• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2019

Epilepsy is one of the major chronic neurological diseases affecting many patients. Resection surgery is the most effective therapy for medically intractable epilepsy, but it is not feasible in all patients. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive neuromodulation therapy that was approved in 1997 for the alleviation of seizures; however, efforts to control epilepsy by stimulating the vagus nerve have been studied for over 100 years. Although its exact mechanism is still under investigation, VNS is thought to affect various brain areas. Hence, VNS has a wide indication for various intractable epileptic syndromes and epilepsy-related comorbidities. Moreover, recent studies have shown anti-inflammatory effects of VNS, and the indication is expanding beyond epilepsy to rheumatoid arthritis, chronic headaches, and depression. VNS yields a more than 50% reduction in seizures in approximately 60% of recipients, with an increase in reduction rates as the follow-up duration increases. The complication rate of VNS is 3-6%, and infection is the most important complication to consider. However, revision surgery was reported to be feasible and safe with appropriate measures. Recently, noninvasive VNS (nVNS) has been introduced, which can be performed transcutaneously without implantation surgery. Although more clinical trials are being conducted, nVNS can reduce the risk of infection and subsequent device failure. In conclusion, VNS has been demonstrated to be beneficial and effective in the treatment of epilepsy and various diseases, and more development is expected in the future.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2022

The incidence of musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) is on the rise due to the current Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Spine is the most common osseous site, followed by other joints. TB identified in the elbow accounts for 2%-5% of skeletal TB cases, which are secondary to pulmonary TB. Primary elbow TB is rare. We report a case of primary TB of the elbow which had a negative synovial biopsy. A 46-year-old right-hand dominant female patient with chronic pain and disability of the right elbow was diagnosed with chronic non-specific arthritis based on an arthroscopic synovial biopsy. The case was diagnosed retrospectively as active TB from bone cuts post total elbow arthroplasty. Anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) was given postoperatively for 12 months. The patient reported good functional outcomes at 3 years of follow-up. Such atypical presentations of osteoarticular TB are challenging to diagnose. Therefore, particularly in endemic areas, clinicians should be careful before excluding such a diagnosis even after a negative biopsy. Further research should investigate whether active TB of small joints such as the elbow can be treated with ATT, and early arthroplasty should be a focus of this research.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.540-546
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 수근관절 활액막염 진단하에 활막 절제술을 시행한 환자들을 대상으로 원인 질환 진단을 위한 다중적 접근법을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 서울대학교병원에서 수근관절 활액막염 진단하에 활막 절제술을 시행한 환자 중 수술 전 수근관절 조영 증강 자기공명영상 검사를 시행한 29명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 이 중 17명의 환자는 수술 전 $Tc^{99m}$ 백혈구 스캔 검사를 시행하였다. 류마티스 관절염 진단 기준에 부합하는 환자의 경우, 수근관절 자기공명영상 및 조직 병리 검사 결과 중 하나 이상에서 류마티스 관절염을 시사하는 소견이 나왔다면 류마티스 관절염으로 최종 진단하였다. 만약 자기공명영상 검사와 조직 검사 소견이 시사하는 진단이 다르게 나타나는 경우에는 조직 검사 소견 결과를 토대로 확진하였다. 결과: 류마티스 관절염 진단 기준을 충족하는 9명의 환자 중 7명의 환자는 류마티스 관절염으로 최종 확진되었으며, 2명의 환자는 결핵성 관절염으로 최종 진단되었다. 류마티스 관절염 진단 기준을 충족시키지 못한 20명의 환자 중 12명은 자기공명영상 검사 및 조직 검사 결과 모두 동일한 질환을 시사하는 것으로 나왔으며 나머지 8명의 환자들은 임상 양상, 자기공명영상 및 조직학적 소견에 근거하여 5명은 비특이적 만성 활액막염, 1명은 류마티스 관절염, 2명은 결핵성 관절염으로 최종 진단되었다. 결론: 자기공명영상 검사 및 백혈구 스캔 검사는 수근관절 활액막염 원인 질환 진단에 많은 도움이 되는 유용한 검사이다. 진단이 어렵거나 약물 치료에 반응이 없는 경우에 활막 절제술을 통한 조직 병리 검사 결과는 매우 유용할 수 있다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2003

Oral administration of antigen has long been considered as a promising alternative for the treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and oral application of type II collagen (CII) has been proven to improve pathogenic symptoms in RA patients without problematic side effects. To further current understandings about the immune suppression mechanisms mediated by orally administered antigens, we examined the changes in IgG subtypes, T-cell proliferative response, and proportion of interleukin (IL)-10 producing Th subsets in a time course study of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) animal models. We found that joint inflammation in CIA mouse peaked at 5 weeks after first immunization with CII, which was significantly subdued in mice pre-treated by repeated oral administration of CII. Orally tolerized mice also showed increase in their serum level of IgG1, while the level of IgG2a was decreased. T-cell proliferation upon CII stimulation was also suppressed in lymph nodes of mice given oral administration of CII compared to non-tolerized controls. When cultured in vitro in the presence of CII, T-cells isolated from orally tolerized mice presented higher proportion of $CD4^+IL-10^+$ subsets compared to non-tolerized controls. Interestingly, such increase in IL-10 producing cells were obvious first in Peyer's patch, then by 5 weeks after immunization, in mesenteric lymph node and spleen instead. This result indicates that a particular subset of T-cells with immune suppressive functions might have migrated from the original contact site with CII to inflamed joints via peripheral blood after 5 weeks post immunization.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.166-176
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• 1996

This is a study through survey with the purpose of analysing of treatment cost for arthritis. Treatment cost can be devided Into two characteristics, one is the direct cost and the other is the indirect cost. Direct cost contains fees of medical treatment Including cost of self treatment & purchsing price of herb durg. On the other hand indirect cost means the using money of tansportation, lodging charge & labor-losing-time cost. For the succession of medical treatment of chronic diseases patients have to control themselves to go shopping around for the cure remeadies. And also it is important that the cost for unefficient or probably hamful folk remeadies should be reduced in order to distribute appropriatively the limited financial resources. As the result of this study, the fees for self treatment & herb drug are two times as much as those of regural medical treatment. Within the direct cost, there are the mean cost of regural medical treatment 59,630 won/mon., self-treatment 42,790 won/mon., and herb drug 78,380won/mon. therefore total mean direct cost is 180,800won per month. Moreover patients intermittently pay the cost of prostheses If folk remedies, these are added to the direct cost as above mentioned. Attributes of folk remedies are various from cure & analgesics to nutrients and their virtues as medicine are not clear in view of scientific knowledge. But 56% of arthritis patients have ever been experienced folk remedies. the cost for these remedies has wide ranges from 40,000 won to 1,000,000won. Total mean indirect cost including the transfortation fee, lodging charge & labor-losing-time cost has the range from 82,825won/month to 106,150won/month. Among these cost, labor-losing-time cost has a mojority because the waiting times are too long for seeing a doctor. In conclusion those patients having arthritis have a large burden against the treatment cost for continuous care. Therefore health professional should make effort to guide the patient to determine themselves informed choice about the treatment process.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare healthy life style and chronic disease management between urban and rural older adults. Methods: The study employed a comparative and descriptive survey design. Data were collected from 154 older adults living independently in communities (79 from urban and 75 from rural areas) using structured questionaries from 24 July, 2010 to 14 August, 2011. Results: Perceived health status was significantly lower in urban older adults than those in rural areas ($x^2$=13.27, p = .001). Frequency of regular health examination was better in the urban group than the rural group ($x^2$=4.71, p = .030). Among older adults with hypertension, medication noncompliance was higher, and participation rate in disease management education was lower in the rural group than the urban group ($x^2$=6.43, p = .040; $x^2$=23.51, p<.001, respectively) and the same as arthritis. Conclusion: Rural older adults had more problems with health and disease management in this study, might be, due to difficulties in access to health care services than urban residents. More tailored programs of disease management as well as health service programs and staffing should be developed in rural areas. For urban older adults, meal preparation program and more opportunities producing income may be needed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2020

Chronic otitis media (COM) is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the middle ear, mastoid cavity. It presents hearing loss, ear pain, dizziness, headache, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation and intracranial complication. Intracranial complications such as skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) may occur secondary to COM due to transmission of infection by a number of possible routes. SBO is an uncommon condition with a significant morbidity and mortality if not treated in the early stages. We report a-67-year-old male patient with diabetes and untreated COM who presented atypical severe TMJ, periorbital and postmandibular pain. By computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole body bone scan (WBBS), he was diagnosed with SBO spreading from untreated COM via infective arthritis of TMJ. Through this case, we suggest proper utilization of diagnostic imaging, especially CT or MRI for the early detection of SBO in the case of COM accompanying with the greater risk of infection developments such as diabetes.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2013

견봉하 및 삼각근하 만성 점액낭염에 발생한 다발성 쌀소체의 치료에 대해 고찰하였다. 다발성 쌀소체의 형성은 혈청음성의 류마티스 관절염 혹은 결핵과 자주 연관된 만성 점액낭염의 합병증으로 형성된다. 또한 이것은 윤활막 뼈연골종증과 영상학적 및 임상적으로 비슷한 양상을 보인다. 저자들은 만성 삼각근하 및 견봉하 점액낭염에 발생한 다발성 쌀소체가 있어 관혈적 수술을 통해 제거한 44세 남자를 증례 보고하고자 한다. 제거술을 시행한 지 16개월 후 견관절의 운동 범위 및 근력은 정상 범위에 있었고 기능도 만족스러웠다. 일반 촬영 및 초음파 검사에서 쌀소체의 재발은 없었다. 견봉하 및 삼각근하 만성 점액낭염에 발생한 다발성 쌀소체는 점액낭을 포함한 관혈적 절제술에 의해 성공적으로 치료 될 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.787-799
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• 1994

To elucidate morphologic lesion of porcine exudative epidermitis which is occurred sporadically in Korea, Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from the naturally affected pigs was inoculated to suckling pigs. The infected piglets were observed grossly and histopathologically. Although affected piglets were taking acute, subacute, or chronic course, some piglets suffered from chronic disease showed poor prognosis and marked growth depression. Affected peglets had erythematous skin on the face, ear, and abdomen and these localized lesions appear as brownish spots of exudative epidermitis and fromed crust in the early stage. But, after this stage, the skin were covered by viscous greasy exudate and formed blackish brown crust and appeared fissures and hypertrophy. Grossly, there has been hemorrhage with the removal of crust-like materials of epidermis and edematous subcutis. The superficial lymph nodes were edematous and swollen or congested and hemorrhagic. Some piglets had swollen ureters, cysts in the renal cortex, or polyarthritis. A few cases had mild edematous swelling of kidney, intestinal catarrh and congestion of brain. Microscopically, skin lesions had detachment of keralinized layer and parakeratosis of epidermis, hydropic degeneration of epidermal cell, and retrogressive degeneration of hair root sheath. Dermis had edema, and infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. As the disease was proceeded, there was marked perivasculitis with lots of mononuclear inflammatory cells. More chronic lesions formed granuloma-like bodies(nodules) due to more mononuclear, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of fibroblast. Lots of plasma cells and eosinophils were also present in dermis. Epidermis was hyperplastic by proliferation of basal cells stratum germinativum and epidermal pegs often extended into the dermis. In secondary infection, lots of neutrophils could be seen in epidermis and derms. Kidney had neutrophilic infiltration, necrotic and cystic glomeruli, and dilation of renal tubules and ureters. Purulent arthritis was sometimes observed in joints. Three days old mice administrated Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus subcutaneously before had focal congestion and hemorrhage, necrosis, and subcutaneous edema of the skin. This observation was also seen in the study of mice administrated exfoliatin toxin of Staphylococcus which evoked human staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2003

In this paper, we checked health problems of outpatients who suffered from cancer, apoplexy, and arthritis. After accessing each patients condition, in order to alleviate their sufferings, we introduced several methods of aroma therapy as a holistic approach to these health problems. Aromatherapy, which can be defined as a nature-friendly complementary / alternative method, has its great merit in its easy way of treatment by the family member of patient or patient himself. Recently, it was scientifically proved that aroma therapy has various curative effects. The easiness of applying aroma therapy is full of suggestions concerned with the future of nursing science. Recently, in the domain of home care nursing, there happened a fundamental change in its structure: a change from the supplier/professional-centered to the consumer/patient-centered one. With this change, home care nursing as a cherished desire of nursing science obtained its legal ground in the established medical programs and, in the same context, patients came to have the chance to receive demanded medical services in their home without going through complicated hospital admission procedures. Considering the future status of home care nursing as a major contributor in the consumer-centered structure of medical health service, aroma therapy as a complementary/alternative method is expected to contribute not only to establishing more effective structure of health service supply but also to resolving chronic health problem of outpatients.