• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.451-458
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• 1990

Lean and obese male spontaneously hypertensive(SHR/Mcc-cp) rats were fed a ground rat chow diet with or without 0.001% estrone added from 6 to 18 weeks of age. Urine samples were collected weekly with 24 hour fasting. Both control lean and obese rats showed significantly higher urinary protein than their estrone treated counterparts. Treatment with 0.001% estrone diet was found to reduced the proteinuria in the maturing lean and obese SHR/Mcc-cp rats. Peaks in urinary protein level were noted at 16 weeks of age in both lean and obese control rats. Both control and estrone treated lean rats showed higher proteinuria than the obese rats. Therefore, obesity does not appear to be a contributing factor to the proteinuria in young male SHR/Mcc-cp rats.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2011

한 유역에서 유출 모형의 성공을 좌우할 수 있는 중요한 요소 중 하나는 강수 손실량(precipitation loss)을 결정하는 것이다. 손실량은 홍수 예측이나 수자원 평가를 위한 유출 모형의 주요 입력 자료가 된다. 만족할 만한 유출 모형을 구현하기 위해서는 손실량의 정확한 평가가 요구된다(Najafi, 2003). 총 강우량 중에서 손실량을 뺀 초과 강우량 또는 유효 강우량은 치수적 측면이든 이수적 측면에서 요구되는 직접 유출량(direct runoffs)에 상당하는 규모로서 유출 모형에서 매우 중요하다. 이제까지 많은 경우에 직접 유출되는 유효 강수량은 총강수량에서 주요 손실량 성분인 침투량을 감하여 산출하여 왔다. 이 때 침투량은 호우사상별로 적게는 유출량의 30%에서 많게는 100%까지 차지할 만큼 주요한 손실 성분으로 취급되었다(Chow, 1964 ; Singh, 1989). 침투량을 산정하기 위한 기존 모형내 포함되는 매개변수 값은 실용적으로 잘 정립되지 않았기 때문에 유출 모형에 실제 적용하는데 어려움이 있다. 한편 침투량 산정 모형 중에 Horton 모형은 가장 잘 알려져 있는 모형 중 하나이다(Horton, 1939 ; 1940). 후속 성과(Blake et al., 1968; Rawls et al., 1976)은 있었지만 모형내 매개변수 값을 결정해야 하는 실용상의 어려운 점이 있다(Singh, 1989). 그리고 국내 초과 강수량 산출 모형에 관한 연구사례가 다수(조홍제,1986; 남선우와 최은호, 1990; 정성원과 김승, 1991; 안태진 등, 2000; 박햇님과 조원철, 2002; 유주환, 2006) 있었지만 시간적으로 연속함수를 갖는 Horton 침투 모형을 실무적으로 이산화 하여 적용할 수 있도록 하는 방법의 절차 및 원칙이 제시되지 않아 유출 모형에 직접 적용하기 쉽지 않은 형편이다. 이에 본 발표에서는 한 유역에서 Horton 매개변수를 결정한 기존 연구(2006, 유주환)의 성과를 적용한 Horton 침투모형을 강수사상별 이산화한 시간별로 적용하는 절차와 적용 원칙을 소개하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.4098-4105
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to calculate the JO-IMRT dose distributions based on the AAPM TG-119 using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and Prowess Panther treatment planning system (TPS) (Panther, Prowess Inc., Chico, CA). JO-IMRT dose distributions of AAPM TG-119 were calculated by the TPS and were recalculated by MC simulation. The DVHs and 3D gamma index using global methods implemented in the PTW-VeriSoft with 3%/3 mm were used for evaluation. JO-IMRT dose distributions calculated by TPS and MC were matched the TG-119 goals. The gamma index passing rates with 3%/3 mm were 98.7% for multi-target, 96.0% for mock prostate, 95.4% for mock head-and-neck, and 96.6% for C-shape. The dose in the planning target volumes (PTV) for TPS was larger than that for the MC. The relative dose differences in D99 between TPS and MC for multi-target are 1.52%, 0.17% and 1.40%, for the center, superior and inferior, respectively. The differences in D95 are 0.16% for C-shape; and 0.06% for mock prostate. Mock head-and-neck difference is 0.40% in D99. In contrast, the organ curve for TPS tended to be smaller than MC values. JO-IMRT dose distributions for the AAPM TG-119 calculated by the TPS agreed well with the MC.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.160-172
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nutritional status and food intake during pregnancy and lactation can affect fetal programming. In the current metabolic syndrome epidemic, high-fructose diets have been strongly implicated. This study investigated the effect of maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation on the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Drinking water with or without 20% fructose was administered to female C57BL/6J mice over the course of their pregnancy and lactation periods. After weaning, pups ate regular chow. Accu-Chek Performa was used to measure glucose levels, and a tail-cuff method was used to examine systolic blood pressure. Animals were sacrificed at 7 months, their livers were excised, and sections were stained with Oil Red O and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Kidneys were collected for gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Adult offspring exposed to maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation presented with heavier body weights, fattier livers, and broader areas under the curve in glucose tolerance test values than control offspring. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in the maternal high-fructose group were higher than that in controls. However, there were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes and sodium transporter genes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation induces metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in adult offspring.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.454-463
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• 2022

Background: Gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF), a non-saponin fraction of ginseng, is a novel glycolipoprotein rich in hydrophobic amino acids. GEF has recently been shown to regulate lipid metabolism and browning in adipocytes; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects on energy metabolism and whether it affects sarcopenic obesity are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of GEF on skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods: To examine the effect of GEF on sarcopenic obesity, 4-week-old male ICR mice were used. The mice were divided into four groups: chow diet (CD), HFD, HFD supplemented with 50 mg/kg/day GEF, or 150 mg/kg/day GEF for 6 weeks. We analyzed body mass gain and grip strength, histological staining, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence to quantify changes in sarcopenic obesity-related factors. Results: GEF inhibited body mass gain while HFD-fed mice gained 22.7 ± 2.0 g, whereas GEF-treated mice gained 14.3 ± 1.2 g for GEF50 and 11.8 ± 1.6 g for GEF150 by downregulating adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis and browning in white adipose tissue (WAT). GEF also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis threefold in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, GEF-treated skeletal muscle exhibited decreased expression of muscle-specific atrophic genes, and promoted myogenic differentiation and increased muscle mass and strength in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that GEF may have potential uses in preventing sarcopenic obesity by promoting energy expenditure and attenuating skeletal muscle atrophy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.657-665
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• 2022

Background: Sarcopenia is a new and emerging risk factor aggravating the quality of life of elderly population. Because Korean Red Ginseng (RG) is known to have a great effect on relieving fatigue and enhancing physical performance, it is invaluable to examine its potential as an anti-sarcopenic drug. Methods: Anti-sarcopenic effect of non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng (RGNS) was evaluated in C2C12 myoblasts treated with C2-ceramide to induce senescence phenotypes, and 22-month-old mice fed with chow diet containing 2% RGNS (w/w) for 4 further months. Results: The RGNS treatment significantly alleviated cellular senescence indicated by intracellular lipid accumulation, increased amount of lysosomal β-galactosidase, and reduced proliferative capacity in C2C12 myoblasts. This effect was not observed with saponin fraction. In an aged mouse, the 4-month-RGNS diet significantly improved aging-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, assessed by the weights of hindlimb skeletal muscles such as tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (SOL), and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of SOL muscle, and the behaviors in grip strength and hanging wire tests, respectively. During the same period, an aging-associated shift of fast-to slow-twitch muscle in SOL muscle was also retarded by the RGNS treatment. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the long-term diet of RGNS significantly prevented aging-associated muscle atrophy and reduced physical performance, and thus RGNS has a strong potential to be developed as a drug that prevents or improves sarcopenia.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.617-641
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• 2022

In this study, we first present a brief overview of the Korean general insurance market. We then explore the characteristics of the loss ratios of the Korean general insurance industry and apply Markov regime-switching methodology to model the loss ratios of these insurance companies by line of business based on changes in economic regimes. This study applies a number of confirmatory tests such as Zivot-Andrews test (2002), the Chow (1960) test and the Bai and Perron (1998) to confirm the presence of structural breaks in the time series of the loss ratios by line of business. Then, we employ Markov regime-switching methodology to model these loss ratios. We find empirical evidence that the loss ratios reported by insurance companies in Korea is characterized by two distinct regimes; a regime with high volatility and a regime with low volatility, except for vehicle insurance. Our analyses suggest that macro-economic conditions have significant explanatory effect on loss ratios but the direction of effect differs based on the line of business and the regime. Unlike previous studies that have applied linear regressions or divided the samples into different periods and then apply linear regressions to model loss ratios, we argue for the application of Markov regime-switching methodology, which are able to automatically distinguish the different regimes that may be associated with the movements of loss ratios based on differing economic conditions and regulatory upheavals. This study provides a more in depth understanding of loss ratios in the general insurance industry and will be of value to insurance practitioners in modelling the loss ratios associated with their businesses to aid in their decision making. The results may also provide a basis for further studies in other markets apart from Korea as well as for shaping policy decisions related to loss ratios.

• KNOM Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2021

In recent, there is research to maximize production by preventing failures/accidents in advance through fault diagnosis/prediction and factory automation in the industrial field. Cloud technology for accumulating a large amount of data, big data technology for data processing, and Artificial Intelligence(AI) technology for easy data analysis are promising candidate technologies for accomplishing this. Also, recently, due to the development of fault diagnosis/prediction, the equipment maintenance method is also developing from Time Based Maintenance(TBM), being a method of regularly maintaining equipment, to the TBM of combining Condition Based Maintenance(CBM), being a method of maintenance according to the condition of the equipment. For CBM-based maintenance, it is necessary to define and analyze the condition of the facility. Therefore, we propose a machine learning-based system and data model for diagnosing the fault in this paper. And based on this, we will present a case of predicting the fault occurrence in advance.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.429-439
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• 2023

Background: The incidence and clinical importance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged. However, effective therapeutic strategies for NAFLD have yet to be found. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) is a traditional herb in Eastern Asia with therapeutic effects in many chronic disorders. However, the precise effects of ginseng extract on NAFLD are currently unknown. In present study, the therapeutic effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) on the progression of NAFLD were explored. Methods: Twelve-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow or western diet supplemented with high sugar water solution with or without Rg3-RGE. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serum biochemistry, western blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR were used for in vivo experiment. Conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cell (CiGEnC) and primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were used for in vitro experiments. Results: Eight weeks of Rg3-RGE treatment significantly attenuated the inflammatory lesions of NAFLD. Furthermore, Rg3-RGE inhibited the inflammatory infiltrate in liver parenchyma and the expression of adhesive molecules to LSECs. Moreover, the Rg3-RGE exhibited similar patterns on the in vitro assays. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that Rg3-RGE treatment ameliorates NAFLD progression by inhibiting chemotaxis activities in LSECs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2024

Purpose: The carbohydrate-restricted diet has been recognized to be effective into preventing and alleviating lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The rare sugar ᴅ-allulose is a functional monosaccharide with anti-obesity effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary ᴅ-allulose on body fat accumulation in rats fed severely carbohydrate-restricted diets containing high concentrations of different fats, beef tallow, or soybean oil. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 35, 3-week-old) were divided into 5 groups: One chow-fed control (C) group, and four carbohydrate-restricted groups, namely, beef tallow (B), beef tallow + ᴅ-allulose (BA), soybean oil (S), and soybean oil + ᴅ-allulose (SA), with free access to the diet and water for 8 weeks. The B and BA diets contained 23% beef tallow and 2% soybean oil, whereas the S and SA diets contained 25% soybean oil. Furthermore, the BA and SA diets contained 5% ᴅ-allulose. Results: The final body weight, weight gain, and food intake were significantly higher, and food efficiency was significantly lower in the control group compared to the other carbohydrate-restricted groups. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue, carcass fat, and total body fat weights were not influenced by dietary fat type or ᴅ-allulose supplementation, except for the epididymal adipose tissue weight. In contrast, carbohydrate restriction suppressed body weight gain in rats, but remarkably increased body fat accumulation. Conclusion: Under carbohydrate-restricted conditions, no anti-obesity effects of dietary ᴅ-allulose were observed, regardless of the dietary fat type. The causes of these effects are unknown. However, they may be influenced by a very low carbohydrate and high protein diet. Further research is required to elucidate the effects of ᴅ-allulose under various nutrient compositions with different fat, carbohydrate, and protein energy ratios.