• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2005

In this study, we chronicle the establishment of a novel transformation system for the unicellular marine green alga, Dunaliella salina. We introduced the CaMV35S promoter-GUS construct into D. salina with a PDS1000/He micro-particle bombardment system. Forty eight h after transformation, via histochemical staining, we observed the transient expression of GUS in D. salina cells which had been bombarded under rupture-disc pressures of 450 psi and 900 psi. We observed no GUS activity in either the negative or the blank controls. Our findings indicated that the micro-particle bombardment method constituted a feasible approach to the genetic transformation of D. salina. We also conducted tests of the cells' sensitivity to seven antibiotics and one herbicide, and our results suggested that 20 ${\mu}g$/ ml of Basta could inhibit cell growth completely. The bar gene, which encodes for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and confers herbicide tolerance, was introduced into the cells via the above established method. The results of PCR and PCR-Southern blot analyses indicated that the gene was successfully integrated into the genome of the transformants.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2019

This study combines the concept of degree centrality in complex network with the Term Frequency $^*$ Proportional Document Frequency ($TF^*PDF$) algorithm; the combined method, called PMCN (PDF-Modified similarity and Complex Network), constructs relationship networks among sentences for writing news summaries. The PMCN method is a multi-document summarization extension of the ideas of Bun and Ishizuka (2002), who first published the $TF^*PDF$ algorithm for detecting hot topics. In their $TF^*PDF$ algorithm, Bun and Ishizuka defined the publisher of a news item as its channel. If the PDF weight of a term is higher than the weights of other terms, then the term is hotter than the other terms. However, this study attempts to develop summaries for news items. Because the $TF^*PDF$ algorithm summarizes daily news, PMCN replaces the concept of "channel" with "the date of the news event", and uses the resulting chronicle ordering for a multi-document summarization algorithm, of which the F-measure scores were 0.042 and 0.051 higher than LexRank for the famous d30001t and d30003t tasks, respectively.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.903-920
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• 2020

Since its first demonstration as a practical genome editing tool in the early 2010s, the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) along with the endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has become an essential choice for generating targeted mutations. Due to its relative simplicity and cost-effectiveness compared to other molecular scissors, i.e., zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been shown to have a massive influence on genetic studies regardless of the biological kingdom. Although the system is in the process of being established, numerous protocols have already been released for the system and there have been various topics of CRISPR related papers published each year in ever-increasing manner. Here, we will briefly introduce CRISPR/Cas9 system and discuss the variants of the CRISPR system. Also, their applications to crop improvement will be dealt with mainly ornamental crops among horticultural crops other than Arabidopsis as a model plant. Finally, some issues on the barriers restraining the use of CRISPR system on floricultural crops, the prospect of CRISPR system as a DNA-free genome editing tool with efficient facilitators and finally, the future perspectives on the CRISPR system will be described.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

The paper addresses the importance of redesigning strategies for resilient and sustainable regional economic development - by applying strategic approaches to free economic zones for the digital economy. The purpose of the paper is to provide a broad comparative perspective on developed versus developing country efforts to use free economic zone programs to enhance various economic and social objectives. First, the paper introduces the chronicle experiences of free economic zone programs in South Korea and mainland China - developed versus developing economies. The main results of the analysis indicate that (1) achieving the goals and objectives of free economic zones is challenging over time; (2) trying to upgrade the technical component, develop knowledge-based and eco-friendly new industries, or value-added to the economy through free economic zone policies is even challenging; and (3) incentives and other program-specific variables are highly context-specific and not structurally correlated with free economic zone performance. In addition, the paper shows that the initial conception of the role of free economic zones has undergone significant change as individual countries have tried to enhance the contributions and avoid damages from incorporating free economic zones into their development strategy respectively, over time.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-208
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• 2021

Luis Humberto Crosthwaite, as a witness to the accelerated changes in Tijuana since the 80's, has built a chronicle of the city based on nostalgia, fantasy, popular language, music, and criticism of the inequality between both sides of the border, but above all, on humour and irony. Among the gallery of characters that populate his stories, the common resident of the border has a special place. Here we are not talking about the passing person or newcomers, but of those who have shaped their social and personal identity from a long every day relationship with the city and the borderline, which makes up what we will call the border-being. In this work, we dialogue with the psychoanalytic concept of border personality or borderline disorder, which refers in a general way to subjects with a deep fracture between the self and the being, which prompts a psychotic search to reconcile this division. In addition, we will engage in an interdisciplinary dialogue to analyse how Crosthwaite characterises the fracture of the border-subjects in some of the stories of the book Instrucciones para cruzar la frontera, to point out the psychosis caused by the sociocultural tensions of life in a border city like Tijuana.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2008

지자기는 시간의 경과와 더불어 변동하는데 지자기의 화석이라 할 수 있는 각종 잔류자화를 통해 그 흔적을 남겨두고 있다. 고고지자기 연대법은 소토의 열잔류자화를 통해 과거의 지자기 변동을 측정하여 소토가 출토되는 고고유적의 연대를 알아내는 연대측정법이다. 본고에서는 울산 매곡동 Ⅰ지구 유적의 측구부탄요에서 채취한 14점의 소토시료를 통해 고고유적에 대한 고고지자기 연대법의 적용 방법을 알아보았다. 유물이 출토되지 않아 주변 유구들과의 배치관계 등을 통해 삼국시대라고 추정한 측구부탄요의 불확실한 고고학적 편년에 대해, 고고지자기 연대법에 의해 산출된A.D.440${\pm}$15년의 연대는 확실한 증거자료가 되었다. 고고지자기 연대법은 오염제거가 비교적 용이하고 특히 측정연대의 오차 폭이 상당히 좁아서 신뢰도 높은 결과를 구할 수 있으므로, 고고유적의 연대측정에 있어서 유력한 자연과학적 분석법의 한 분야로 정착되어 가고 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 스토리의 논리적 오류를 막기 위한 방법으로 캐릭터의 대화 이력 구축과 추적 방법을 제안한다. 장편 소설이나 공동 집필 작품등 작품의 길이가 길고 다수의 캐릭터가 등장하는 작품의 경우 작가에게 인지적 부담을 주게 되며 만약 작가가 캐릭터의 기억을 혼동할 경우 작품 속에 논리적 오류가 발생해 작품의 완전성과 무결성에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 상기한 추적 방법을 통해 작가의 인지적 부담을 경감하여 작품의 집필을 보조할 수 있는 작가 지원 시스템을 설계하고 기존에 집필된 소설을 분석하여 캐릭터의 대화 이력 추출 및 추적 예시를 보인다. 또한 질의문(query)의 성능평가를 통해 대화 이력 시스템이 평균 68.5%의 정확도를 보여주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-24
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• 2001

All human being can't exist by oneself. That is, all human being depend on intimate attachment for their survival. Physical and psychological powers and control functions are prerequisites for one's survival and these serve important functions in interpersonal relationships. There are two kinds of powers and controls. One is positive power which helps one survive effectively. Another one is negative power which disturbs one's effective survival. Introspection is one of the positive power and most important process in understanding oneself and others. Thus, the purpose of this study is to elucidate the physical and psychological meaning of the characteristics of water and based on this meaning, to suggest one way of introspection. The authors reviewed the precept of water which is described in Bible and oriental classical books such as 'the Analects of Confuicus(論語)', 'Tao Te Ching(道德經)', 'Mencius(맹자)', 'Chronicle(史記)', 'The Doctrine of the Mean(中庸)', 'University(大學)'. The author also reviewed 'The History of Three Countries(삼국사기, 삼국유사)', 'The Precept of Religion', and 'the modern poems' which includes the symbolic meaning of water. The results are summarized as follows：1) The flow of water itself is the expression of introspection. Because, water does not flow without filling a puddle. 2) Water is the symbol of 'Immortality'. 3) Water symbolizes 'Modesty and Trust'. 4) Water is the symbol of 'Freedom from Greed'. 5) Water symbolizes 'Goodness and Beauty'. 6) Water symbolizes 'Naturality and Love'. Immortality, Modesty and Trust, Freedom from Greed, Goodness and Beauty, and Naturality and Love are eternal, universal values which all human should seek and achieve. By the process of introspection through the symbolic meaning of water, we can achieve these positive aspects of human mind and spirit.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2014

오늘날과 같은 다매체 시대에서는 미디어의 형태(하드웨어)보다 미디어의 내용(콘텐츠)이 성패를 좌우한다고 해도 과언이 아닐 정도로 콘텐츠가 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 인기 있는 텔레비전 프로그램들은 국경을 넘어 공급되고 현지 시청자들에 맞게 각색된 이른바 '포맷'이라는 형태로 확산되고 있다. 이러한 포맷산업은 미국에서 시작되었지만 1990년대부터 유럽으로 주도권이 옮겨지게 되었고, 이후 "super-formats"에 의해 확고하게 자리잡은 산업이며 오늘날 연간 31억 유로로 추정되는 가치를 지니고 있다. 특히 2000년대 이후 세게 방송포맷산업의 중심지로 떠오른 영국의 사례는 문화콘텐츠산업을 육성하고자 하는 한국에 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 방송포맷산업의 역사를 연대기적으로 고찰하고 콘텐츠 강국으로서의 영국이 가진 산업적 배경을 살펴봄으로써 한국의 콘텐츠산업에 시사하는 바를 찾고자 함에 그 목적이 있다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2020

Essence of the Hwangchil tree (黃漆樹 Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév.) has been used for various purposes, like waxing emperor's armors, covering an astrology board, or, during the Silla Dynasty, burying it to block something bad in the soil symbolically. Essence of the Hwangchil tree was known to have remarkable preservation effects such as waterproofing, damp-proofing, rust-proofing, and moth-proofing as well as not being easily peeled off from even soft surfaces like paper. There is a record in Prescriptions for Epidemic diseases of Cows, Horses, Sheep, and Pigs (牛馬羊猪染疫病治療方), published in 1541, of Hwangchil that is local to Jeju Island being used instead of benzoin (安息香), of burning Hwangchil, and of making cows inhale its smoke to prevent plague among them. Along the same lines, there are records in the Local Chronicle of Tamra (耽羅志) and the Book of Earth Geography (輿地圖書) that identify Hwangchil with benzoin. In Seonghosaseol (星湖僿說), a book written by Lee Yik in around 1760, it is acknowledged that Hwangchil could be medicinal herb. In 2000, Ahn Duk-Kyun registered the roots and branches of Hwangchil tree as 'Boncho' (本草 herbal medicine) in the Pictorial Book of Korean Medicinals (韓國本草圖鑑) and presented the method of taking it for medical purpose. Researchers have suggested that Hwangchil essence as well as diverse parts of the plant such as its roots, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, and gum have various meaningful medicinal properties. Regarding the history and recent researches of using Hwangchil tree, it has various medicinal probabilities such as, 'dispersing miasma' (辟邪), 'opening holes' (開竅), 'waking the heart' (醒心), 'smoothing spirits' (安神), 'piercing the block' (疎泄), 'removing the old and welcoming the new' (去故生新). This paper contributes ideas about how to expand the uses of Hwangchil Tree.