• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.505-512
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life according to the level of subjective perception as well as to analyze the influencing factors and improve the subjective perception to improve the quality of life. The results of the survey for adult patients in hospitals and neighborhood clinics in the region of Busan for nine months from December 2015 were as follows. Regarding the total symptoms, the women had a score of 1.41, and the younger respondents felt they suffered from no symptoms. An analysis of the quality of life by the general characteristics showed that the respondents who were better educated and had no systemic diseases had a higher score of 54.71 on the OHIP-14. The respondents who were better educated and had no systemic diseases had a higher score of 6.48 when a single item was used to determine their happiness index, and the respondents who were better educated and had no systemic diseases had a higher score of 3.82 when five items were used to rate their happiness index. The factor with the greatest influence on their scores on the OHIP-14 was the total symptoms, followed in order by the happiness index and self-rated oral health status. The variable that exerted the largest influence on the happiness index was the OHIP-14, followed by the self-rated health status, high-school or lower education, and the presence or absence of one or more chronic disease. Therefore, an improvement in the subjective awareness level is required to boost the quality of life, and a variety of health education programs should be prepared to raise the awareness level. In addition, there should be a chance to convey accurate information.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2004

Purpose : $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura(HSP) nephritis has a variable range of prevalence from 25 to 50% among HSP patients and is a common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in children. In our study, we evaluated the distribution and the association of the angioten-sinogen(AGT) M235T polymorphism with the clinical manifestations, particularly proteinuria in children with HSP with or without nephritis. Methods : The AGT M235T polymorphism was determined in children with HSP nephritis (n=33) or HSP without nephritis(n=28) who had been diagnosed at Busan Paik hospital from January 1996 to June 2001. The M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene was determined by PCR amplification of the genomic DNA. Results : The M235T polymorphism of AGT gene frequency was MM 75%, MT : 25%, TT : 0% in HSP and MM : 64%, MT : 36%, TT : 0% in HSP nephritis, there was no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups. No significant differences in clinical manifestations at onset and last follow-up were seen between the two genotypes. When statistical analysis was done according to the presence of the M allele, the amount of 24-hour urinary protein excretion and the incidence of moderate to heavy proteinuria(>500 $mg/m^2/day$) at onset and at last follow-up were higher in the MT genotype than in those of in the MM genotype but these difference were not statistically significant. Conclusion : We suggest a lack of association between M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene and clinical manifestations in children with HSP nephritis. However, further follow-up studies based on sufficient number of patients and long term follow up periods are necessary to confirm the role of M235T polymorphism of AGT gene in children with HSP nephritis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: We performed this prospective randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and the complications of radiotherapy for Subfoveal CNV in ARMD and to compare the treatment results at two dosages (14.4 Gy and 19.8 Gy). $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: 60 eyes of 55 patients were enrolled, and randomized into 14.4 Gy (31 eyes) or 19.8 Gy (29 eyes) groups. CT was used to plan the radiotherapy. All patients received radiotherapy with a 1.8 Gy daily dose using 4 MV photon. We categorized treatment results as improved, stable, or deteriorated based on visual acuity changes of more than 2 lines on the ETDRS chart. $\underline{Results}$: Median follow-up period was 33.5 months. At 12 months, visual acuity improved in 9 (16.7%), stable in 41 (75.9%), and aggravated in 4 (7.4%) of 54 evaluated eyes. At 24 months, 49 eyes (81.7%) were evaluated. Visual acuity improved in 6 (12.2%), was stable in 33 (67.4%), and deteriorated in 10 (20.4%). At 36 months, 37 eyes were evaluated. Six (16.2%) eyes were improved, 21 (56.8%) stable, and 10 (27.0%) deteriorated. No significant difference in response was observed between the 14.4 Gy and 19.8 Gy groups (Mantel-Haenszel $x^2=0.4756$). The proportion of eyes with a vision of $20/100{\leq}increased$ from 28.3% initially to 32.7% after 24 months of radiotherapy. There were no severe acute or chronic complications. $\underline{Conclusion}$: External beam radiotherapy with doses of 14.4 or 19.8 Gy may be an effective treatment for subfoveal CNV in ARMD. No dose-response relationships with respect to treatment response or toxicity were observed between the 14.4 Gy and 19.8 Gy groups.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.746-753
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• 1998

Background : Cigarette smoking is closely related to both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The incidence of lung cancer is higher in patients with obstructive ventilatory impairment than in patients without obstructive ventilatory impairment regardless of smoking. So, obstructive ventilatory impairment is suspected as an independent risk factor of lung cancer. Methods: For the evaluation of the role of obstructive ventilatory impairment as a risk factor of lung cancer, a total of 73 cases comprising 47 cases of malignant and 26 benign solitary pulmonary nodule were analyzed retrospectively. A comparative study of analysis of forced expiratory volume curves and frequencies of obstructive ventilatory impairment were made between cases with malignant and benign nodules. Results: In comparison of vital capacity and parameters derived from forced expiratory volume curve between two groups. VC, FVC and $FEV_1$ were not significantly different. whereas $FEV_1/FVC%$ and FEF 25-75% showed a significant decrease in the cases with malignant nodule. The frequency of obstructive ventilatory impairment determined by pulmonary function test was significantly higher in the cases with malignant nodule(23.4%) than in benign nodule(3.8%). When the risk for lung cancer was examined by the presence or absence of obstructive ventilatory impairment using the logistic regression analysis, the unadjusted relative risk for the lung cancer of obstructive ventilatory impairment was 17.17. When the effect of smoking and age were considered, the relative risk was to 8.13. Conclusion: These findings suggest that an obstructive ventilatory impairment is a risk factor of lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.697-704
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• 1998

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by a marked infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa. Asthmatic bronchial mucosa produces many factors described as being chemotactic for inflammatory cells. IL-5, RANTES, and MCP-1 alpha are the chemotactic factors for eosinophils, but their roles are controversial. Recently eotaxin that is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine was detected in a guinea-pig model of allergic airway inflammation, and human eotaxin was cloned. Eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophils, but its role in asthma is not confirmed. We examined the in vivo expression of eotaxin in bronchi of asthmatic patients. Methods : 11 asthmatics and 2 normal controls were enrolled. All subjects were underwent bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsies in 2nd or 3rd carina. RNA extraction from biopsy samples was done by acid-guanidium method. Semi-quantitaive RT-PCR was done for evaluation of eotaxin mRNA expression The extent of eosinophil infiltration was evaluated by counting the eosinophils in submucosa in HPF of microscope. Results : Eotaxin mRNA expressed in symptomatic, uncontrolled asthma. Steroid inhibited expression of eotaxin mRNA in asthma. Expression of eotaxin mRNA correlated with eosinophil infiltration in bronchial tissues. Conclusion: Expression of eotaxin mRNA increases in uncontrolled asthma and eotaxin is involved in the recruitment of eosinophils.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.638-645
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• 1993

Objectives: The functional effects of pulmonary resection are dependent on the preexisting function of resected and remaining tissue as well as on the compensatory potential of the remaining tissue. Nowadays, large pulmonary resections are usually applied to lung cancer patients often already compromised by chronic lung disease. It is important to evaluate the pulmonary reserve after lung resection preoperatively in the decision of operability and extent of resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of pulmonary function after pulmonary resection. Methods: 8 lobectomized and 8 pneumonectomized patients were evaluated. The pulmonary function test was performed preoperatively and in immediate postoperative period and thereafter to 5 years at 3 months interval. Results: 1) The pulmonary function 1 week after operation was significantly low compared with predicted values in, lobectomy and pneumonectomy groups(p<0.05), and improved closely to their predicted values 3 months after operation. 2) The FVC was maintained above predicted value at 6-24 months and similar to predicted value thereafter in lobectomy group. In pneumonectomy group, the FVC maintained similar to predicted value at 6-36 months and improved above its predicted value thereafter. 3) The FEV1 was maintained similar to their predicted values from 6 months to 5 years after operation in both groups. 4) The FEV1/FVC did not change in the course of time in both groups. 5) The FEF25-75% was maintained similar to predicted value at 6-60 months after operation in lobectomy group, but it decreased under predicted value after 1 year in pneumonectomy group. 6) The MVV was maintained similar to predicted value at 6-24 months and decrease thereafter in lobectomy group. In pneumonectomy group, the MVV was maintained at 6-60 months after operation. 7) The differeces in the pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, MVV) between two groups were seen only at 6 months after operation(p<0.05). Conclusion: The pulmonary function was markedly decreased immediately after operation, improved similar to predicted value at 1-3 months, highest at 6 months, and maintained similar to the predicted value to 5 years after pulmonary resection. The difference in the pulmonary function between two groups was the most at 6 months after operation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2006

Treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with lamivudine is effective in suppressing virus replication and results in reduced inflammatory activity. However the most troublesome problem of lamivudine treatment is the emergence of lamivudine-resistant strains with amino acid substitution in the YMDD motif of DNA polymerase gene during the treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the mutation of YMDD motif (codon 552) and codon 528 in chronic HBV patients with lamivudine therapy using PCR-direct sequencing and to investigate the relationship between lamivudine mediated HBV mutation and HBeAg. HBV DNA was extracted from serum samples of HBV patients and amplified by nested PCR with two sets of primer pairs selected in HBV DNA polymerase gene. Amplified PCR product was analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. HBV mutation was detected in 124 out of 207 samples (60%). Single mutation was 50.8% for M552I, 43.5% for M552V, 5.7% for M552I/V and the L528M mutation was 67.0%. Double mutation was 43.6% for M552V/L528M, 33.1% for M552I/L528(wild type), 17.7% for M552I/L528M and 5.6% for M552I/V/L528M. Serine mutation at YMDD motif (M552S) was not found and the L528M mutation frequently accompanied M552V type. In this study, the typical difference of frequencies for HBV mutation depending on HBeAg was not found. Moreover, the PCR-direct sequencing method used in this study might be a powerful tool for the mutation study in clinical reference laboratories with high volume.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 1997

Purpose: To prevent residual physical disability and chronic infection, prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment are important in the skeletal infections in children. Although radioisotope scanning is knwon as the method of choice for early diagnosis of bone infection, we conducted a study on twenty nine children who had skeletal infections to reevaluate the most appropriate way in diagnosis and management. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on twenty nine children, who were admitted to the departments of Pediatrics and Orthopedic Surgery and who had acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, through review of medical records, radiologic & radioisotope study results. Their diagnoses were confirmed by bacteriologic cultures on the aspirated specimens from suspected bony lesions. Results: 1) Among twenty nine patients, there were 6 infants including 5 newborn infants, and 23 children were aged between 1 and 15 years. Male to female ratio was 1.4 to 1. 2) Point tenderness was noted in all cases, and the common physical signs were swelling, limitation of motion, fever and local heat in the order of frequency. 3) Fifty two percents of the patients were diagnosed within a week after onset of symptoms and all cases were within 15 days. 4) Leukocytosis was noted in only 58.6% of cases but erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased in all cases except only one case. Staphylococcus aureus was revealed as the most common etiologic agent. 5) Radioisotope scans showed hot uptake in five of six cases(83.3%) who had no abnormal finding on plain skeletal radiolograms. Conclusions: Although radioisotope scan and MRI are helpful in early diagnosis before radiologic finding was detected on plain X-ray film, the antimicrobial therapy can be started after bacteriologic study of the aspirated specimens from the suspected skeletal lesions if skeletal infection is highly suspected clinically.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.90-103
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to compare two approach to assessment of coping patterns. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. The study participants were out patients 113 of rheumatoid arthritis center of one University hospitals in Seoul. Datas were collected from Nov. 13 to Nov. 24, 1995. The instruments used for this study were Graphic Rating Scales of pain, The Beck Depression Inventory and Coping Patterns tool. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, means, SD, factor analysis., Pearsons' correlations and ANOVA. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. When raw scores were used : there were not correlation in all three coping patterns. 2. When relative scores were used : there were significantly correlated in all three coping patterns. 1) Active coping and Positive-cognitive coping (r=-0.352, p< 0.0001) 2) Positive-cognitive coping and Negative-cognitive coping (r=-0.594, p< 0.0001) 3) Active coping and Negative-cognitive coping(r=-0.544, p< 0.0001) The results of this research with relative scales provided more insight into the correlation in all three coping patterns. 3. Pearsons' Correlations were computed for each coping pattern, age, pain level, duration of pain and BDI. 1) Using raw score : (1) Active coping was significantly related to pain level(sensory score ; r=0.268, p<0.05, affective score ; r=0.266, p< 0.05) (2) Positive-cognitive coping was significantly related to age (r=-0.252, p< 0.05), pain level (sensory score ; r= -0.244, p< 0.05) (3) Negative-cognitive coping was significantly related to depression level (r=0.312 p< 0.0001). 2) Using relative score (1) Active coping was significantly related to pain level(sensory score ; r=0.299, p<0.05, affective score ; r=0.246, p< 0.05) (2) Positive-cognitive coping was significantly related to age (r= -0.187, P< 0.05), pain level (sensory score ; r=-0.317, p<0.0001, affective score : r=-0.305, p<0.0001) and depression level(-0.339, p<0.0001)) (3) Negative-cognitive coping was significantly related to depression. level(r=0.313, p<0.0001). 4. When raw and realtive coping scores were compared to those of age groups, religious groups and BDI level(high, middle, low) ; 1) Using raw score : (1) Active coping : there were not significantly difference (2) Positive-cognitive coping ; 20-39 age group and 50-59age group had significantly higher scores than over 60age group. BDI-low level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. (3) Negative-cognitive coping : 20-39age group and over 60age group had significantly higher scores than 40-49age group. Non-religious group had significantly higher scores than christian group. BDI-high level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. 2) Using relative score : (1) Active coping : over 60 age group had significantly higher scores than 20-39 age group and 40-49age group had significantly higher scores than 20-39 age group (2) Positive-cognitive coping ; 40-49age group, 20-39age group and 50-59age group had significantly higher scores than over 60age group. Christian group had significantly higher scores than non-religious group. BDI-low level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. (3) Negative-cognitive coping ; Non-religious group had significantly higher scores than christian group and buddhistic group. BDI-high level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. The current data suggest that relative scores may yield a different perspective on coping patters than raw scores. The use of relative scores reveals the relation clearly, without its being blurred statistically by the effect of other coping strategies or being relegated to a partial correlation. The use of relative scores holds promise for delineating the relations between ways of coping and health-related behavior.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 2019

Purpose: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is emphasized as standard care for children with life-limiting conditions to improve the quality of life. In Korea, a government-funded pilot program was launched only in July 2018. Given that, this study examined various PPC delivery models in other countries to refine the PPC model in Korea. Methods: Target countries were selected based on the level of PPC provided there: the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, and Singapore. Relevant literature, websites, and consultations from specialists were analyzed by the integrative review method. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar, focusing publications since 1990, and on-site visits were conducted to ensure reliability. Analysis was performed on each country's process to develop its PPC scheme, policy, funding model, target population, delivery system, and quality assurance. Results: In the United Kingdom, community-based free-standing facilities work closely with primary care and exchange advice and referrals with specialized PPC consult teams of children's hospitals. In the United States, hospital-based specialized PPC consult teams set up networks with hospice agencies and home healthcare agencies and provide PPC by designating care coordinators. In Japan, palliative care is provided through several services such as palliative care for cancer patients, home care for technology-dependent patients, other support services for children with disabilities and/or chronic conditions. In Singapore, a home-based PPC association plays a pivotal role in providing PPC by taking advantage of geographic accessibility and cooperating with tertiary hospitals. Conclusion: It is warranted to identify unmet needs and establish an appropriate PPD model to provide need-based individualized care and optimize PPC in South Korea.