• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2012

In this study, the method for heat treating wood using superheated steam (SHS) was designed and applied. The physical and mechanical properties of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.) lumber heat-treated by SHS at $170^{\circ}C$ and 0.4 MPa for 10 hours were compared with those of non-treated and normal heat-treated wood. The amount of adsorbed water and equilibrium moisture content of the SHS treated wood were lower than non-treated wood. On the other hand the compressive strength parallel to grain and the bending strength of SHS treated wood were higher than those of non-treated wood. The hygroscopicity of SHS treated wood was similar to normal heat treated wood at $220^{\circ}C$. Internal checks that often occur during normal heat treatment were not developed at SHS treatment. Also, SHS treatment are effective in control of internal checks occurrence and resin exudation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.781-789
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• 2011

We studied the biological activities, including antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, anti-proliferative activities, and immunological activities of brown rice and germinated brown rice. We examined the DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power of 70% ethanol extracts from some cultivars of brown rice and germinated brown rice. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol contents of the extracts were measured with spectrophotometric methods. The Hongjinjubeyo brown rice and germinated brown rice extracts showed markedly higher antioxidative activity than those of 70% ethanol extracts from other cultivars. The 70% ethanol extracts from brown rice and germinated brown rice had the most effective anti-proliferative activity (cytotoxicity) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) compared to colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116). A $500\;{\mu}g$/mL concentration of 70% Hongjinjubyeo ethanol extract had higher macrophage and mitogenic activities of immunological activity than other cultivars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.832-838
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• 2011

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of rice cookies prepared with various levels of amylose content were investigated in this study. Dough pH of Jinsumi and Milyang 261 cookies was decreased by addition of rice flour. Density of dough with 100% substituted Jinsumi flour had the largest value of 1.09 g/mL, whereas that of Milyang 261 cookies showed no significant difference. Spread ratio of cookies was the largest in the cookies containing Jinsumi, and Milyang 261 constituted the 50% group. Preservation ability of Milyang 261 cookies surpassed above 30%. Lightness of Jinsumi and Milyang 261 cookies increased with increasing rice flour content. The results of our sensory evaluation demonstrated that the control sample was significantly more preferable in terms of overall acceptability compared to others. These results suggest that adding 30% Milyang 261 flour is the best substitution ratio for rice cookies.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.167-181
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• 2008

The prevention of life-style related diseases is an increasingly important issue in Japan, because not only have the number of patients with life-style related diseases increased but also medical care costs. This paper gives recent strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases through life-style modification. Health objectives for the year 2010, called "Healthy Japan 21", were established in 2000 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Health Promotion Act was enacted in 2002 to promote this health policy. However, the prevention efforts for life-style related diseases have not been effective in regard to the evaluation of the strategy objectives. The reform of the medical care system which included a new nationwide prevention strategy for life-style related diseases was presented in 2006. The new strategy starting from April 2008 included a "specific health checkup" and "specific health education" for those with metabolic syndrome. The specific health checkup is used to screen people according to criteria of the metabolic syndrome and divide them into 3 groups. These groups will receive specific health education. The purpose of this strategy is the early detection of those who have cardiovascular risk factors, and the early management of the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors of obese people aged 40-74 years old. It is mandatory for every insurer to conduct a specific health checkup and specific health education under the new Act. The implementation rate of the specific health checkup and the specific health education, and a reduction rate of individuals with metabolic syndrome among insured people will be evaluated every year. The national objective is to increase the rate of those undergoing the specific health checkup to 80% and the rate of those receiving the specific health education to 60% by the year 2015. The national objective also targeted a reduction rate of 25% for those with metabolic syndrome. This new strategy will be the biggest intervention trial in the world, and it will produce a big health care market in Japan. Not only public administrative institutions but also private institutions are now preparing to take part in this new strategy. However, various tasks remain, such as training more professionals in health education, developing more evidence based practices, and encouraging cooperation with various sectors, to enforce this new strategy.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.41-51
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• 2006

The influence of land use and pollutant source on water quality was investigated using 3-yrs monitoring data major influent stream in Hwaong reservoir watershed. The seven water quality station (N1, N2, J1, J3, J4, E2, E3) were used analysis of land use and pollutant effect, and six water quality station (N3, N4, J2, J5, E1, E4) were used analysis of waster quality status. Water quality parameter were positively correlated with residential and forest, negatively with paddy and upland especially during dry period. During wet period, correlation between land use and water quality was less apparent. Population and livestock density was correlated well to water quality parameter than just number of population and livestock. The watersheds studied are mainly non-urban and their land uses are similar to typical watershed of other estuarine reservoirs, therefore, the correlation developed in this study might be helpful to manage other estuarine reservoir watersheds.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.195-208
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• 2013

We employed electrical resistivity and optical borehole imaging methods to identify underground cavities and determine ground subsidence rate at the study area affected by land subsidence due to abandoned underground mines. At the study site 1, the anomalous zones of low resistivity ranging between 100 ohm-meter and 150 ohm-meter were observed and confirmed as an abandoned underground mine by subsequent borehole drilling and optical borehole imaging. Although the electrical resistivity survey was unavailable due to the paved surface of the study site 2, we were able to locate another abandoned underground mine with the collapsed mine shaft based on the distribution of the ore veins and confirmed it with borehole drilling. In addition, we measured vertical displacements of underground features indicating underground subsidence by conducting optical borehole imaging 6 times over a period of 43 days at the study site 2. The displacement magnitude at the deep segment caused by subsidence appeared to be 3 times larger than those at the shallow segment. Similarly, the displacement duration at the deep segment was 4 times longer than those at the shallow segment. Therefore, the combination of electrical resistivity and optical borehole imaging methods can be effectively applicable to detect and monitor ground subsidence caused by underground cavities.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2017

This paper presents mechanical properties and carbonation behavior of the recycled aggregate concretes(RAC) in which natural aggregate was replaced by recycled coarse aggregate and fine aggregate by specified concrete strength levels(21, 35, 50MPa). A total of 18 RAC were produced and classified into six series, each of which included three mixes designed with three specified concrete strength levels of 21MPa, 35MPa and 50MPa and three recycled aggregate replacement ratios of 0, 50 and 100%. Physical and mechanical properties of RAC were tested for slump test, compressive strength, and carbonation depth. The test results indicated that the slump of RAC could be improved or same by recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratios, when compared with natural aggregate. But slump of RAC was decreased as the recycled fine aggregate replacement ratios increase. Also, the test results showed that the compressive strength was decreased as the recycled aggregate replacement ratios increased and it had a conspicuous tendency to decrease when the content of the recycled aggregate exceeded 50%. Furthermore, the result indicated that the measured carbonation depth increases by 40% with the increase of the recycled aggregate replacement. In the case of the concrete having low level compressive strength, the increase of carbonation depth tends to be higher when using the RCA. However, the trend of carbonation resistivity in high level compressive strength concrete is similar to that obtained in natural aggregate concrete. Therefore, an advance on the admixture application and mix ratio control are required to improve the carbonation resistivity when using the recycled aggregate in large scale.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate composition of understory vegetation and indicator species by altitude and slope azimuth in Mt. Gyebang designated as Protected Area for Forest Genetic Resource Conservation and National Park. Tracheophytes were 350 taxa; 80 families, 203 genera, 303 species, 38 varieties, 5 forma and 4 sub-species in research area. The species of greatest importance value were Tripterygium regelii (9.143%), Acer pseudosieboldianum (7.594%), Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa (6.347%) in the shrub layer and were Sasa borealis (8.653%), Isodon excisus (2.936%) and Carex siderosticta (2.897%). In the herb layer as a result of NMS analysis, the distribution range of the major species were found to be affected by the altitude (shrub layer: $R^2$ > 0.3, herb layer: $R^2$ > 0.6). The result of plexus diagram analysis showed that Acer pseudosieboldianum was associated with Magnolia sieboldii, Acer barbinerve, Euonymus oxyphyllus etc. in the shrub layer; Meehania urticifolia was associated with Aconitum jaluense, Veratrum oxysepalum, Prunus padus etc. in the herb layer. The significant indicator species were analyzed for 60 species by the altitude and investigated for 30 species in accordance with the slope azimuth. As a consequence of MRPP, interspecies composition along the altitude group was heterogeneous and the species composition according to the azimuth slope was extremely different between the NE and SW.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1393-1401
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• 2010

In this experimental study, we have examined the correlation between a human carpal motion and a surface electromyogram. The carpal motion patterns have been identified and the main muscles involved in the carpal motion have been determined by investigating the anatomical structure of a carpal. The torque acting against the carpal motion has been applied by using a device for carpal rehabilitation training, and the surface electromyogram signal corresponding to the torque at the main muscles has been measured. The root-mean-square (RMS) magnitude of the surface electromyogram signal has been calculated and used to analyze the correlation between the surface electromyogram signal and carpal motion. The experimental results have proved that for carpal torque values below $0.1\;N{\cdot}m$, the RMS magnitude of the surface electromyogram signal is linearly proportional to the carpal torque magnitude and that the carpal torque magnitude is linearly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the carpal muscles. Further, the analysis of the contribution of each muscle to the carpal motion has shown that the contribution of the most dominant muscle is consistently 60%. These three results can be applied to develop more sophisticated devices or robots for carpal rehabilitation training.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 1985

In order to determine the epidemiological pattern of the Paragonimus westermani, the infestation rates for the cercarial and metacer-carial larvae of digenetic trematodes in the snail and crayfish hosts, and the prevalence of Paragonimus westermani among the residents in the vicinity of the stream Namdae, Wyangpi, and Kwang, in the Ulchin county, Kyungpook Province were studied from March to October in 1984. The population density of the snails per square meter of the habitats ranged from 5 to 25, with an average of 15. Among the seven habitats, one, Ducheon, had snails infested with the cercariae of Paragonimus westermani, and the proportion of infested snails was very low, the average being 0.152 per thousand. Of six hundred and four crayfish examined, 113 or 18.7 per cent harboured the encysted larvae of Paragonimus westermani. A high infestation rate for the metacercariae in the crayfish was found in two habitats; 39.0 per cent in the Ducheon and 21. 6 per cent m the Sokwang. The prevalence of Paragonimus westermani among the residents in Ulchin county was relatively high, 25.8 per cent by the Paragonimus intradermal tests, and the difference in the rate of infection between males and females was found to be significant (t>2). The results obtained in this study indicate that endemic foci of Paragonimus westermani exist in Ulchin county and the prevalence of this lung fluke among the residents is relatively high.