the association between the use of different tobacco products and oral health among Korean adults aged 19 years and older. Data from the 2017 Community Health Survey were used for the study. Respondents were divided into four groups: non-smokers, cigarette smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and users of both products. A sample of 228,357 respondents was selected for analysis. Twenty-four questionnaires with missing values (non-response or refusal) were excluded from the sample. A regression analysis was performed with oral as the dependent variable. A multivariate regression analysis showed a significant difference between cigarette smokers and users of both products when compared to the non-smokers. However, e-cigarette users showed a significant when the variables were correlated with age and gender. There was no significant difference in other dependent variables in a multivariate regression analysis. The results of the study indicated no association between e-cigarette use and oral health. More research is needed on factors such as amount and intensity of e-cigarette use.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to use case analysis and experimentations to examine the ignition characteristics of the cigarette lights on corrugated board and oils etc. As a result of the tested. The corrugated board could be ignited by cigarette light, but gasoline and lacquer thinner could seldom be ignited.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.12-21
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• 2000

The smoke from a burning cigarette is classified as mainstream, which is the smoke inhaled by the smoker during a puff, and sidestream, which is defined by ISO 10185 as all smoke which leaves a cigarette during the smoking process other than from the butt end. Most of the sidestream smoke is generated during static burn, that is, in between puffs. The amount of sidestream smoke generated by a cigarette depends on the cigarette construction, tobacco blend, and properties of the cigarette paper, The main paper properties affecting sidestream smoke generation are: porosity, basis weight, type and amount of filler, type and amount of burn additive.Sidestream smoke is composed of a visible phase (small liquid droplets) and an invisible phase (gaseous molecules). This paper focuses on the visible portion of the sidestream smoke. Optical methods, which are based on the relationship between light scattering and density of the rising plume of smoke, have been used successfully by the industry. However, the present trend is to use gravimetric methods where the particulate matter is captured on a Cambridge(R) filter pad and weighed. The gaseous portion of the sidestream smoke, which does not contribute to the visible sidestream smoke, passes through the Cambridge filter pad.Sidestream smoke reduction is achieved by modifying certain mass transport processes occurring in a smoldering cigarette. There are four main pathways for reducing sidestream smoke: A) less tobacco burned, B) slower rate of tobacco combustion, C) more efficient trapping of smoke by the cigarette paper, and D) more complete combustion of tobacco. This paper discusses how the physical properties of paper and cigarette construction affect sidestream smoke reduction via the above four mechanisms.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarrettes) were recently introduced and advertised as a smoking cession device in South Korea. As the social norm to quit smoking has gained hold in the country, the number of e-cigarette users is growing rapidly. This phenomenon should be urgently considered, because of the lack of research that has been conducted to examine the safety of e-cigarettes and its efficacy as a smoking cessation aid. This paper raises several public health concerns on e-cigarettes in South Korea. Uncertain regulations of the government on e-cigarettes are contributing to an increase of e-cigarette users and allowing the e-cigarette industry to circumvent existing regulations. The aggressive marketing activity of this industry is also a core factor that is responsible for the rapid increase of e-cigarette use, in particular among the youth. Following the enforcement of tobacco control, some cigarette smokers may be encouraged to purchase e-cigarettes in order to circumvent the regulations, even though the dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette may be more harmful. Until there is clear evidence of the e-cigarette’s safety, it is recommended that the industry’s marketing and promotional activities be banned and closely monitored, and public campaigns be initiated to educate the public regarding e-cigarettes.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.205-219
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• 1994

Cigarette butts from 5 smokers were gathered and then, placed in room temperature for 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 days. The possible use of the cigarette butts for individual identification was evaluated in sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus, polymorphisms of HLA-DQA1 gene from the extracted DNA. 1. DNA extraction was possible in cigarette butts weree left in room temperature for 15days, so it can be applicatable to individual identification by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). 2. Amplification of X-Y homologous amelogenin gene by PCR made it possible to identify the sex in saliva stains (cigarette butts). 3. Amplification of D1S80 locus can be acquired from adding the boving serum albumin and hot start PCR procedures from forensic samples such as saliva stains (cigarette butts), so the AMP-FLPs examining is possible. 4. Genotype could be determined simply and rapidly using Amplitype$TM$ HLA-DQ$\alpha$ forensic kit in examining the HLA-DQA1 gene. From the investigation, DNA extraction, sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus, polymorphisms of HLA-DQA1 gene was successfully done even though the cigarette butts were left for 15 days at room temperature. Therefore cigarette butts are highly reliable and applicatable as molecular biologic samples for individual identification.