• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Background: Mizoribine (MZR) is an imidazole nucleoside isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum. MZR is currendy in clinical use for patients who have undergone renal transplantation. Therapeutic efficacy of MZR has also been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis. MZR has been shown to inhibit the proliferation or lymphocytes by interfering with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Since the exact mechanism by which MZR benefits rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not clear, we investigated the ability of MZR to direct its immunosuppressive influences on other antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages. Methods: Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of MZR. To elucidate the mechanism of the therapeutic efficacy in chronic inflammatory diseases, we examined the effects of MZR on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ in macrophages. Results: MZR dose-dependendy decreased the production of nitric oxide and pro- inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukins $1{\beta}$ (IL-${\beta}$ and IL-6 $PGE_2$. Examination of gene expression levels showed that the anti-inflammatory effect correlated with the down-regulation of inducible nitiric oxide synthase expression, cycloxygenase-2 expression and TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression. Conclusion: In this work, we resulted whether MZR $(1.25{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited macrophage activation by inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO and $PGE_2$. These findings provide an explanation for the therapeutic efficacy of MZR in chronic inflammation-associated diseases.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1994

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systematic disease with unpredictable course of exacerbation and remission, characterized by pain, joint deformity and reduced activity by joint limitation. The growing public awareness of the need for health management of chronic illnesses, provides impetus for nursing to demonstrate social effectiveness by active nursing intervention in this vast area in general, and with rheumatoid condition in particular. However, nursing interventions to date have not demonstrated its active participation in the management of chronic conditions. Nursing intervention for the patients having rheumatoid arthritis is one such area that needs to be studied intensively and to demonstrate their effectiveness empirically. The purposes of this study were two fold : first, to develop a comprehensive program that was intensified with therapeutic joint exercises in water, self-help group activities and utilization of self-efficacy promoting strategies : and secondly, to determine the effect of aquatic exercise program on pain, physiological changes and quality of life in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirty five female subjects participating in this study were selected from outpatients in the Rheumatism Center, Hanyang University hospital. The period of data collection was from December, 1992 to March, 1993 in seoul and Taejeon. Subjects in Taejeon were assigned to the experimental group. The comprehensive aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 6 weeks in regular swimming pool. Subjects in Seoul did not participated in the program, and treated as the control group. Data were analyzed with repeated measure MANCOVA, t-test, ANCOVA, percentage of change, Kruskal-Wallis 1-Way ANOVA using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) Scores on Korean pain scale, Numeric pain score, and RAI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.11, p=0.022 ; F=4.40, p=0.044 : t=3.10, p=0.002). 2) There was significant improvement in the physiological parameters (higher joint movement parameters, F=15.64, p=0.024 ; higher lean body mass, percentage of change=+12.2, lower body weight, t=1.01, p=0.026 : lower ESR, t=1.69, p=0.001) in the experimental group compaired with subjects In the control group. 3) There was significant improvement in the specific self-efficacy score through the comprehensive aquatic exercise program(t=2.73, p=0.011), but not in the general self- efficacy score(t=0.62, p=0.113). 4) The quality of life failed to show significant improvement in the experimental group as compaired with the control group (F=3.69, p=0.064). 5) In the experimental group, findings from additional analysis showed no significant difference in the specific self-efficacy between those who continued to aquatic exercise after completing 6 week program and those who stopped (X2=0.086, p=0.690). Therefore, adherence to aquatic exercise program for 6 weeks seem to be affected mainly by self-help group activities. An indepth study to delve into articulation of mechanisms affecting the effect of aquatic exercise program be recommended. A further study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of group and individual aquatic exercise program, to assess factors affecting adherence to exercise for an extended length of time.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2002

Background and Purpose : This study shows the clinical effects on treatment with Rheumatoid arthritis using Aqua-acupuncture such as Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus and Cathami Flos that are known for which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Objective and Methods : This study has been carried out Aqua-acupuncture treatment such as Cathami Flos and Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus twice or three times a week with patients diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis on 7 criteria of US Rheumatism Academy. Results : 1. If you see the sexual distribution, it shows the rates of male and female 1: 1.83. Age distribution shows as age ascend it shows high. 2. If you see the duration distribution, it shows chronic tendency in order of more than 6 months(63.3%), 2 to 5 months, and I month. 3. If you see the invaded distribution, it shows chronic tendency in order of hand(37 cases), wrist joint(34 cases), knee joint(32 cases), ankle joint(21 cases), elbow joint(16 cases), shoulder joint(14 cases), feet(14 cases), hip joint(9 cases), low back(6 cases), neck(4 cases). 4. Seeing the mean post-therapeutic index among groups on RA factor level distinction, it shows that 0-18(normal range) scored 89.0, 19-50 scored 94.8, 51-80 scored 101.2, 81-100 scored 97.3, 101-140 scored 102.4, above 141 scored 97.5. 5. Seeing the mean post-therapeutic index among groups on CRP level distinction, it shows that 0-0.4(normal range) scored 100, 0.5-1.0 scored 48.6, 1.1-2.0 scored 34.9, 2.1-3.0 scored 35.7, 3.1-4.0 scored 37.1, 4.1-5.0 scored 53.8, above 5.0 scored 70.4. 6. Seeing the mean post-therapeutic index among groups on ESR level distinction, it shows that 0-20(normal range) scored 48.6, 21-40 scored 57.5, 41-60 scored 59.2, 61-80 scored 59.2, above 81 scored 66.0. 7. If you see the satisfactory assesment after Aqua-acupuncture treatment such as Cathami Flos and Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus, Excellent is 11 cases, Good is 14 cases, and Moderate 5 cases. Conclusion : It will be better effects, if herbal medicine, moxibustion, and acupuncture are used together with Cathami Flos and Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus on rheumatoid arthritis as chronic inflammatory disease.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.165-184
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• 2019

이 연구는 도시와 농촌에 거주하는 노인인구의 일반적 특성변수, 건강행태와 만성질병 진단 및 치료경험 등의 차이와 그 관련요인을 비교하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 질병관리본부의 2017년 지역사회건강조사 원시자료를 활용하였다. 연구 대상은 만 65세 이상 노인으로 총 67,835명의 자료를 이용하였다. 카이제곱검정과 단변량 및 다변량로지스틱회귀분석 등을 이용하여 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 도시 농촌 간의 건강행태, 진단 경험과 치료 경험 등에서 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 로지스틱회귀분석 결과, 도시 노인에 비해 농촌 노인에서 당뇨 진단 경험이 1.136배 (1.092-1.183), 이상지질혈증 진단 경험 1.278배(1.278-1.386), 백내장 진단 경험 1.159배(1.116-1.203), 백내장 치료 경험 1.285(1.200-1.375)로 높았고, 관절염 진단 경험은 0.940배 (0.904-0.977) 낮았다. 백내장 치료 경험에서는 농촌 노인이 1.285배(1.200-1.375) 높았으며, 관절염 치료 경험은 0.785배(0.736-0.837) 낮았다. 만성질환 진단 및 치료 경험에는 각 질환별로 다양한 변수들이 기여변수로 도출되었는데 특히, 만성질환 진단 경험에서는 고혈압 진단 경험을 제외한 당뇨병 진단 경험, 관절염 진단 경험, 백내장 진단 경험 및 이상지질혈증 진단 경험에서 도시 농촌 지역변수가 통계적으로 유의의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 치료 경험에서는 관절염과 백내장 치료 경험에서 도시 농촌 지역변수가 통계적으로 유의의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.01) 기타 고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증 등의 치료 경험은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 도시 농촌 간의 노인 만성질환의 관련요인을 반영하여 진단과 치료 경험에 차이가 있는 질환에 대한 전략적인 보건관리 사업의 추진이 필요해 보인다. 추후 각 만성질환별로 도시와 농촌의 지역 차이와 이환 및 예방관리 등 차이와 그 관련요인에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요해 보인다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2006

Purpose: We analyzed the ankle bony abnormality of patients with marked ankle instability who had chronic ankle sprain more than 3 years. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the chronic ankle sprain (more than 3 years) patients with marked ankle instability tested by varus stress test and anterior draw test from March 2000 to December 2005. Eighty-nine patients (104 ankle) were evaluated and there were 38 males and 51 females. The mean age of patient at the time of diagnosis was 34.5 (range, 18 to 56 years). The average duration of morbidity was 7 years and 3 months (range, 3 years and 3 months to 21 years). The patients who had history of dislocation, fracture, malalignment, operated patients, and rheumatoid ones were excluded. Plain radiographs of AP, lateral, oblique and mortise view were checked. Results: Radilologic abnormalities were found at 74 ankles (71%) among 104 ankles. Frequent sequences of location were anterior talotibial osteophyte, medial malleolar osteophyte, Os subfibulare, lateral malleolar osteophyte. Posteior osteophyte, ankle arthritis, talar articular defect were rarely found. Conclusion: Seventy-one percent among patients with chronic ankle sprain and marked ankle instability showed more than one radiologic abnormalities. Thus, more exclusive and accurate ankle examination should be performed in these patients.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to assess the results of arthroscopic subacromial decompression in patients with chronic impingement and to evaluate the results according to the rotator cuff pathology. We evaluated the clinical results of treatment for chronic impingement syndrome in 28 patients from Feb 1996 to Feb 1997. There were twenty men and eight women in age from 24 to 72 years (mean age 51) with dominant arm involvement in sixteen patients. Follow up evaluations averaged 15(range 12-24)months. The average duration of symptoms were 15(range 6­60)months. The final diagnoses which were based on the physical examination, plain radiographs and arthroscopic findings, were stage II impingement in 16 patients and stage ill impingement in 12 patients. We excluded the patients with acromioclavicular arthritis or glenohumeral instability in this study. All patients were managed non-operatively a minimum of six months. During the operation we performed contouring and smoothing the acromial undersurface and only resecting of the anterolateral band of the coracoacromial ligament. The clinical results were quantitated using UCLA shoulder rating score. Satisfactory results were obtained in 23(80%) patients. Unsatisfactory results were obtained in 5(18%) patients with posterior cuff tear. The average UCLA pain score showed significant improvement from 2.8(constant pain) to 7.2(present during heavy activities) at final follow up. The function and active forward flexion scores also increased from their preoperative value. There was no significant differences according to the surface and severity of tear and NeeI' stage (P>0.05). These results compared favorably with those reported following open acromioplasty. While arthroscopic subacromial decompression is a demanding technique with a learning curve, it is a reliable treatment for chronic impingement syndrome. A less aggressive approach to subacromial decompression and preserving the posteromedial band of the coracoacromialligament does not appear to compromise results.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2008

Antioxidant and anti-rheumatoid activities of Cirsium japonicum leaf extract (CJLE) were investigated in this study. CJLE had similar DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power to ascorbic acid and several flavonoids. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory tissue-destructive disease, partly related with functions of hyaluronidases (HAases) and collgenases. CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) had approximately 60.7 and 31.9% inhibition of HAase and collagenase activity, respectively. Also, CJLE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a dose-dependent manner, and CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed approximately 70% of LPS-induced nitrite production effectively in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CJLE had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers to the basal level. Inhibitory effect of CJLE on the adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-a-upregulated expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. We expect that CJLE may alleviate the inflammatory process in rheumatoid synovium, and these findings will raise the possibility of the usage of C. japonicum as a traditional pharmaceutical of anti-rheumatoid arthritis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2008

저자들은 류마티스 관절염에 동반된 폐섬유증을 진단받은 환자에서 기관거대증과 자발성 종격동기종이 재발되는 예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.559-569
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the supportive nursing care for arthritis patients enrolled in a rheumatoid clinic. To achieve this purpose, this study adopted a quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test research design, categorized subjects into experimental and control groups. Outpatient clinic nurse alloted the subjects by experimental and control groups and nurse researcher meets the experimental subject with in-depth, direct personal interview and advices via telephone for 8 weeks. During this pre and after the treatment period, the level of pain, uncertainty, self-efficacy, family support, and perception for health were measured. Analyses for the measured results for pre- and post-test showed that the supportive program conducted during this study decreased the level of uncertainty and increased the perception of family support in experimental group. So, the supportive healing interpersonal communication service proved to be effective and this result justifies the argument that the role of the nursing professionals at out-patient clinic should be extended for the more qualified care for the patient.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2015

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a host of malignancies. But recently, MTX has also been used as a therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, MTX is an antimetabolite that affects rapidly dividing normal cells such as oral mucosal epithelial cells, gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and bone marrow cells-which explains why oral mucositis is often an initial manifestation of MTX toxicity. Because oral lesions are frequently initially presented in dental clinics, dentists should consider the possibility of adverse drug reactions in the differential diagnoses of oral lesions through a meticulous collection of patients' medical histories. In this report, we examine patients who suffered from oral ulcerative lesions upon diagnosis of MTX-induced oral mucositis. Then, we suggest approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of MTX-induced oral mucositis through a review of literature.