• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1991

The studied Nonggeori and Naedeogri granites in the Sangdong area intruded into the Precambrian metasedimentary rocks of the Yulri Group. The Cambro-Ordovician Choseon Supergroup overlied unconformably upon the Yulri Group. Pegmatitic dykes injected into the Yulri Group and the granites, but not in the Choseon Supergroup. Field relationships suggest approximate ages of the intrusive rocks in the studied area belong to the Precambrian. Extremely pure concentrates of muscovites(40-80#) were obtained from the granites by conventional isodynamic magnetic separators. The contents of K and 40Ar in the muscovites show 8.60-8.78% and 98.52-99.11%, respectively. From the potassium contents of the muscovites and the approximate ages, the sample amounts for argon analyses are average of 0.00371gr. The K-Ar ages on the muscovites were revealed as Proterozoic ($1673{\pm}22{\sim}1802.5{\pm}17.5Ma$).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.112-123
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• 2009

The -purpose of this study is to examines the Cheoyongmu's costume of the paintings of Banquets during the Choseon dynasty focusing on the Comparison of the Cheoyongmu's costume in Akhakgwebeom. The method of the study is the literature analysis closely the occurrence, feature, and function of the Cheoyongmu by analyzing the costume process of transition of the eras was analyzed into the function and feature. The research was done by comparing and analyzing the difference of the costume in Akhakgwebeom. In term of difference, of the Cheoyongmu's costume of the paintings of Banquets and Akhakgwebeom had the shape and colour. In headgear, Samo(: 紗帽) or Bokdu was worn and the flower decoration on the Samo and Ui(:衣)was different pattern. The Gilgyong(:吉慶) was not worn. Hye(: 鞋) and Hwa(:靴) was worn and the colour of Hwa was different.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.7-25
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• 2008

This study aims to clarify the architectural characteristics of three houses of Choseon Exhibition. Exposition/exhibitions were thought to be a model for the world. It shows the real status of the development, and thinking with visions at that times; therefore, exhibited house models would be a good source for what to be considered for the ideal houses of that times. Through the study, we could find out as belows. 1. The houses exhibited conserved the sitting-on-floor living style, otherwise the most proposals for house improvement suggested a chair-and-table style because of its hygienic quality and integration of the life at home and at work(school, too). 2. The spacial scheme for-family prior over for-guest was emphasized, but models at the exhibition were structured with Japanese traditional spacial program, such as Jashiki(座敷), Kyakunoma(客の間) or Tsuginoma(次の間), which were all Tatami-floored. 3. Through this exhibition, it is clarified that the architectural society in colonial Korea also tried to improve the modern housings, not only direct reception of the developed proposals. These houses was planned with the acceptance of the locality, such like Ondol, a floor heating facility which the Japanese engineer improve the efficiency. 4. Also these exhibited houses became a start to recognize a house as a product, and spurred on commercialization. As the result, we could find out that these exhibited houses accepted the modern housing proposals selectively, and that even if the exhibitions shows the advance in usual these houses were planned with the very conservative notions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

Although milk, which is a representative western food, has a more than 100-year history in Korea, the preference is controversial. This study examined the milk history of Choseon in 1884~1938. This period was divided into 4 periods regarding the westerner's records and advertisements. Westerners who visited Choseon in 1884~1895 ($1^{st}$ period) recorded the eating habits of Choseon,i.e., no milk consumed, even in insufficient food situation. Among the westerners, medical missionaries began to show or/and recommend condensed milk for sick children. In 1896~1909 ($2^{nd}$ period) newspapers, general shops in Hanseong for westerners showed advertisements of dairy products. In the 1900s, condensed and raw milk were advertised through newspapers. Domestic ranching systems to produce raw milk were established at that time mainly by Japanese. In the 1910s ($3^{rd}$ period), raw milk and condensed milk were advertised in newspapers. Since the mid-1920s ($4^{th}$ period), dairy products were bisected into condensed and powdered (dried) milk. Moreover, many Japanese manufacturers appeared in the advertisement in the 1920s. These results suggest that milk has been recognized as a symbol of an enlightenment food in Korea since the late 1900s, but the old negative wisdom, unfamiliar taste, and high price of milk at that time limited its appeal.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 1986

The area of this study is located in the Sang dong district, Youngwol Gun, Kangwon Do, where the Ogcheon fold belt comes into contact with the Ryongnam massif. The area is covered by the Precambrian metasedimentary rocks of Yulri Group in the south from the line of Ungyosan-Maebongsan-Jansan-Taebaegsan Mountains and by the Cambro-Ordovician sedimentary rocks of Choseon Supergroup in the north. The Choseon Supergroup unconformably overlies the Yulri group. Several granitic intrusives occur in the Precambrian and Cambro-Ordovician terrain. The purpose of this study is to clarify the geochronology, mineralogical composition, geochemical characteristics, petrogenesis and tectonic settings of the Precambrian granitic rocks, and to evaluate the P.T. conditions of granitic intrusions. The K/Ar ages obtained from the muscovite of Nonggeori Granite, Naedeogri granite and pegmatite intruded into the Yulri Group are Early Proterozoic ($1805{\pm}18Ma$ to $1642{\pm}23Ma$), and those from the migmatitic pegmatite are Late Carboniferous ($305{\pm}4Ma$), respectively. The Precambrian granitic rocks are characterized by the presence of muscovite, tourmaline and grey feldspar with faint lineation of mafic minerals. In terms of mineralogical and chemical composition, the granitic rocks are felsic, calc-alkalic, peraluminous and S-type (ilmenite-series). The geochemical characteristics of major and trace elements indicate that the granitic rocks belong to syn-collision setting at the compressional plate margin. They were formed by progressive melting of relatively homogeneous crustal materials under 1~3kb and $670^{\circ}{\sim}720^{\circ}C$ in aqueous fluid conditions, and the Naedeogri granite was more fractionated than the Nonggeori granite. During the Taebaeg disturbance, Nonggeori granite, Naedeogri granite and pegmatite were intruded and emplaced into the Yulri Group. Migmatitic pegmatite occurring in the southwestern area, however, gave much younger muscovite age than the pegmatite intruded into the Yulri Group in rest of the area did, that might be due to the regional metamorphism of the Post-Choseon disturbance. The Geodo granitic mass and the Imog granite were intruded during the Bulgugsa disturbance.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

Since fire was founded in the world, human races have invented various heating methods. Ondol is traditional heating method in Korea. It is very the important work to trace the history and characteristics of Ondol which originated and was developed in the Korean peninsula. Especially, the study on Ondol will contribute to improving the present heating methods and predicting future ones. In this paper, we shall study through the analysis of documents such as oriental documents, the document of Choseon dynasty, European documents and American documents. In order to discover the origins of Ondol as one of the excellent heating method all over the world, This study aims at identifying the history and characteristics of Ondol in the Korean peninsula, through document analysis. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The first document about Ondol is Sookyongjoo(水經注), Chinese ancient geography book. Contents recorded in the book include the description related to Ondol at Kwankyesa temple which was located at the border land between Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and the northeast of China. 2) Ondol was popular heating method in Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and it was used in not only Gogooryo but also Silla Kingdom and Beakje Kingdom. Thereafter, it was also used widely in Goryo dynasty and Choseon dynasty. Thereby we know that Ondol has been used as a heating method for a long time in the Korean peninsula. 3) Ondol was covered with a floor paper since the beginning of Choseon dynasty. the paper made room clean and impacted on Korean life style. Because the floor was clean and warm, Koreans thus took off shoes and sat on the floor. 4) Ondol was spreaded to Jeju island in Korea before 16th century but wasn't used widely there. The reason was that Ondol was rare high class heating system and the weather was warm in Jeju island. 5) The overspreading of Ondol caused that poor people built roughly Ondol in the last of Choseon dynasty. So, the quality of Ondol gradually became lower and lower. 6) A westerner was impressed by the novelty of Ondol and Frank Lloyd Wright had played an important role to update and spread Ondol widely all over the world. Hailing Ondol as the ideal heating system, Frank Lloyd Wright began incorporating it in his buildings back in the U.S. and even invented a modified ondol system, using hot water running through pipes instead of the hot exhaust through flues.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.305-328
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• 2006

This paper is a bibliographic analysis on printed books of $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}$(孟子) in Choseon Dynasty. Through examination of the physical characteristics of books in many institutes and private collections, $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}j\acute{i}zh\grave{u}d\grave{a}q\acute{a}n$(孟子集註大全)was systematically explored, which was the most frequently published $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}$(孟子) in Choseon Dynasty. $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}$(孟子) was published mainly in Kyungki and Kyungsang provinces, and in the period of 17C to 19C. There are two streams of $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}j\acute{i}zh\grave{u}d\grave{a}q\acute{a}n$. One is the series of the reprinted edition of $M\acute{i}ngbon$(明本覆刻), originated from Saseookyungdaejun(四書五經大全), compiled by Hokwang(湖廣) and colleagues in $M\acute{i}ng$(明). The second is the series of Chungyuja books(丁酉字本) among movable type books of Choseon(朝鮮活字本), the contents of which being the same as the other stream. Also, $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}d\grave{a}iw\acute{e}n$(孟予大文) and $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}zh\grave{e}ngw\acute{e}n$(孟子正文) are frequently published.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.151-155
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• 1974

This report deals with the stratigraphy and chemical composition of calcareous sedimentary rocks of upper Choseon System, Cambro-Ordovician, in the titled area, for the evaluation of limestone resources of cement manufacture.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.2 s.26
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• pp.7-19
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• 2001

Ip-am valley, located at the eastern remote part of Korean peninsular was the place where a remarkable Confucian scholar Chang Hyon-gwang spent his secluded days. A large upright stone, called Ip-am, and undulating streams nearby were surrounded by mountains, which formed a large enclosed valley. After selecting 28 natural and artificial places, Chang named each of them. Chang compared the relationship between Ip-am and the 28 places with that of the Polestar and 28 Lunar Lodgings, which were known as the ancient Chinese astronomical concept. Also, Chang regarded the valley as a place where the Taoistic Deity could stay. Chang, who had deep knowledge of astronomy, wrote some books on it. It could be said that the comparison of his hermitages with the Polestar and the 28 Lunar Lodgings resulted from his deep passion for astronomy. He considered the Ip-am valley to be the core of the universe like the Polestar is the core of the celestial world. Some stars like the Polestar or the Dipper were regarded as the Deities of Taoism. We can find that Confucian scholars of the middle Choseon, like Chang Hyon-gwang, also tended to have some concern about Taoism.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2011

In this article the purpose of the study on Eulhae metal type(乙亥字) "Huangjenaegyeongsomun(黃帝內經素問)" is to ascertain the era of that publication according to recent investigation and find the properties of that book through comparision with other "Huangjenaegyeongsomun(黃帝內經素問)" published in ancient Korea, Choseon Dynasty. Because we are not yet secure more various Eulhae metal type(乙亥字) books and collaterally printed books, and there would be more unknown Eulhae metal type(乙亥字) "Huangjenaegyeongsomun(黃帝內經素問)" in Korea or abroad, so this study focuses on investigation of publish are only based on the record in that book, and comparision with the context of other Korea-published "Huangjenaegyeongsomun(黃帝內經素問)". As a result Eulhae metal type(乙亥字) "Huangjenaegyeongsomun(黃帝內經素問)" was published in Myeongjong era about 1554-1557, was the very original book of exiting Naeeuwon(內醫院) type "Huangjenaegyeongsomun(黃帝內經素問)". This Publication of this book published with Eulhae metal type(乙亥字) "Huangjenaegyeongyeongchu(黃帝內經靈樞)" at the same period explains that at that time Choseon Dynasty lay emphasis on promoting Medicine and teach "Huangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)".