• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.15-21
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• 1979

From January 1975 to March 1978, 18 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia diagnosed at Kyungpook National University Hospital were tested by hepatosplenic scanning with $^{198}Au$ colloidal gold. The photo scanning findings in relation to clinical and laboratory findings are following. 1) Male to female ratio was 2:1 and 2nd and 3rd decades were predominant. 2) No focal space-occupying lesion was noticed both in the liver and spleen. 3) 4 cases revealed well visualization of spleen, 7 cases poor visualization, and 7 cases nonvisualization. 4) No significant difference between well visualization group and poor visualization group was noted in clinical findings, liver function test and hematologic findings. 5) Cases with nonvisualization of the spleen tended to be associated with thrombocytopenia, decreased megakaryocytes in the marrow and longer duration of the illness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.896-904
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• 2007

Regulation mechanism of apoptosis has been known to be important for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases including cancers. The effects of $RRR-{\alpha}-tocopheryl$ succinate(vitamin E succinate, VES) on the cell viability, generation of ROS, expression of proteins involved in apoptosis, and growth of human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells were analyzed in this study. VES treatment not only induced the generation of the ROS but also increased the levels of $NF-{\kappa}B$, COX-2, and $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ in K562 cells. It modulates the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax provoking the apoptosis in K562 cells. The cleavage of PARP into 89 kDa was also increased upon VES treatment in a dosage-dependent manner. Induction of an apoptosis was evident by the increase of sub-Gl peak and cell shrinkage condensed chromatin in K562 cells treated with VES. It also resulted in an inhibition of tumor growth by 50% and prolonged survival of the Iymphoma-induced mice. This potentiation of VES obtained in vitro and in vivo may indicate the feasibility of more effective chemotherapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic outcomes and assess factors associated with therapeutic outcomes in hematologic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Methods: We analyzed all consecutive cases of IPA in adults with hematologic diseases from January 2008 to January 2009 at a Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Center in Seoul, Korea. Results: A total of 54 patients were identified. Underlying diseases were acute myelogenous leukemia (n=25), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=10), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=7), chronic myelogenous leukemia (n=3), multiple myeloma (n=3), severe aplastic anemia (n=2) and other hematologic diseases (n=4). Twenty six patients (48.2%) were assessed as having a favorable response, of which 16 patients (29.6%) showed complete response. Overall 12-week mortality and IPA attributable mortality were 38.9% (n=21) and 33.3% (n=18), respectively. In multivariate analysis, uncontrolled underlying disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49~35.94; p=0.014) was associated with an unfavorable response, and for 12-week mortality, uncontrolled underlying disease (OR, 11.79; 95% CI, 1.49~93.46; p=0.020) and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 9.89; 95% CI, 1.42~68.99; p=0.021) were significantly poor prognostic factors. Conclusion: IPA still remains as a poor therapeutic outcome, especially in patients with refractory hematologic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2006

Leukemia arises in hematopoietic progenitor cells and is characterized by impaired or blocked differentiation, uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Molecular mechanisms underlying cellular functions by $As_2O_3$, however, have been poorly investigated. The consensus of several reports is that $As_2O_3$ induces apoptosis in leukemia cells by activating genes for apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of $As_2O_3$ on the cell cycle and its morphological change and a relationship between the caspase-3 and $As_2O_3$-induced apoptosis. Caspase-3 is involved in $As_2O_3$-induced apoptosis in K562 cells. In this study, to address whether $As_2O_3$-induced apoptosis is mediated by caspase-3 activity, the same samples were probed with a specific antibody. The pretreatment of $25{\mu}M$ Z-VAD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase, decreased $As_2O_3$-induced cytotoxicity. And $As_2O_3$ significantly increased the percentages of the cells accumulated in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Chromatin condensational changes were observed with Hoechst 33258 staining after treatment of $As_2O_3$. It was shown that $As_2O_3$-induced apoptosis is controlled through caspase-3 activation. These results may provide a useful rationale for CML treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.435-441
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• 2010

We report the preparation and characterization of a new and water soluble complex of palladium(II) with 1,10- phenanthroline and butyldithiocarbamate ligands. This compound has been studied through spectroscopic techniques, $^1H$ NMR, IR, electronic spectra and elemental analysis and conductivity measurements. The complex shows 50% cytotoxic concentration ($Ic_{50}$) value against chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562, much lower than that of cisplatin. Thus the mode of binding of this complex to calf thymus DNA have been extensively investigated by isothermal titration UV-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence, gel filteration and other methods. UV-visible studies show that the complex exhibits cooperative binding with DNA and remarkably denatures the DNA at extremely low concentration ($~13\;{\mu}M$). Fluorescence studies indicate that the complex intercalate into DNA. Gel filtration studies suggest that the binding of Pd(II) complex with DNA is strong enough that it does not readily break. In these interaction studies, several thermodynamic and binding parameters are also determined which may reflect the mechanism of action of this type of compound with DNA.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.359-365
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• 2000

Ribozymes are catalytic RNAs that can cleave RNAs at specific sites, thus they have been employed to degrade a target mRNA in vivo. Development of allosterically controllable ribozymes is of great current interest, but it remained difficult to furnish such functions to ribozymes in cultured cells or in animals. Recently, we designed allosterically controllable ribozymes termed maxizymes, which have sensor arms that recognize target mRNA sequences and, in the presence of such target sequences only, they form a cavity that can capture catalytically indispensable $Mg^{2+}$ ions, cleaving the target. The maxizyme was applied to therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It cleaved specifically the chimeric BCR-ABL mRNA, which caused CML, without damaging the normal ABL or BCR mRNA in mammalian cells and also in mice, providing the first successful example for allosteric control of the activity of artificial ribozymes in vivo.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

In all attempt to elucidate the role of apoptosis in drug resistance, cisplatin-resistant human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells (K562/CDDP) were established and compared with drug sensitive parent cells (K562) in the induction of apoptosis. K562/CDDP cells were 5-fold more resistant to cisplatin compared to K562 cells. In addition, K562/CDDP cells were significantly more resistant to apoptois as judged by DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining. K562/CDDP cells exhibited decreased proleolytic activity of caspase-3 and this was further demonstrated by decreased cleavage of its substrate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARR- Western blot analysis showed that K562/CDDP cells had longer sustained levels of BCL-$X_L$ whereas no difference was noted in the level of Bcl-2. the translocation of Bax to mitochondria was significantly delayed in K562/CDDP cells. These results suggest that the reduced translocation of Bax and the sustained expression of BCL-$X_L$ may cause resistance to apoptosis through prevention of mitochondria release of cytochrome c, which subsequently induces reduction of caspase-3 activity and that this response is partly responsible for the acquired resistance to cisplatin ill K562 cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.721-727
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• 2006

To continue exploration of structure activity relationship of novel 1-(indoline-5-sulfonyl)-4-phenylimidazolidinones (1) reported as anticancer agent with broad spectrum, three 1-(arylsulfonyl)-4-vinylimidazolidinones (2) were synthesized from methyl serinate (3) in 8 steps. Reaction of intermediate 2-phenoxycarbonylaminobut-3-enyl p-toluenesulfonate (10) with arylsulfonamide in the presence of potassium carbonate produced corresponding 2 and N-(4-vinyloxazolidin-2-yl)arylsulfonamide 11 in approximately equal ratio. This reaction is believed to undergo through urea intermediate 16 as shown in scheme 3. 1-Arylsufonyl-4-vinylimidazolidinones 2 show much reduced activity against human colon carcinoma (Colo205), human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), and human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3) and compatible activity against human lung carcinoma (A549) compared to 1. Therefore phenyl at 4-position should be the optimum planar motif for the activity of 1.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is the separation of biologically active ingredients from Coptidis Rhizoma which has been widely used as one of oriental herbal medicine for body fever. In this study, berberine-type alkaloids were tested on their biological activities in the aspect of antibacterial, antitumor, anti-herpetic and anti-HIV activity. Contents of five major alkaloids for the various origin of Coptidis Rhizoma were assayed by HPLC. As the results, the content of berberine from Coptis chinensis and Coptis japonica were 6.78% and 7.09%, respectively. The contents of coptisine, jatrorrhizine, berberastine from Coptis chinensis were higher than those of Coptis japonica. The amount of palmatine from both species were almost the same. Surprisingly for antitumor experiment, all compounds have been shown remarkable activity, especially against SNU-l(human stomach cancer) cell line. Among the compounds purified through column chromatography, palmatine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine inhibited the growth of K-562(human chronic myelogenous leukemia) cell line whereas jatrorrhizine has been shown the effective inhibition of A-549 (human lung) cell line at the same time.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.947-955
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• 2011

The complexes [Pd(bpy)(Hex-dtc)]$NO_3$ and [Pt(bpy)(Hex-dtc)]$NO_3$ (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and Hex-dtc is hexyldithiocarbamato ligands) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic studies. The cytotoxicity assay of the complexes has been performed on chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562, at micromolar concentration. Both complexes showed cytotoxic activity far better than that of cisplatin under the same experimental conditions. The binding parameters of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated using UV-visible and fluorescence techniques. They show the ability of cooperatively intercalating in CT-DNA. Gel filtration studies demonstrated that platinum complex could cleave the DNA. In the interaction studies between the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with CT-DNA, several binding and thermodynamic parameters have been determined, which may provide deeper insights into the mechanism of action of these types of complexes with nucleic acids.