• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2023

Purpose: Although heated tobacco product (HTP) use among adolescents is an emerging public health problem, little is known about the frequency and quantity of HTP use. Thus, we investigated the associations between the frequency and quantity of HTP use and smoking characteristics (i.e., combustible cigarette [CC] and electronic cigarette [EC] use, and attempts to quit smoking) among CC-smoking adolescents. Methods: We analyzed nationally representative data from 2,470 Korean adolescents who were current CC smokers. To investigate our aim, we conducted multinomial logistic and logistic regression analyses. Results: We found that daily and heavier CC users had greater likelihoods of more frequent and heavier HTP use. In addition, dual users of CCs and ECs were more likely to use HTPs more frequently and heavily than CC users who did not use ECs. Moreover, daily EC users had the highest risk of frequent and heavy HTP use. The frequency and quantity of HTP use were not associated with attempts to quit smoking. Compared to CC-only use, dual use of CCs and HTPs was not associated with quitting attempts, and triple use of CCs, ECs, and HTPs was associated with a lower likelihood of quitting attempts. Conclusion: HTP use was less likely to displace CC use and promote attempts to quit smoking. Thus, strict regulations are required to prevent the promotion of HTPs as a substitute for CCs or as a means of quitting smoking. Additionally, health professionals should consider preventive interventions for HTP, as well as CC and EC use among adolescents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2014

Tobacco use is the most important preventable risk factor for premature death. The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first international public health treaty, came into force in 2005. This paper reviews the present status of tobacco control policies in Korea according to the WHO FCTC recommendations. In Korea, cigarette use is high among adult males (48.2% in 2010), and cigarette prices are the lowest among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries with no tax increases since 2004. Smoke-free policies have shown incremental progress since 1995, but smoking is still permitted in many indoor public places. More than 30% of non-smoking adults and adolescents are exposed to second-hand smoke. Public education on the harmful effects of tobacco is currently insufficient and the current policies have not been adequately evaluated. There is no comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, or sponsorship in Korea. Cigarette packages have text health warnings on only 30% of the main packaging area, and misleading terms such as "mild" and "light" are permitted. There are nationwide smoking cessation clinics and a Quitline service, but cessation services are not covered by public insurance schemes and there are no national treatment guidelines. The sale of tobacco to minors is prohibited by law, but is poorly enforced. The socioeconomic inequality of smoking prevalence has widened, although the government considers inequality reduction to be a national goal. The tobacco control policies in Korea have faltered recently and priority should be given to the development of comprehensive tobacco control policies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.511-516
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• 1992

연구배경 : 장기적 흡연이 폐암이나 만성폐쇄성폐질환등의 폐질환 및 여러 심장질환의 위험인자인 것은 잘 알려져 있으나 흡연이 단기적으로 운동시 호흡기 및 심혈관계 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 흡연시에는 일산화탄소를 흡입하으로, 일산화탄소 흡입후 운동시에 나타나는 호흡수, 심박수, 호흡량 및 심장출량의 증가와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 흡연후 운동시에도 관찰될 것으로 예상된다. 목적 : 흡연의 운동부하시 심폐기능에 대한 단기적 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 흡연자 13명을 대상으로 시간당 3개피를 5시간 흡연한 흡연일 및 흡연하지 않고 100% 산소를 15분간 흡입한 금연일을 무작위 순서로 정하여 두 번 단계적 운동부하 검사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상자 13명의 평균 연령은 $25{\pm}4.9$세, 평균 흡연력은 $6{\pm}5$ pack-years였고, 금연일과 흡연일간 일반 폐기능검사의 결과에는 차이가 없었다. 혈중 일산화 탄소혈색소량의 평균은 금연일 $1.45{\pm}0.83%$, 흡연일에 $5.97{\pm}1.34%$로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 무산소역치는 금연일 $1.53{\pm}0.20$ L/min, 흡연일에 $1.33{\pm}0.24$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05) 최대산소섭취량은 금연일 $2.39{\pm}0.32$ L/min, 흡연일에 $2.09{\pm}0.32$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 안정시 심박수는 금연일에 분당 $75.46{\pm}5.83$회, 흡연일에 분당 $84.38{\pm}11.06$회로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.05) 최대심박수는 금연일에 $160.38{\pm}9.09$회, 흡연일에 $161.23{\pm}8.09$회로서 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 일반 폐기능검사는 양일간에 차이가 없었으나 금연일에 비해 흡연일에 무산소역치와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 관찰되어 흡연은 단기적으로 운동부하시 심혈관계장애를 초래한다고 사료되었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.781-789
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• 2006

Purpose: This study is to examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on smoking cessation for male adult in rural areas. Method: Research design was nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The samples were 90 male adults(Experimental: 40, Control: 40) in a community. Measures were the number of cigarette smoking per day, dependency on nicotine, and need for smoking. Auricular acupressure therapy, experimental treatment was applied for 2 weeks, 2 times/week, 3 day/time. Data were collected from June 2005 to December 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, were used for each aim of this study. Results: The number of cigarette smoking per day (t= 13.230, p=.000), dependency on nicotine (t=-29.743, p=.000), and need for smoking (t=-19.799, p=.000) were significantly decreased in the experimental group by application of the auricular acupressure therapy. Conclusion: Auricular Acupressure Therapy can be a better effective primary nursing intervention on smoking cessation for male adults in rural areas through reverification by a study of repetition.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

Objectives: This study is purpose to recognition the of smoking behavior and the electronic cigarette of university students have a current smoking. Methods: The subjects were university living in Busan, the survey was conducted from March 23 to April 12, 2015, 314 except for 24 copies of non-response and error response among a total of 340 questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis methods used in this study are $x^2$-test, Linear Regression Analysis and other basic statistics such frequency, percentage using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Electronic cigarette has been analyzed to be recognized non smoking, smoking reduces, good health than conventional cigarettes, convenient to use, there is no smell, can smoke in any place and as safe. Gender, grade, non smoking experience, non smoking and accept factors were analyzed to influence the use of electronic cigarettes. Conclusions: We suggest an established institutional arrangements and regulations, take advantage of various health programs development, and ongoing health education.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.33-49
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• 2006

Background & Objectives: This study was designed to examine relationships between smoking behavior and smoking attitudes among 6th-grade students in Korea in order to provide knowledge on school-based programs for preventing adolescent smoking behaviors. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 464 students attending three public elementary schools in O city from June 13 to June 16, 2006. The total sample size is 458 (response rate = 98.7%). Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabulation, and multiple regression. Results: First, smoking behavior was significantly influenced by the factors of gender, self-concept, family structure, sibling smoking, school achievement, relationship with teachers, satisfaction with school life, and smoking friends. Theprevalence of ever-smoking was 12.7% among 6th grade students in this study. Students were most likely to initiate smoking in the 5thgrade with curiosity and smoke at their own home. Second, students showed negative attitude toward smoking overall. From the detailed section, students respondednegatively about smoking in public places while they thought that adult smoking with moderate level was okay. Student who showed positive attitudes toward smoking in the present study were significantly related to the factors of self-concept, family environment, parental and sibling smoking status, school achievement, satisfaction with school life, and smoking friends. Third, Students who had tried cigarette smoking were likely to report less negative attitudes toward tobacco than non-smoking students. Fourth, this study found that smoking friends were the most significant predictor of positives smoking attitudes. Other factors significantlyassociated with smoking attitudes were gender, relationship with friends, self-concept, relationship with teachers, paternal smoking status. Conclusions: The study results suggest that smoking prevention programs focus on resisting peer influence and need to be community-incorporated and/or comprehensive from elementary to high school.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.181-193
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify population subgroups with similar patterns of diet quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking of Korean. The cluster analysis was conducted using the data from Korea National Health Survey(KNHS) in 1995, which consisted of 5,805 persons. We identified six health behavior typologies : 32.9% of the sample had a good diet but sedentary activity level(good diet lifestyle), 7.2% had high activity level but less diet quality(fitness lifestyle). Individuals in the passive lifestyle cluster(39.1%) had no active health promoting activities but tended to avoid risk taking health behavior such as cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. 1.1% of the sample were in a drinking cluster, 17.2% in a smoking cluster and 2.5% had a hedonic lifestyle characterized by heavy drinking and smoking. The other characteristics of these lifestyle clusters could be presented by demographic and socioeconomic factors.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2010

Tobacco plants absorb cadmium from soil and accumulate it in high concentrations in their leaves. Additionally, a significant portion of the cadmium contained in cigarettes passes into the smoke. Cadmium is known to be a toxic and carcinogenic compound that has harmful effects on the human body due to smoking. In this study, the concentrations of cadmium in the Ky3R4F reference cigarette and two commercial cigarettes were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Each cigarette sample was partitioned into a tobacco rod and filter and then analyzed in order to determine the concentration of cadmium. The concentrations of cadmium in the mainstream smoke, ash, residue, and cigarette butt were also analyzed after the cigarettes were smoked under ISO smoking conditions. Transfer rates of the cadmium from the tobacco rod to the mainstream smoke, ash, and cigarette butt were 0.8 ~ 5%, 17 ~ 22%, and 5 ~ 7%, respectively. As a result, we estimated that the sidestream smoke contained about 70% of the cadmium from the tobacco rod.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was examine the relationship between smoking, general characteristics, and serum lipids in the normal adult. The subjects consist of 6,800 persons (male ; 4,309(63.4%), female ; 2,491(36.6%)) in A hospital in Kyungki-Do. The collected data were analyzed using T-test, and Multiple Regression by SPSS/WIN program. The result were following ; 1. Cigarette smoking was associated with decreased serum HDL cholesterol level (p<.001). 2. Serum LDL cholesterol level was not statistically correlated with smoking tend to level by 5.77mg/dl respectively. 3. Cigarette smoking was associated with elevated serum Triglyceride level (p<.001). 4. By using regression, HDL cholesterol level was negatively correlated with obesity and alcohol.. HDL cholesterol level was positively correlated with exercise. LDL cholesterol level was positively correlated with diet and obesity.　Triglyceride level was positively correlated with obesity and　alcohol. In conclusion, Smoking was the most correlated with Triglyceride among the serum lipid and Serum lipid was the most correlated with obesity. Thus, it is necessary to quit smoke and weight control for prevention from disease such as coronary heart disease and lung cancer.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2002년도 제10회 춘계 심포지움 연제집
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• pp.89-89
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• 2002