• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.217-235
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• 2011

On recognizing the significance of Walter Benjamin's "The Task of a Translator" in recent discourses of postcolonial cultural translation, this essay examines the creative postcolonialist appropriations of Benjamin's theory of translation and their political implications. In an effort to dismantle the imperialist political hierarchy between the West and the non-West, modernity and its "primitive" others, which has been the operative premise of the traditional translation studies and anthropology, newly emergent discourses of cultural translation actively adopts Benjamin's notion of translation that does not prioritize the original text's claim on authenticity. Benjamin theorizes each text-translation as well as the original-as an incomplete representation of the pure language. Eschewing formalistic views propounded by deconstructionist critics like Paul de Man, who tend to regard Benjamin's notion of the untranslatable purely in terms of the failure inherent in the language system per se, such postcolonialist critics as Tejaswini Niranjana, Rey Chow, and Homi Bhabha, each in his/her unique way, recuperate the significatory potential of historicity embedded in Benjamin's text. Their further appropriation of the concept of the "untranslatable" depends on a radically political turn that, instead of focusing on the failure of translation, salvages historical as well as cultural potentiality that lies between disparate cultural entities, signifying differences, or disjunctures, that do not easily render themselves to existing systems of representation. It may therefore be concluded that postcolonial discourses on cultural translation of Niranhana, Chow, and Bhabha, inspired by Benjamin, each translate the latter's theory into highly politicized understandings of translation, and this leads to an extensive rethinking of the act of translation itself to include all forms of cultural exchange and communicative activities between cultures. The disjunctures between these discourses and Benjamin's text, in that sense, enable them to form a sort of theoretical constellation, which aspires to an impossible yet necessary utopian ideal of critical thinking.

• Water for future
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to examine the methods of estimation, comparing U.S. SCS method and $\Phi$-index with effective rainfall. And also comparision was made among SCS method, Chow method and Mockus method as to the peak discharge of design storm hydrograph by small river basin. Hydrological data of the Shin river basin which was used in this study and the results of study are as follow; 1) As a result of applying the SCS method to determine the effective rainfall out of total rainfall, it turned out that the everage CN of the basin as obtained by the analysis of hydrologic soil-cover complex was varied as follows; AMC-I was 27.9%, AMC-II 16.4%, AMC-III 8.1% less than the value given by SC method using discharge measurement. 2) The comparision of effective rainfall by the ungaged SCS method with that of gauged $\Phi$-index method showed that the $\Phi$-index method showed that the $\Phi$-index method gives large value by 4.7% to those given by hydrograph. The result of analysis by the SCS method resulted in great difference from discharge measurement. 3) The comparision of SCS method, Chow method, and Mockus method showed that dimensionless hydrograph of SCS method and Chow method were close to the peak discharge of the gauged unit hydrograph, while the other methods gave far different results. 4) Attempts were made, for a better adaptation to the Shin river basin, to introduce lag time formula constant of dimensionless hydrograph of the SCS method by using the peak discharge of the gauged flow hydrograph.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on pro- and macro-glycogen utilization and resynthesis. The analyses were further extended for different muscle fibers (type I, type II, & type IIb) as well as tissues (i.e., liver & heart). Total one hundred sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: animals fed standard chow diet (n=40), animals fed saturated fatty acid diet (n=40), animals fed monounsaturated fatty acid (n=40), and animals fed polyunsaturated fatty acid (n=40). Animals in each groups were further divided into five subgroups: sacrificed at REST (n=8), sacrificed at immediately after 3 hr swim exercise (P-0HR, n=8), sacrificed at one hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-1HR, n=8), sacrificed at four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-4HR, n=8), and sacrificed at twenty-four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-24HR, n=8). Soleus (type I), red gastrocnemius (type IIa), white gastrocnemius (type IIb), liver, and heart were dissected out at appropriated time point from all animals, and were used for analyses of pro- & macro-glycogen concentrations. After 8 weeks of dietary interventions, there was no significant difference in body mass in any of dietary conditions (p>.05). After 3 hr swim exercise, blood lactate level was higher compared to resting conditions in all groups, but it was returned to resting value after 1 hr rest (p<.05). Free fatty acid concentration was higher in all high fat fed groups(regardless of fatty acid composition) than CHOW consumed group. At rest, pro- & macro-glycogen concentration was not different from any of experimental groups (p>.05). Regardless of forms of glycogen, the highest level was observed in liver (p<.01), and most cases of supercompensation after 3hr exercise observed in this study were occurred in CHOW fed tissues. Except heart muscle, all tissues used in this study showed that pro- and macro-glycogen concentration was significantly decreased after 3 hr exercise. Based on these results, two conclusions were made: first, there is no different level of glycogen content in various tissues regardless of types of fatty acids consumed and second, the highest mobilization rate would be demonstrated from CHOW fed animals compare to animals that consumed any kinds of fatty acid diet if prolonged exercise is applied.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2012

To determine the prevalence of the primary glaucoma (PG) and occurrence of primary glaucoma in initially non-affected normal eye. Medical records of 7751 dogs presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) of Seoul National University (SNU) between January 2006 and December 2009 were examined. Among 7751 dogs, forty three dogs (0.55%) developed PG. The following breeds were included in the study: 18 American Cocker Spaniels, 17 Shih Tzus, 3 Mixed Breeds, 2 Malteses, 2 Pekingeses, and 1 Chow Chow. The mean onset age of PG in the first eyes was $7.1{\pm}2.3$ years in the all breeds. Compared with Mixed Breed (0.54%), American Cocker Spaniel (3.16%, p = 0.004) and Chow Chow (20%, p = 0.001) had a higher risk of developing glaucoma. Twenty six of 43 dogs (60.1%) were females with male-to-female ratio of 1:1.53. Twenty nine of 33 eyes (87.9%) developed glaucoma in the fellow eye within mean ${\pm}SD$ time of $17.5{\pm}2.7$ months. From this study, American Cocker Spaniel and Shih Tzu were the most frequent PG breed in Korea. Also, unilateral PG dogs developed glaucoma in the non-affected normal eye within approximately 17 months. The results indicate that prophylactic medical therapy with antiglaucoma agents should be considered to delay or prevent developing glaucoma in non-affected normal eye.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-170
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• 1993

In this paper, X, X$_{1}$, X$_{2}$, .. will denote any sequence of pairwise independent random variables with common distribution, and b$_{1}$, b$_{2}$.. will denote any sequence of constants. Using Chung [2, Theorem 4.2.5] and the same idea as in Chow and Robbins [1, Lemma 1 and 2] we have the following lemma.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.52-57
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• 1995

Testing problem of equality between two linear regressions is considered. Chow test is discussed and likelihood ratio test(LR test), F-test and Score test are derived. Score test are compared with other tests and show they are asymptotically equivalent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.257-258
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• 2005

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.425-428
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• 1999

In this note we have generalization of Feller`s theorem to real separable Banach spaces, from which we obtain easily Chow-Robbins “fair" games problem in the Banach spaces.aces.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.227.2-227
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.336-337
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• 2021