• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.941-944
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• 1997

폐경색은 임상적으로나 방사선학적으로 폐암, 폐출혈, 울혈성 무기폐, 단순괴사와 감별이 힘든 질환으로 흉부외상과 관련되어 보고된 예는 없다. 환자는 45세 남자로 약 3주전 흉부외상에 의한 우측의 다발성 늑골골절과 쇄골골절로 치료를 받아오 다가 증상이 점점 악화되어 본원에 전원된 후 우상엽 절제술을 받았으며, 조직검사 결과 폐경 색으로 진 단되었다. 전원 당시 흉부의 컴퓨터 단층활영상 우상엽에 거대한 종괴음영이 있었고, 양측 폐야에 5개 정도의 작 은 결절상 음영이 있었으나 폐 생검에서 암세포는 발견되지 않았고, 우상엽 절제술 당시 대부분의 작은 결절들은 자연 소실되어 있었다 절제된 우상엽에서 육안적으로 인지되는 혈전은 보이지 않았고, 조직검사상 주로 폐동맥의 분지인 0.6 ∼2.0 mm 정도의 근형 동맥들이 혈전에 의해 폐쇄되어 있었으며 일부는 더 진행하여 기질화를 보이거나 혈류의 재소통이 이루어진 곳도 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to predict the 10-year impacts of the introduction of pictorial warning labels (PWLs) on cigarette packaging in 2016 in Korea for adults using DYNAMO-HIA. Methods: In total, four scenarios were constructed to better understand the potential health impacts of PWLs: two for PWLs and the other two for a hypothetical cigarette tax increase. In both policies, an optimistic and a conservative scenario were constructed. The reference scenario assumed the 2015 smoking rate would remain the same. Demographic data and epidemiological data were obtained from various sources. Differences in the predicted smoking prevalence and prevalence, incidence, and mortality from diseases were compared between the reference scenario and the four policy scenarios. Results: It was predicted that the optimistic PWLs scenario (PWO) would lower the smoking rate by 4.79% in males and 0.66% in females compared to the reference scenario in 2017. However, the impact on the reduction of the smoking rate was expected to diminish over time. PWO will prevent 85 238 cases of diabetes, 67 948 of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 31 526 of ischemic heart disease, 21 036 of lung cancer, and 3972 prevalent cases of oral cancer in total over the 10-year span due to the reductions in smoking prevalence. The impacts of PWO are expected to be between the impact of the optimistic and the conservative cigarette tax increase scenarios. The results were sensitive to the transition probability of smoking status. Conclusions: The introduction of PWLs in 2016 in Korea is expected reduce smoking prevalence and disease cases for the next 10 years, but regular replacements of PWLs are needed for persistent impacts.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Objectives: Previous study has shown that the positive rate of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI) among former workers in dusty environments was higher than that among high-risk groups of tuberculosis(TB). The objective of the present study was to identify the development of active TB among former workers in dusty environments diagnosed with LTBI. Methods: Between January 2015 and May 2017, 796 former workers in dusty environments who had been subjects of epidemiology research for work-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) had received the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-Tube(QFT-GIT) from the Institute of Occupation and Environment(IOE) under the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service(KCOMWEL). Among them, 437 participants who received a health examination for work-related pneumoconiosis between January 2015 and December 2018 were selected as study subjects. Active TB was defined as a positive result for active PTB and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infection in the result of the Pneumoconiosis Examination Council's assessment by KCOMWEL. Results: A total of 437 subjects were followed up for 2.1 years. Four of them(4/437, 0.9%) developed active TB during the follow-up period. The attack rate of active TB among subjects who were diagnosed LTBI positive and those who were diagnosed LTBI negative were 0.9%(3/320) and 0.9%(1/115), respectively. Conclusions: Most previous studies reported that the attack rate of the development of active TB in subjects who had been diagnosed LTBI positive was higher than that among subjects who had been diagnosed LTBI negative. To the contrary, the present study found that the rate of developing active TB among former workers in dusty environments diagnosed as LTBI positive was not higher than that in those who were diagnosed LTBI negative.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.667-670
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• 2008

성인에서의 잠복 기관지 이물은 소아의 기관지내 이물 흡인과 달리 매우 드물며 아직까지 기관지나 폐의 연관손상 정도와 잠복기간에 따른 치료전략이 정립되어 있지 않은 상태다. 과거력상 반복적인 기침과 객담, 발열을 경험하였으나 30년 전에 사인펜 뚜껑이 기도내로 흡인되었던 사실을 인지하지 못하던 40세 남자 환자가 동일 주소와 영상검사상 우중엽 및 하엽의 허탈과 폐쇄성 폐간질염 소견으로 전원되었다. 처음엔 기관지경 이물 제거와 내과적 치료를 계획하였으나 제거가 불가능하였고 결국 개흉후 양엽 절제를 통해 치료하였다. 저자들은 본 증례가 잠복성 기관지 이물의 다양한 임상상 축적에 중요한 정보를 제공하였다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

In the human airway, mucus exists to protect the respiratory system as a primary barrier of the innate immune system. However, hyperexpressed mucus limits airflow, resulting in a decrease of lung function. Among more than 20 mucin family members, MUC5AC and MUC5B are major glycoproteins in human airway mucus. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is one of the mechanisms of these mucins expression and specificity protein-1 (Sp1) transcription factor is the downstream signal of this pathway, playing pivotal roles in mucin expression. Even though there are some drugs for treating mucus hypersecretion, no drug has proven effects on humans. We found that the flavonoid tilianin regulated MUC5AC expression and also inhibited Sp1 phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated how tilianin would modulate EGFR signaling and regulate mucin production. In conclusion, tilianin inhibited MUC5AC expression mediated via modulating the EGFR-MEK-ERK-Sp1 signaling pathway in NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells. This study may provide the basis for the novel treatment of mucus hypersecretion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.2014-2021
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• 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus and causes severe morbidity and mortality in humans especially when infected patients have underlying diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previously, we demonstrated that MERS-CoV-encoded ORF8b strongly inhibits MDA5- and RIG-I-mediated induction of the interferon beta (IFN-β) promoter activities. Here, we report that ORF8b seemed to regulate MDA5 or RIG-I differentially as protein levels of MDA5 were significantly down-regulated while those of RIG-I were largely unperturbed. In addition, ORF8b seemed to efficiently suppress phosphorylation of IRF3 at the residues of 386 and 396 in cells transfected with RIG-I while total endogenous levels of IRF3 remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, ORF8b was able to inhibit all forms of RIG-I; full-length, RIG-I-1-734, and RIG-I-1-228, the last of which contains only the CARD domains. Taken together, it is tempting to postulate that ORF8b may interfere with the CARD-CARD interactions between RIG-I and MAVS. Further detailed analysis is required to delineate the mechanisms of how ORF8b inhibits the MDA5/RIG-I receptor signaling pathway.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.585-594
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• 2017

Purpose: Food intake of COPD patients decreases because of appetite loss, depression, and breathing problems while eating, which increase the likelihood of patients becoming malnourished. This study investigated the nutrient intake and dietary quality of people with and without COPD in Korea. Methods: There were 2,160 adults aged 50 and over who participated in the $5{\sim}6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into the COPD group and non-COPD group according to the rate of forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) against forced vital capacity (FVC). Consumption of food and nutrients were calculated based on the nutrition examination survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0. Results: Among individuals in their 50s, intake of vitamin $B_1$ in the COPD group was significantly less than the NCOPD group, while intake of sodium in the COPD group was significantly greater than the NCOPD group. Among individuals in their 60s, the energy intake of the COPD group was significantly less than that of the NCOPD group. The COPD group showed significantly less intake of vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin C, but greater intake of sodium than the NCOPD group. In the group aged 70 and over, The COPD group had significantly less intake of vitamin $B_1$ than the NCOPD group and showed lower nutrient adequacy ratio values in protein, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, and iron than the NCOPD group. Conclusion: The COPD group consumed less energy and certain nutrients, and their dietary quality was poor compared to the NCOPD group. Thus, more detailed research is required to understand the concrete relationship between COPD and malnutrition.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2017

최근 머신러닝 방법은 높은 예측력과 함께 널리 이용되지만 머신러닝을 제대로 활용하기 위해서 데이터가 가진 한계를 통계적 기법으로 해결한다면 기존보다 더 높은 예측력을 이끌어 낼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Longitudinal and Imbalanced Data에서 SMOTE 방법을 활용하여 불균형 문제를 해결한 결과 예측력이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 만성폐쇄성폐질환 급성악화 관련 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있지만 급성악화와 관련 있는 요인을 찾는 연구만 이루어지고 있어 여러 요인들에 대한 복합적인 관철과 예측모형을 통한 급성악화 예측 연구는 이루어지지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 여러 요인을 같이 살펴봤을 때 어떤 요인들이 만성폐쇄성폐질환 급성악화와 관련이 있는지 확인하고 개인 맞춤형 특정 질환 예측 모형을 구축하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제75권6호
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• pp.260-263
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• 2013

Invasive aspergillosis has emerged as a major cause of life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Recently, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who have been receiving corticosteroids for a long period, and immunocompetent patients in the intensive care unit have been identified as nontraditional hosts at risk for invasive aspergillosis. Here, we report a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after influenza in an immunocompetent patient. The patient's symptoms were nonspecific, and the patient was unresponsive to treatments for pulmonary bacterial infection. Bronchoscopy revealed mucosa hyperemia, and wide, raised and cream-colored plaques throughout the trachea and both the main bronchi. Histologic examination revealed aspergillosis. The patient recovered quickly when treated systemically with voriconazole, although the reported mortality rates for aspergillosis are extremely high. This study showed that invasive aspergillosis should be considered in immunocompetent patients who are unresponsive to antibiotic treatments; further, early extensive use of all available diagnostic tools, especially bronchoscopy, is mandatory.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.594-599
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• 2020

Lin28a has diverse functions including regulation of cancer, reprogramming and regeneration, but whether it promotes injury or is a protective reaction to renal injury is unknown. We studied how Lin28a acts in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction, in a mouse model. We further defined the role of Lin28a in transforming growth factor (TGF)-signaling pathways in renal fibrosis through in vitro study using human tubular epithelium-like HK-2 cells. In the mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction model, obstruction markedly decreased the expression of Lin28a, increased the expression of renal fibrotic markers such as type I collagen, α-SMA, vimentin and fibronectin. In TGF-β-stimulated HK-2 cells, the expression of Lin28a was reduced and the expression of renal fibrotic markers such as type I collagen, α-SMA, vimentin and fibronectin was increased. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Lin28a inhibited the expression of TGF-β-stimulated type I collagen, α-SMA, vimentin and fibronectin. Lin28a inhibited TGF-β-stimulated SMAD3 activity, via inhibition of SMAD3 phosphorylation, but not the MAPK pathway ERK, JNK or p38. Lin28a attenuates renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy, making its mechanism a possible therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease.