• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2022

In recent years, research into medicinal herbs with antioxidative activities has increased. Chrysanthemum morifolium and Chrysanthemum indicum are aromatic herb plants and that have long been used in traditional Vietnamese medicine. This study aims to evaluate the chemical compositions and antioxidative activities of essential oils hydrodistilled from the flower heads of C. morifolium and C. indicum. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were compared using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antioxidative activity was determined and evaluated spectroscopically by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays. According to the GC/MS results, chrysanthenone was predominant in the essential oils of both C. morifolium (64.14%) and C. indicum (32.02%). This is the first report of the identification of chrysanthenone as a major constituent of the essential oil of C. morifolium. Both Chrysanthemum oils were also revealed to possess antioxidant potential, exhibiting high antioxidative activities. In particular, the DPPH radical scavenging activities of the C. morifolium and C. indicum oils at a concentration of 100 mg/mL were 76.9 and 83.2%, respectively. The metal chelating values of C. morifolium and C. indicum were 0.85 and 0.76, whereas the reducing power values of that at 100 mg/mL were 0.76 and 0.71, respectively. This study provides the chemical properties of the essential oils of both C. morifolium and C. indicum grown in Vietnam and their potential antioxidant capacity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1288-1292
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• 2009

Volatile flavor compounds were isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (gamguk) produced in Korea and China by the hydro distillation, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of oils from Korean and Chinese gamguk were 2.0 and 0.5%(v/w), respectively. Sixty-three volatile compounds of Korean gamguk representing 89.28% of the total peak area were tentatively identified, including 35 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 6 ketones, 3 esters, 5 aldehydes, 1 oxide, and 1 miscellaneous component. Thirty-six volatile components of Chinese gamguk constituted 58.15% of the total volatile composition were tentatively characterized, consisting of 19 hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 2 ketones, 2 esters, 4 aldehydes, 1 oxide, and 1 miscellaneous component. The predominant components of Korean oil were ${\alpha}$-pinene, 1,8-cineol, and chrysanthenone. Whereas, camphor, ${\alpha}$-curcumene, and ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandrene were the main aroma compounds of Chinese gamguk.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2008

The aroma constituents of Chrysanthemum indicum L. were separated by the hydro distillation extraction method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower oil was 2.0% (w/w) and the color was light golden yellow. Sixty-three volatile flavor components, which make up 89.28% of the total aroma composition of the flower oil, were tentatively characterized. This essential oil contained 35 hydrocarbons (48.75%), 12 alcohols (19.92%), 6 ketones (15.31%), 3 esters (4.61%), 5 aldehydes (0.43%), 1 oxide (0.22%), and 1 miscellaneous component (0.04%). ${\alpha}$-Pinene (14.63%), 1,8-cineol (10.71%) and chrysanthenone (10.01%) were the predominant volatile components in Chrysanthemum indicum L., an aromatic medicinal herbaceous plant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2002

산국과 감국의 정유성분 조성의 차이점을 비교하기 위하여 수증기 증류에 의해 정유를 분리한 다음 GC-MS, GC를 이용한 표준품과 머무름 시간 비교 또는 문헌상의 각 성분의 RI값과 비교에 의해 성분을 동정하였다. 산국에서 분리한 정유에서는 94개 성분을 동정하였으며 그 중 GC peak area를 기준으로 했을 때 주요 구성성분은 camphor (15.40%), cis-chrysanthenol (14.11%), ${\alpha}-thujone$ (13.27%), 1,8-cineole (4.16%), ${\alpha}-pinene$ (3.80%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (3.58%), germacrene D (2.69%), camphene (2.40%), umbellulone (2.24%) 및 ${\beta}-pinene$ (2.00%) 등이었다. 감국에서 분리한 정유에서는 80개 성분을 동정하였으며, 주요 구성성분은 germacrene D (16.50%), camphor (10.04%) 이외에도 ${\alpha}-thujone$ (6.40%), ${\alpha}-pinene$ (4.50%), ${\alpha}-cadinol$ (3.97%), cam-phene (3.82%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (3.67%), zingiberene (3.64%), cis-chrysanthenol (3.45%), piperitone (3.09%), 1,8-cineole (2.61%) 및 chrysanthenone (2.42%) 등이었다. 산국과 감국의 정유성분 조성상의 차이점으로 산국의 정유에서는 감국에 비해 camphor, cis-chrysanthenol, ${\alpha}-thujone$, 1,8-cineole 및 umbellulone의 함유비율이 높은 반면 감국의 정유에서는 germacrene D, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$, ${\alpha}-cadinol$, zingiberene, cis-chrysanthenol 및 piperi-tone의 함유비율이 높은 것이 특징이었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2009

To fulfill the increasing demand for a high quality of flower, we investigated the effects of nitrogen application on plant growth, yield and bioactive compounds of Chrysanthemum indicum L.. C. indicum L. was cultivated in a pot scale, and nitrogen applied with the level of 0 (N0), 50 (N50), 100 (N100), 150 (N150), 200 (N200) and $300\;(N300)\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ to suggest optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization. Phosphate and potassium applied the same amount of $80-80\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ ($P_2O_5-K_2O$) in all treatments. Growth characteristics and yields of C. indicum L. were significantly affected by nitrogen application. Maximum yield achieved in 265 and $295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ N treatment on the whole plant and the flower parts, respectively. The nitrogen content and uptake of whole plant significantly increased by the increase of nitrogen application. Five major components of essential oil, $\alpha$-pinene, 1,8-cineol, chrysanthenone, germacrene-D, and $\alpha$-curcumene in flowerheads of C. indicum L. occupied approximately 40% of peak area, germacrene-D decreased by the increase of nitrogen application among them. However, cumambrin A contents in the flower parts of C. indicum L. were affected negatively by the increase of nitrogen application, but total yields of cumambrin A in flower part significantly increased. Conclusively, nitrogen fertilization could increase the yield of flowerheads. The optimum application level of nitrogen fertilizer might be on the range of $265-295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ in a mountainous soil.