• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.487-493
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• 1995

김치 담금시 재료의 배합비와 숙성시 특성 측정을 위해 서울과 충청도에서 조사된 김장김치의 종류는 배추김치, 깍두기, 총각김치, 나박김치, 동치미, 보쌈김치, 백김치 등이었고 이 중 배추김치담금에 사용하는 주, 부재료는 약 20-25종류였으며 젓갈 및 어패류 의 사용이 많았다. 배합비는 배추 71.9%$\pm$7.7, 무채 11%, 파 2.3-2.6%, 마늘 1.3-1.6%, 고추가루 2.7-3.2% 그리고 젓갈 3.9~4.2% 등이었다. 봄김치는 배추김치, 깍두기, 총각김치와 열무김치, 오이김치 등을 담았으며 배추김치에 김장김치의 갓 및 굴, 새우 등 어패류 대신에 부추, 생홍고추, 양파 등 신선한 계절야채르르 많이 사용하였다. 양념류는 김장김치에 비해 젓갈은 다소 적고 그 외 사용비는 비슷하였으며 나박김치, 열무김치 등 국물김치에서 건더기와 물의 비는 약 40:48을 이루었다. 또한 배추김치의 최적 숙성은 pH 4.2~4.5, 총산도 0.5~0.8% lactic acid 범위였고 선호하는 염도는 김장김치류 2.3~2.74%, 봄김치류 1.8~2.4% 범위였으며 국물김치는 1.3~1.7%의 낮은 염도를 보였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.564-571
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• 2014

This study examined elementary school students' perceptions and acceptances related to kimchi in Jecheon area. This study examined with 388 elementary school students. Demographic characteristics of subjects, perceptions and acceptances related to kimchi were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. Exactly 54.1% of subjects ate kimchi more than once per day, whereas 2.8% of subjects never ate kimchi. With regard to location, the home showed the highest percentage. Exactly 94.3% of respondents answered that eating kimchi was good for health. For acceptance, 86.9% of respondents answered that they liked kimchi. Reasons for liking kimchi were texture and special taste in order, whereas the most common reason for disliking was spicy taste. Baechu-kimchi (Chinese cabbage kimchi) was highly preferred, whereas pa-kimchi (green onion kimchi) was not. Subjects with an extended family preferred oisobagi (cucumber kimchi). There were significant differences between the groups with balanced dietary habits and unbalanced dietary habits in terms of acceptance for chonggak-kimchi (small radish kimchi), yeolmu-kimchi, kkadugi, mulkimchi (watery kimchi) and oisobagi. Elementary school students in Jecheon area recognized the importance and necessity of kimchi in Korean meals. Exactly 23.7% answered spicy taste as the reason for liking reason while 37.3% answered spicy taste as the reason for disliking. These results suggest that various kinds of kimchi need to be developed for elementary students with different levels of spiciness in addition to continuous nutrition education about balanced dietary behaviors at school and home.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.684-691
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to determine the consumption pattern and importance of Kimchi in our meals, and the preference of Kimchi. The 77.0% of the housewife respondents were preparing Kimchi at home. The reasons for not making Kimchi were ‘don't have time’(39.4%), ‘don't know how to make Kimchi’(18.2%) and ‘don't eat much’(18.2%). The amounts of daily Kimchi intake of the respondents were ‘less than 50g’(42.3%) or ‘50-100g’(29.8%). They are Kimchi because it was ‘delicious’(48.4%) or ‘habitual’(39.5%). The 70.0% of the respondents answered that Kimchi was important in each meal. The most respondents favored ‘moderate’ in the degree of fermentation(48.1%), hot taste(65.0%) and salty taste(72.4%). As the age of the respondents increased, they favored less sour, less hot and less salty taste. Baechu Kimchi(4.15), Chonggak Kimchi(3.89), Dongchimi(3.85), Kkaktugi(3.74), water Kimchi(3.67) were preferred by the respondents. The 73.97% of the respondents preferred Kimchi Jjigye. The 10- to 19-years old respondents preferred Kimchi Jjigye(52.8%), Kimchi pan cake(24.5%) and fried rice with Kimchi(17.0%).

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1994

In order to survey on utilization of Kimchi, fermented vegetable food in korean families, 439 households in Kyunggi province were investigated. The results are as follows ; 1. 99% of housewives served at least 1 or more kinds of Kimchi every meal. 2. 45% of wives answered Kimchi serving was always necessary but same answered children were only 34%. 3. The taste of Kimchi was decided according to husbands(47%) in family. 4. The Kimchi preparing method was learned from their mother(65%). 5. The main kind of Kimchi was chinese cabbage Kimchi all the year round, and 88% of the subjects answered that the variety of Kimchi was different with season. 6. Almost all housewives(99%) prepared Kimchang Kimchi and 97% of subjects made 3 kinds. 7. In quantitative order, the main sorts of Kimchang Kimchi were chinese cabbage Kimchi, Dong chimee, Chonggak Kimchi and baik Kimchi. 8. The period of Kimchang Kimchi use was form Nov. to next year march(36%), and only 11% of them prepared suitable. But the excess amount of Kimchi applied other dishes and 8% of them discarded the remaining. 9. The Kimchang Kimch was kept underground(51%) and laying outdoor using Kimchang jar(32%). It was different with style of shelter.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2017

Dimethylamine(DMA), 질산염, 아질산염, biogenic amines은 발암성 니트로사민의 전구물질이다. 본 연구는 국내 상품 김치로 유통되고 있는 국내산 배추김치, 깍두기, 총각김치, 맛김치, 묵은김치, 백김치의 김치 내 DMA, 질산염, 아질산염, biogenic amines의 오염도를 조사하였다. 배추김치 내 DMA, 질산염, 아질산염 함량은 각각 29.7, 2,178.8, 3.0 mg/kg이었다. 김치 종류 중에서 깍두기의 DMA와 질산염 함량이 가장 낮았다. Tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine이 백김치와 총각김치를 제외한 분석된 김치 내 검출되었다. 백김치 내 tryptamine이 단지흔적량 존재하고 spermidine은 총각김치에서는 검출되지 않았다. 배추김치 내 tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine의 함량은 각각 15.0, 64.6, 18.0, 44.0, 7.8 mg/kg이었다. 깍두기 내 tyramine의 함량이 낮았다. 깍두기 내 NDMA의 오염도를 분석하였고, 그 평균 함량은 $1.38{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 깍두기 1일 평균 섭취량과 체중을 근거로 깍두기 섭취군의 NDMA 인체노출량을 산출한 결과 깍두기 섭취로 인한 NDMA 노출량은 $2.31{\times}10^{-7}mg/kg\;b.w./d$로 나타났으며, 노출안전역(MOE)은 259,924로 위해 정도가 매우 낮은 안전한 수준으로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2013

The study is being conducted to investigate the perceptions and preferences of the Korean kimchi by the Chinese international students in Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 197 male (48.9%) and 203 female (51.1%) students. Statistical data analysis is being completed using SPSS v. 12.0. Approximately 95% of Chinese female and 91% of male students know about kimchi before coming to Korea through the Korean movies and dramas. The perceptions for kimchi according to the residence period showed a significantly difference 'kimchi is a nutritious and health food' (p<0.05), 'kimchi has good taste but too hot to eat' (p<0.05), and 'Kimchi is difficult to eat because of the smell' (p<0.05). Approximately 52% of Chinese female and 44% of male students consumed kimchi once or twice a day. The most popular form of kimchi among the 13 varieties was baech kimchi. Chinese female students preferred the 'kkakdugi' (p<0.05), 'chonggak kimchi' (p<0.05), and 'young radish kimchi' (p<0.05) more than the male students. The most liked reason was the 'refreshing taste' (44.8%) whereas the most disliked reasons were 'unfamiliar with eating kimchi' (28.7%) and 'sour taste' (24.2%). Approximately 85% of Chinese female and 60% of male students would like to experience making kimchis by themselves. Extended kimchi consumptions for Chinese answered 'not too fish-like smell' (36.0%), 'not too overly-ripe' (34.5%), 'not too sour' (25.4%), and 'not too hot' (25.4%). Therefore, in order to improve the awareness for kimchi among Chinese students, we need to relate kimchi with the taste of Chinese traditional foods.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2000

A survey on the preference of kimchi and actual amounts of kimchi intake conducted from july to october 1999 to get basic information needed for the augmentation of kimchi intake. Total 1,241 of women and men aged $10{\sim}60$ in kyung-nam area participated in this survey. Except people aged $20{\sim}30$, all of subjects, especially in people aged 60 and over, liked fresh prepared kimchi best, and then fermented kimchi. But all of subjects disliked over fermented kimchi.(p<0.001) And women$(4.3{\pm}0.9)$ liked better fresh prepared kimchi than men$(4.2{\pm}1.0)$, men$(4.0{\pm}0.9)$ liked better fermented kimchi than women$(3.9{\pm}1.1)$.(p<0.05) In subjects aged above 40, as age grow up, the preference of fermented kimchi and over fermented kimchi grew lower. All of subjects best liked chinease cabbage kimchi, and then chonggak kimchi, kakdugi, yeulmu kimchi, dongchimi in order. And women liked better nabag kimchi, yeulmu kimchi, sesame leaf kimchi, bek kimchi, cucumber kimchi, godulppegi kimchi than men and men liked better chinease cabbage kimchi, kakdugi, dongchimi than women.(p<0.05) People aged $10{\sim}20$ and above 60 disliked chonggag kimchi. The preference of kakdugi were high in people aged $10{\sim}20$, but as age grow up, the preference of kakdugi became lower.(p<0.001) The preference of nabak kimchi and dongchimi with juice were significantly high in people aged 60 and over but people aged $10{\sim}20$ disliked. Also subjects aged $10{\sim}20$ disliked significantly yeulmu kimchi, sesame leaf kimchi, green onion kimchi, bek kimchi, cucumber kimchi, mustard leaf kimchi and godulppegi kimchi and subjects aged $20{\sim}30$ disliked significantly yeulmu kimchi, mustard leaf kimchi, godulppegi kimchi(p<0.001). But subject aged 30 and older liked all kinds of kimchi. The amounts of kimchi intake in Kyung-nam area were same level of average amount(100g) of korean intake but the amounts of kimchi intake of men$(106.4{\pm}74.0)$ were more than women$(96.9{\pm}69.5)$(p<0.05)

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2008

recA 유전자를 특이적으로 증폭하는 PCR을 이용하여 우리나라 전통 침채류 발효에 관여하는 유산균의 다양성을 검토해 보았다. 김치에서 많이 검출되는 유산균 7종 및 대조군으로 Lactobacillus acidophilus를 검출할 수 있는 특이적 PCR primer pair을 이용하여 전통 침채류 5증(갓김치, 동치미, 배추김치, 오이소박이, 총각김치로부터 추출한 DNA를 template로 PCR을 수행한 결과, 5종의 침채류 모두에서 Lactobacillus plantarum과 Lactobacillus sakei가 검출되었지만, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus와 대조군인 Lb. acidophilus는 검출되지 않았다. Lactobacillus brevis와 Leuconostoc citreum은 배추김치에서만 검출되었으며, Leuconostoc mesenteroides의 경우 갓김치, 동치미, 배추김치, 오이소박이에서 검출되었다. 주재료의 종류에 따라서 발효에 관여하는 유산균은 차이가 있는 것으로 추정되며, Lb. plantarum과 Lb. sakei가 우리나라 침채류 발효에 가장 널리 관여하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 김치발효에 관여하는 우세 발효균들의 집락을 분리하고, 발암원인 MNNG에 대하여 이들 분리주들이 갖는 DNA 손상 억제효과를 조사하였다. 이를 위해서 세포의 DNA 손상 및 복구를 측정하는데 이용되는 매우 신속하고 감도가 높은 Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis(SCGE 법, 또는 comet assay)를 사용하였다. 배추김치에서 분리한 3개의 분리주중에서 B-3를 제외한 B-1과 B-2는 양성 대조구와 비교하였을 때 우수한 항유전 독성효과를 나타내었으며(p<0.01), 율무김치의 3 개의 분리주(Y-1, Y-2, Y-3)와 1개의 분리주(Y-4)도 각각 항유전 독성효과를 나타내었다(p<0.05, p<0.01). 총각김치의 5 개 분리주중에서 3개의 분리주와 깍두기의 9개의 분리주중에서 2 개의 분리주들도 각각 항유전 독성효과를 나타내었다(p<0.05, p<0.01).

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.56-72
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 성남 지역 초등학생의 김치 섭취 실태 및 학교급식에서 제공되는 김치에 대한 요구도를 조사하였다. 70.6%의 초등학생은 학교급식보다는 집에서 김치를 더 많이 먹는다고 하였으며, 그 이유는 집에서 먹는 김치가 더 맛이 있기 때문(79.1%)이라고 응답하였다. 학교급식에서 배식되는 김치 종류 중 배추김치, 깍두기, 열무김치 순으로 선호하였으며, 선호하는 김치의 형태는 저학년 학생은 '작은 크기로 한입에 먹기 좋게', '약간 달콤하게', '크기와 모양을 일정하게', 고학년 학생은 '작은 크기로 한입에 먹기 좋게', '차갑고 시원하게', '약간 달콤하게' 순이었다. 초등학생의 기호에 맞는 학교급식용 김치를 제조하기 위하여 기존의 부재료 이외에 첨가되기를 원하는 부재료는 과일류를 가장 선호하였고 어패류의 첨가에 대해서도 비교적 좋아하였다. 또한 김치볶음밥, 김치만두, 김치찌개, 김치주먹밥, 김치김밥, 김치볶음, 김치비빔밥, 김치햄버거, 김치돈가스 등의 김치 이용 음식을 학교급식에서 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.