• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.35-54
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• 2001

This study concerns especially Choryang-Weagwan which was the largest Japanese House left in Pusan through Chosun Dynasty. Choryang-Waegwan was known to have been jointly constructed by Korean and Japanese carpenters. Therefore, Weagwan was a place for exchange of architectural tradition (special features such as sliding door and straw mat) between Korean and Japan. Judging from this point of view, It is certain that mutual influences helped to shape architecture of Choryang-Weagwan. After establishment Choryang- Weagwan was gradually extended, owing to the prosperity of trade with Japan. But since late 18th century government of Chosun did not give as much care to maintaining Choryang- Weagwan as a result of deteriorating condition of commercial and diplomatic relations with Japan. From the beginning of Choryang- Weagwan construction, Superintendents of the construction were called Hun-do and Byl-cha, who acted as official interpreters as well. And, during construction works, they were called Gamdong-gwan, At the start of construction, Weagwan was built partly in Japanese-style by the carpenters from Tokugawa Shogunate. But as time passed, the participation rate of Japanese carpenters diminished gradually. After 1831, Japanese technician vanished extremely and repairing construction was continued by the Korean workers only.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.81-98
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• 2006

Choryang Waekwan was the biggest Japanese settlment to house the Japanese diplomatic mission and traders in Korea. Waekwan means Japanese Pavilion literally, but the reality of this Waekwan exceeded much the scale of single architecture. Since Choryang Waekwan was closed in the second half of the nineteenth century, the site of this settlement grew rapidly as the downtown of Busan, which was the first port open to foreign countries in modern Korea. The formation of modern port owes much to the presence of Japanese settlment in Lee Dynasty as long as Choryang was officially designated as the trading port toward Japan and vice versa. Busan is the nearest city to Japan, in fact. Within a day ships could reach Tsushima Island, the island region north of Fukuoka, which played an intermediary role between Seoul and Edo. No architectural remain could be seen on the actual site of Choryang Waekwan. The site has become one of the busiest centers in Busan with quantify of office buildings and shops. The former Busan City Hall was located in this area. The field survey of the site as well as the analysis of historical documents, which were newly found both in Korea and in Japan, enabled to reconstruct the architecture and cityscape of Waekwan by way of computer graphics.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.195-216
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• 2005

1678년에 설치된 초량왜관은 조선 역대왜관 가운데 가장 큰 규모로 오랫동안 존치되었으며, 10여 만평의 기지를 배경으로 동관 삼대청과 서관 삼대청 그리고 외측사조가사 등이 복합된 양상으로 구성되어 있었다. 특히 200여 년의 존치기간 동안 창건공사와 21건의 수리공사가 이행된 사실은 주목할 만 하다. 조정은 조선의 땅에 세워진 왜인 거류지인 왜관의 감독과 관리에 관심을 가지고 있었으며, 그 결과 왜관기지 내의 여러 건물을 조선측 조영건물과 일본측 조영건물로 조영주체를 구분하고, 차왜와 소통할 수 있는 역관을 감동관으로 삼아 양국의 의견을 조정하는 등, 일반적인 관아건축과 다른 인력조직과 공사체제를 편성하였다. 왜관창건공사에는 왜목수와 조선목수가 함께 동원되었다. 이러한 사실은 조일 양국이 왜관을 통해 서로의 공사기술과 방법을 체험하고 교류하는 기회였음을 시사한다. 이에 녈 연구는 조선시대 왜관 가운데 규모가 가장 크고 , 존치기간이 길었던 초량왜관을 대상으로 왜관공사의 실체를 규명하는 것을 목표로 한다. 두모포왜관의 공사체제를 전례로 하는 창건공사와 공사의 체제정비가 이루어진 수리공사를 나누어 각 공사의 공사내용과, 집행정도, 역가지급, 공사주체를 살피고, 200년 동안의 추이를 살펴 왜관이라는 독특한 장소에서 이루어진 공사의 성격을 규명하여, 초량왜관에서 일어난 조일양국의 조영활동에 대한 교류를 건축생산사적 측면에 초점을 두어 고찰하고자 한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2007

Choryang-weagwan which was the largest international trading place between Joseon Dynasty and Tokugawa Shogunate had been maintained from 1678 through 1872 in Busan. Particularly, they had 21 times repairing constructions for 200 years since its establishment. It is noticeable that Joseon Dynasty permitted Tokukawa Shogunate to construct main pavilions and guesthouses as his style due to the good-neighbor policy between two countries, and Tokukawa Shogunate struggled to achieve his own culture in that place under the supervision of Joseon Dynasty. For satisfying his needs, the architectural craftsmen of Tokukawa Shogunate were mobilized by the chief of construction company which was called kumi-gasira in the most of cases. When they came to Busan for the construction, they brought their own architectural tools. On the one hand, the carpenters and workers of Joseon Dynasty were organized by the traditional construction superintendents which were called Gamdong-gwan and they had to carry out their responsibilities with Japanese technicians at the same workplace. Judging from this fact, the construction site of Weagwan was the good place for exchanging the architectural technology between two countries. This study especially focuses on Tokukawa Shogunate craftsmen who made the repairs of Dongwan-samdaechung in 1727 such as carpenters(Dai-ku), sawyers(ko-biki), and surveyors(Tsue-tsuki) and their tools such as Hatsuri(=Masakari) and Yo-ki(=Oh-no). The constructions in this period, there were not only the repairs of 3 major pavilions including the trading center, but also one of the most active repairing constructions comparing with other period, therefor these were important constructions to shows us repairing construction of Choryang-weagwan of those days.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2014

대한민국 등대의 역사는 일제가 국외 침략을 목적으로 한반도에 설치한 것에서 시작되었다고 알려져 있다. 이러한 주장에 따르면 1903년 인천에 처음으로 등대가 설치된 이래 일제 강점기를 거치면서 근대적인 항로표지시스템이 구성되었다는 것이다. 그러나 이 점에 대해서는 좀 더 신중하게 고려할 필요가 있다. 국제 항구의 도시로서 그리고 초량왜관의 도시로서 부산은 15세기 초 이래로 한일 외교관계의 중심지였다. 그렇기 때문에 이미 오래전부터 부산에는 해상 국제교류를 위한 항만시설이 발달되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지금까지 해양에 관련된 역사자료가 부족하고 기초연구가 미비하여 올바른 역사를 정립하는 것이 어려운 실정이었다. 최근 들어서 부산해관 고문서의 번역이 마무리 되었고, 초량왜관 관련 고지도들을 집성한 자료가 편찬되면서 보다 객관적인 부산의 역사를 정립할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 논문은 고지도와 문서들을 통하여 오래된 국제 항구도시 부산의 초량항에 초점을 두고 부산 항로표지의 기원에 관하여 고찰하고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the characteristics of expression of place identity shown in public design of Choryang Ibagugil in Dong-gu, Busan and analyze them from physical aspects and from psychological ones. Choryang Ibagugil has special historicity indicating that it is a hillside road(Sanbokdoro) dwelling site created after the 6.25 Korean War and the quintessence of Busan. In addition, the site is a good example that used the topographic characteristics as they were and used the road for movement called as 'gil' to design public environment. Ibagugil connected to Sanbokdoro (i.e. Mangyang-ro) starting from the big road (Busan Station) where there was a large floating population represented the regional identity to public design by the medium of 'gil.' As a result of analyzing the characteristics of expression of place identity based on the current status discovered, our conclusions could be drawn as follows: First, place forms identity under interpersonal relationships and there is a story on the lives of people in the contexts between place and identity. Second, place identity is an independent specialty of a certain place and expression of place identity into public design makes the place more place-like. Ibagugil expressed its identity while adapting to the topographic characteristics of hillside road(Sanbokdoro). Third, adjacent public buildings were included into Ibagugil, thus highlighting the placeness, although it is considered that it is ambiguous to determine it as public design in the current-status analysis. Fourth, from the public value aspect, slumized hillside road(Sanbokdoro) was improved, which led to improvement in quality of environment and improvement in pride of local residents. Resultingly, it can be said that the place identity appeared in the public design of Choryang Ibagugil were the stories that happened in this place. Moreover, the indication of future image of how the place will be developed in the future makes the value of the place more significant. Therefore, in public design for expressing place identity, utilization of independent speciality of the site is considered to be an important factor. By doing so, 'place becomes a real place' and 'place can get an independent identity.' Going further, it comes to get the characteristics of 'being the place as it is.'

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2020

최근 기후변화로 인해 태풍과 호우 피해가 증가하고 있으나 물리적인 침수대책과 재난대응 안전관리가 여전히 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 안전 확보를 위한 대응체계를 마련하고, 침수 발생 시 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 실용적인 방안을 확보함으로써 경제적인 손실과 인명피해를 최소화하는 방안 마련이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 '노량진 배수지 수몰 사고', '초량제1지하차도 침수사고'에 대한 동수역학 모의를 수행하고 침수양상을 해석하였으며, 침수위험도 정량화 지수를 이용하여 공간적 위험도를 산정하였다. 또한 특성요인도를 통해 침수사고에 대한 물리적, 관리적 원인을 체계적으로 제시하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

The study aims to figure out the problems of Daldongnae (hillside shantytown) in Jaman-dong, Jeonju, and to propose the countermeasures for village regeneration. Based on the survey of current conditions in the area and the case study of successful regeneration projects, this study suggests regenerating concepts for the community. The study on the current state analyzes that Jaman-dong is faced with the population decline, especially among the young, the lack of community facilities and infrastructure, and the unfavorable situation in the residential environment. The case study involves three successful Daldongnae regeneration projects: the culture-based regeneration of Cultural Village (in Gamcheon-dong, Busan), the regeneration focused on healthcare and education of Ibagugil (in Choryang-dong, Busan), and the community-led regeneration of Rainbow Village (in Dae-dong, Daejeon). The regenerating concepts for the community are as follows: utilizing the existing local community center as a gathering place for the residents, furnishing a cultural space for a growing number of visitors, adding new parking space, installing convenient facilities in order to provide better pedestrian environment for the disabled and elderly, improving street landscapes, and establishing citizen participation programs.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.246-258
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• 1988

진주만에 분포하는 점토광물의 평균 함량비는 iillite $55.1\%,\;kaolinite\;23\%,\;chlorite\;22.5\%$, 그리고 smectite가 $0.4\%$이다. 부근의 남해 대륙붕에 비해 illite는 $10\~20\%$ 정도 낮고, kaolinite는 $10\%$ 정도 더 높다. 남강의 방류로 인해 조립질 퇴적물이 대량으로 유입되는 진주만 동북쪽 지역인 사천만을 제외하면 진주만에 분포하는 세립질 퇴적물은 초량천등 하동-산청 지역의 고령토 지대를 집수구역으로 하는 하천들이 주 공급원이고, 일부는 비교적 활발한 조수유동으로 노량수도와 삼천포수도를 통하여 대륙붕으로 부터 공급되었으리라 생각된다. 또한, 진주만 중앙부의 수심이 얕은 지역은 관곡천에서 진교만으로 유인된 퇴적물의 퇴적작용에 영향을 받은 것으로 생각된다.