• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-192
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• 1997

As the population over the age of 65 increases, the demand for nurses who care for this group also continues to grow. Well-prepared nurses who are knowledgeable and skilled for the elderly can be prepared through systematic gerontological nursing curricula. This study was carried out to identify the needs for gerontological nursing curricular contents. The subjects for this study were two participant groups the educators who teach gerontological nursing in three-year and four-year baccalaureate nursing programs, and the nurses who are working with the elderly in hospitals, community health centers, social welfare agencies, and community health practioner's posts. The major findings of the study are as follows : 1. The differences between actual contents and essential contents of the educators : Concerning the actual contents that is actually taught, the educators showed the highest scores on the demographics of older adults and the lowest scores on the cultural variations affecting health care. Regarding the essential contents, the educators showed the highest scores on the demographics and the lowest scores on the economics of aging. Aside from the demographics, all of the items were found to have significant differences between essential and actual contents. This implies that all the content areas except demographics should be emphasized. 2. The differences between actual knowledge and essential knowledge of the nurses : Concerning the nurses' actual knowledge, the nurses showed the highest scores on the common health problems and their treatment and the lowest scores on the politics of aging. Regarding the essential knowledge, nurses showed the highest scores on the chronic illness and common health problems and the lowest scores on their roles and functions. However, they thought all the items to be essential. All of the items were found to have significant differences between actual and essential knowledge. The nurses who studied gerontological nursing in their school years and after graduating had more knowledge. However, they felt more knowledge was needed. This implies that the nurses need more education in all content areas of gerontological nursing. 3. The differences between educators and nurses : Concerning the essential contents, the educators showed higher scores on the demographics and growth and development than the nurses. Whereas, the nurses showed higher scores on the cultural variations, long-term care, economics of aging, politics of aging, legal and ethical issues, and common health problems than the educators. 4. Activities of nursing care for the elderly : Most common activities were related to direct nursing care such as giving physical care, counseling/teaching clients, and assessing and planning care for the clients. Nurses thought that all the items were critical, but they showed relatively low scores on the following :'serve on multidisciplinary committee', 'preparing reports', 'evaluation of outcomes of care', 'determine policy for nursing service', 'set patient care standards', and 'participate in nursing research' The constraints in providing better nursing service were time constraints, administrative restraints, social restraints, and inadequate knowledge.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.647-651
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• 1996

Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH) appears to arise from Langerhans cell and comprises a spectrum of clinical disease previously described in the literature by a variety of eponyms including histiocytosis X, eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and Letterer-Siwe syndrome. This rare disorder occurs in all groups, predominently affecting children & young adults. LCH has a wide spectrum of clinical features. The differentiation of several forms of this disease is primarily a clinical and not a histologic one. The radiographic characteristics include the appearance of solitary "intraosseous" lesions, the multiplicity of "alveolar bone" lesions, the bone lesions, periosteal new bone formation, and slight root resorption. Prognosis of a single bone lesion, is known to be excellent. In contrast, disseminated disease has seen associated with a chronic course, a high rate of morbidity and late consequences, and possible mortality. Treatment of LCH remains problematic. Treatment of multisystem disease, where organ function is being compromised has generally been with high-dose systemic corticosteroids or multiple chemotherapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 1994

Histiocytosis-X is a tenn used to define three diseases with similar morphologic characteristics : Letterer-Siwe diseae, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Eosinophilic granuloma. In general, they differ in terms of their age of onset, severity of clinical course and site of involvement. Eosinophilic granuloma typically is seen in young adults. Eosinophilic granuloma is diagnosed in the presense of diffuse pulmonary infiltrate, bony involvement. However, the pulmonary radiologic findings of eosinophilic granuloma are variable accordinary to stage of disease. therefore pathologic diagnosis of involving site is essential for confirmative diagnosis of eosinophilic grananuloma. Pathologically. the three disease are characterized by granulomatous infiltration of alveolar septa and bronchial walls and often involvement of bone. The hallmark of this disease is proliferation of the Langerhans' cell. The identifying feature is the X-body or Birbeck granule that is present in Langerhans' cells and histiocytic cells found in the lung of EG patient. We report a case of bilatera1, recurrent and spontaneous pneumothoraces in a 21 year old man with pulmonary histiocytosis-X, which is confirmed by eosinophilc granuloma in bone marrow biopsy and ultrastructural examination in cells obtained from BAL.