• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2002

Objective : This study attempted to evaluate the ultrasonographic diagnosis of sinusitis compared to X-ray diagnosis and further to help the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis through oriental medicine. Methods : Both A-mode ultrasonography and X-ray were taken of 30 symptom-positive patients and 10 symptom-negative controls. Nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, headache (facial pain), hyposmia (anosmia), throat discomfort and chronic cough were included in the symptoms of sinusitis. Both ultrasonographic and X-ray findings were divided into four groups (clear, mucosal thickening, air-fluid level and cystic shape) according to severity. Results : 1. The symptoms of patients (n=30) were as follows: nasal obstruction (83.3%), rhinorrhea (70.0%), postnasal drip (60.0%), chronic cough (53.3%), headache (40.0%), throat discomfort (40.0%), hyposmia (26.7%). 2. There was a significant correlation between symptoms and ultrasonographic findings (n=40, ${\gamma}=0.550$, P=0.001). 3. There was a significant correlation between symptoms and X-ray findings (n=40, ${\gamma}=0.555$, P=0.001). 4. There was a significant whole coincidence between ultrasonographic and X-ray findings (n=60, ${\gamma}=0.335, P=0.00l). Moreover, there was a significant coincidental trend between the two findings as they became severe (n=60, ${\gamma}=6.284$, P=0.012). 5. The distance of the ultrasonographic echoes was as follows: clear echo (n=9, from transducer pulse to air mucosa echo) $0.90{\pm}0.19cm$, mucosal thickening echo (n=23, from transducer pulse to air mucosa echo) 1.85{\pm}0.14cm, air-fluid level echo (n=26, from transducer pulse to back wall echo) $3.70{\pm}0.16cm$. 6. The highest diagnostic reliability of the ultrasonographic findings compared to X-ray findings was as follows: over-diagnosis in clear finding 77.3%, matched diagnosis in mucosal thickening finding 62.0%, matched diagnosis in air-fluid level finding 86.7%, matched diagnosis and under-diagnosis in cystic shape finding 50.0%. 7. In mucosal thickening, air-fluid level and cystic shape finding, there was a significant individual coincidence between the ultrasonographic and X-ray findings. In clear finding, there was no significant individual coincidence between the two findings. Conclusion : The ultrasonographic diagnosis significantly reflects the symptoms of sinusitis like X-ray diagnosis and is a valuable tool to screen prognostic factors such as mucosal thickening, air-fluid level and cyst. Therefore the ultrasonography will be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis in oriental medicine.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.174-178
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• 2019

A fungal ball (FB) of the paranasal sinuses is a chronic, non-invasive fungal sinusitis defined as the accumulation of dense aggregation of fungal hyphae in a sinus cavity. A patient with FB infection in a sinus cavity has usually non-specific symptoms such as post-nasal drip, nasal congestion, headache. However, facial pain and toothache can be developed if FB infection is in maxillary sinus. The aim of this case report is to present two cases of FB of the maxillary sinus which caused toothache in the upper molar region. It is also to make dental practitioners consider the non-odontogenic origins of toothache and to pay special attention to avoid unnecessary dental treatment.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.16.3-17
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• 1982

Nasal polyps were apparently common in many parts of the world and treated for nearly three thousand years. Nasal polyps are round, smooth, soft, semi-translucent, yellow or pale glistening structures, usually attached to the nasal or sinus mucosa by a relatively narrow stalk or pedicle. The incidence of nasal polyps is increased in patients with atopic diseases; it varies from 15% to 25% and now increased using allergy therapy for nasal polyposis treatment. Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the sinuses. Many agents can cause an inflammatory response, including organisms such as bacteria and viruses, physical and chemical trauma, and antigen antibody reactions. The role of antigen antibody interactions (allergy) in simusitis is not completely understood ; however, patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps have a high incidence of sinusitis. Recently authors have experienced two cured cases of nasal polyposis combined with chronic sinusitis by allergy therapy, that cases were treated only allergy thereapy after Caldwell Luc operation with ethmoidectomy and polypectomy. At now cases were not recur of nasal polyps and nasal symptoms. So the cases were reported with a brief review of literature.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.144-147
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• 2022

Chronic maxillary sinusitis is a common disease, with symptoms of dull, aching pain or pressure below the eyes and signs such as tenderness over the involved sinus, whereas trigeminal neuralgia is described as severe, paroxysmal, and lancinating brief pain limited in distributions of one or more divisions of trigeminal nerve. In cases where these two non-odontogenic toothache symptoms overlaps, the diagnostic process can be confusing. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old male patient with chief complaints of intermittent, severe, and electric-like pain in the upper left premolar and first molar area, initially diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia but finally with maxillary sinusitis after pain recurrence 2 years after that. Therefore, thorough history taking and precise imaging interpretation should be considered to make correct diagnose especially in case of a patient with newly developed or altered or atypical symptoms.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2002

Background: Chronic paranasal sinusitis is one of the most common disease in the otorhinolaryngologic field. Endoscopic sinus surgery is treatment of choice in chronic paranasal sinusitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate objective and subjective treatment outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in adult chronic paranasal sinusitis with or without polyp. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 84 adult patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery by one surgeon from June 1999 to June 2000, prospectively. We analyzed preoperative and postoperative subjective symptom scores and acoustic rhinometric results. Results: Fifty cases were male and thirty four cases female. The average age was of 33 year-old (range: 17 to 66 years). There was significantly improvement of symptom scores in postoperative 3 months and 6 months compared with preoperative symptom scores. There was significantly increased postoperative total volume of nasal cavity. When we compared high score group with low score group, there was statistically significant improvement of symptom scores between preoperative stage and postoperative 3 months in radiologic grading group. Conclusions: Endoscopic sinus surgery is considered to be effective for the treatment of chronic paranasal sinusitis. It seems to be helpful to employ subjective symptom score system and objective total volume change of nasal cavity through acoustic rhinometric test to analyze effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery. In this study, the most important preoperative factor of sinus surgery outcomes is radiologic grading system.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to investigate causes, symptoms and treatments for the Chronic rhinorrhea of children with oriental medical literatures. Methods : We surveyed the oriental and western medical books from to recent published books that have articles on Chronic rhinorrhea. Results and Conclusions : The Chronic rhinorrhea are classified to Bigu and Biruan(鼻淵). Bigu is similar to Allergic Rhinitis and Biyan(鼻淵) is similar to Chronic Sinusitis. The external cause of disease is the invasion of Poong han(風寒) etc a wrong air and the internal causes of disease are the deficiency of the spleen, lung and kidney and inner heat caused by stress. Treatment in Oriental medicine consists of herbal-therapy, acupuncture and moxa. The methods of treatment are expelling of Poong han(風寒) in the early stage and helping the vital energy in the late stage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2002

Purpose : The objectives of this study were to investigate the causes of chronic cough and to establish the appropriate diagnostic approach to chronic cough in children. Methods : One hundred and thirty two cases of chronic cough were prospectively evaluated. They visitors to pediatric chronic cough clinics at Kang-nam saint Mary's Hospital of Catholic University from August 2000 to July 2001 for 12 months. Careful history taking by questionnaire, physical examination, radiologic studies of chest and sinus, hematologic and immunologic studies, allergic skin tests, and methacholine challenge tests were performed. Color doppler(CD) ultrasonography were performed and compared with simultaneous 24 Hr. esophageal pH monitoring to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). Results : Age distributions were demonstrated that nine in infants, 82 in early childhood, 38 in late childhood, and three in adolescence. Common causes of chronic cough were bronchial asthma in 40 cases, chronic sinusitis in 22 cases, GERD in seven cases, bronchial asthma combined with sinusitis in 28 cases, bronchial asthma combined with GERD in 14 cases, psychogenic cough in two. cases, foreign body in one case, chronic bronchitis in one case, and bronchiolitis in one case. Comparing with 24 Hr. pH monitoring, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of CD ultrasonography were 88%, 69%, 85 %, and 73% respectively. Conclusion : The most common causes of chronic cough in children were bronchial asthma, sinusitis and GERD in order. We suggest that CD ultrasonography can be used as a good, convenient screening method for patients with suspected GERD in outpatient settings.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.627-633
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• 2000

A 6-year-old male Basset hound weighing 9.3 kg was presented with a history of severe mucopurulent discharge from the bilateral fronto-nasal area which had been developed progressively over 1 year. At admission, the physical state and appetite of the patient was poor. There was bilateral thick and mucoprulent discharge on the fronto-orbital area with fistula opening in the skin over the frontal bone. A sample of exudate was cultured and fungi were isolated. Radiographically, there was an increased diffuse opacity of the frontal sinus with decreased definition and a thickening of the mucous membrane lining the sinus. This case was finally diagnosed as chronic fungal frontal sinusitis. After surgical obliteration of the sinus, local and systemic antifungal therapy with chlorhexidine and ketoconazole were applicated. The dog had gradually recovered the physical state and appetite.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.489-494
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• 2008

A patient complaining of chronic dull pain in the right maxillary area showed slight haziness and small ovoid radiopacity in the right antrum, which was not extended into the choanal area in radiographic views. At operation, lots of mucoid fluid admixed myxoid soft tissues was discharged and the polypoid mucosal tissues were removed. In histological examination, the removed tissues showed a polyp by the overgrowth of dermal connective tissues exhibiting severe myxoid degeneration. Throughout the entire specimen, the inflammatory reaction was diffuse but not so remarkable to produce the mucosal thickening and necrosis. The polypoid tissues were diffusely infiltrated with neutrophiles and plasma cells, but few eosinophils, resulted in the extensive myxoid degeneration together with severe vascular degeneration. Therefore, we suggest that the antral polyp is basically different in its pathogenesis and prognosis from the common maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin, thus the antral polyp should be carefully diagnosed when the inflamed antral lesion is recurred and diffusely degenerative with myxoid changes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

We have reviewed all cases and epidemiological studies that have reported the association between worker's exposure to metalworking fluids(MWF) and non-malignant respiratory diseases. The followings are main conclusions we critically reviewed. Exposure to MWF was believed to be significantly related to the risk of cough and phlegm. Relative risk caused by straight MWF was found to be higher in exposure to straight MWF than water-soluble MWF. We also found that exposure to water-soluble MWF significantly caused hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and occupational asthma. The main culprits that cause the development of HP and asthma are believed to be microbes contaminated in MWF, ethanolamine and biocides. HP and asthma could be developed at even exposure to lower than $0.5mg/m^3$, exposure level recommended by NIOSH. Most epidemiological studies have reported that relationship between chronic bronchitis and exposure to MWF was significant. Although there were several studies that suggested the significant association between exposure to MWF and the development of rhinitis and sinusitis, we could not conclude the causal relationship because of lack of evidences.