• 제목/요약/키워드: Chondroitin sulfate

검색결과 110건 처리시간 0.039초

미더덕껍질과 천연고분자 혼합물을 이용한 마스크팩시트의 제조방법 (The Preparation of Mask-pack Sheet Blended with Styela clava tunics and Natural Polymer)

  • 윤우빈;이예찬;김다솜;김지은;성지은;이현아;손홍주;황대연;정영진
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2017
  • Ultraviolet radiation have much influenced with a deep wrinkles, roughness, laxity of skin damage and pigmentation through oxidative stress and oxidative photo-damage. This study investigates the functional properties of hydrogel facial mask sheets made from agar, Styela clava tunics and Broussonetia papyrifera tunics. The skin of S. clava is covered with a hard cellulose containing glycoprotein, glycosaminoglycan and chondroitin sulfate. B. papyrifera is better known as Paper mulberry. It contains kazinol which serves as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin whitening agent. The tensile strength of facial mask sheet was measured by universal testing machine, and the water absorption and moisture permeability of facial mask sheet were measured by dryer. Additionally, the DPPH assay and MTT assay were conducted for anti-oxidative activity and cytotoxicity of facial mask sheet. The whitening effect of the facial mask sheet was measured by tyrosinase inhibitor assay. These tests showed that the three ingredients are suitable cosmetic materials. The results reveal that they produce a high quality hydrogel facial mask sheet when the membrane contains 1%(W/V) of agar, 0.1%(W/V) of B. papyrifera tunics and 0.05%(W/V) of S. clava tunics.

Genes Associated with Individual Variation of Electroacupuncture Anti-allodynic Effects in Rat

  • Hwang, Byung-Gil;Kim, Sun-Kwang;Han, Jae-Bok;Bae, Hyun-Su;Min, Byung-Il
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.1285-1290
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    • 2007
  • The present study aims to identify and characterize genes that cause differen genes between non-responders and responders to electroacupuncture (EA) on mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, animals were subjected to unilateral transection of the superior caudal trunk at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves. EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.3 ms, 0.2-0.3 mA) was delivered to Zusanli (ST36) for 30 min 2 weeks after the surgery. The degree of mechanical allodynia was assessed quantitatively by touching the tail with von Frey hair (2.0 g) at 10 min intervals. The rats, which showed an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies under 10 %, were classified as non-responders and those displaying an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies 20 % or more were classified as responders. Results from oligonucleotide microarray, to which cDNAs from the spinal dorsal horn (DH) were applied, showed that hemoglobin beta chain complex and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-5 decreased and limbic system-associated membrane protein increased in the non-responder group, whereas calcium-independent alpha-Iatrotoxin receptor homolog-3 increased in the responder group. These results suggest that The functional abnormality of molecules regulating cell adhesion, intracellular signal transduction and cell differentiation in the spinal DH may be involved in the anti-allodynic effect of EA.

Effect of Monosaccharide L-fucose and Polysaccharide Fucoidan on Sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase Activity and Relation to Sperm-oocyte Interaction in Pig

  • Song, X.X.;Park, C.K.;Piao, Y.J.;Niwa, K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.351-358
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    • 2007
  • Carbohydrate-protein interactions are known to be important in gamete interactions. Several evidence indicated that a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan was potential inhibitor of fertilization in vitro and thus fucose seemed to be part of the recognition signal of gamete interaction in mammals. In recent investigation we found that ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase activity was present in boar spermatozoa and it was related to sperm binding to and penetration into zona pellucida (ZP) in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of monosaccharide L-fucose and polysaccharide fucoidan on sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase activity and relation to sperm-oocyte interaction in pig. Results indicated that the activity of sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase was largely inhibited (62%) when sperm suspension was treated with monosaccharide L-fucose. It also significantly inhibited the number of sperm binding to ZP (32%) and penetration into zona-intact oocytes (72%), but did not inhibit penetration into zona-free oocytes when fertilization medium contained L-fucose. The chlorotetracycline (CTC) assessment showed that L-fucose did not affect induction of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. In contrast, the activity of sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase was not inhibited when sperm suspension was treated with polysaccharide fucoidan but sperm-ZP binding was greatly inhibited (85%) and completely blocked sperm penetration into zona-intact or zona-free oocytes. The CTC assessment showed that fucoidan increased the F pattern and decreased the AR pattern sperm. These results suggested that the different inhibitory mechanisms were present between monosaccharide L-fucose and polysaccharide fucoidan on sperm-oocyte interaction, the inhibition effect of ${\alpha}$-L-fucose on sperm binding and penetrating into ZP caused sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase inhibited by ${\alpha}$-L-fucose.

방사선 조사가 백서 악관절에 미치는 조직병리학적 조기변화에 관한 실험적 연구 (THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EARLY IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN WHITE RAT)

  • 윤호중;유동수
    • 치과방사선
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.49-66
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    • 1993
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the early effects of irradiation on the temporomandibular joint in rats. Male rats were singly irradiated with the dose of 5 Gy or 10 Gy to their head and neck region by /sup 60/Co X ray. Experimental animals were sacrificed at each of the following time intervals -1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. The specimens were examined with a light microscope, and treated with H & E staining and immuno-histochemical staining. The results were as follows, 1. By light microscopic findings, proliferative and hypertrophic zone were narrowed and hematopoietic cells were few in number at 5 days after irradiation. Repair signs were seen at 7 days after irradiation when decrease in osteoclast, increase in hematopoietic cells and increase of proliferative zone were noted. The 10 Gy irradiated group showed more severe histopathologic change than the 5 Gy group, and their repair was more slow. 2. In the S -100 antibody, positive cells were examined in the glenoid fossa. Positive cells of irradiated group showed more slight decrease in number than the control group. Low radiosensitivity and slow repair was noted in the glenoid foosa. 3. The interarticular disc was high radioresistant, and any histopathologic changes were not seen in disc. 4. Repair was examined clearly with the response to the antibodies. Especially by 5 days after irradiation 5 Gy group showed S-l00 positive cells in hypertrophic zone next to proliferative zone, chondroitin-4-sulfate positive cell in erosive zone next to hypertrophic zone, type-1 collagen positive cell in subchondral bone.

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In vitro 환경에서 엘라스틴을 혼합한 콜라겐 진피 지지체의 내구성 (The Durability of Elastin-Incorporated Collagen Matrix for Dermal Substitute in Vitro Condition)

  • 유대현;홍종원;탁관철
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Since the report of artificial dermis manufacturing method using collagen by Yannas in 1980, collagen has been effectively used as dermal substitute with its merits such as, lower antigeneicity, controllable biodegradation rate, and minimal inflammatory cytotoxic properties in the dermal tissue engineering field. However, weak mechanical durability was the main drawback of collagen dermal substitute. To improve its stability, mechanical or chemical cross-linking was used. Despite of such process, its clinical use was restricted due to weak durability. To improve the durability of collagen matrix, we designed elastin-incorporated collagen matrix and compared its durability with conventional collagen matrix. Methods: 15mm diameter with 4mm thick collagen dermal matrix was made according to Yannas protocol by mixing 0.5% bovine collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate followed by degassing, freeze drying, dehydrodermal cross-linking and chemical cross-linking procedure. In elastin incorporated collagen matrix, same procedure was performed by mixing elastin to previous collagen matrix in 4:1 ratio(collagen 80% elastin 20%). In comparison of the two dermal matrix in vitro tests, matrix contracture rate, strain, tensile strength, was measured and stiffness was calculated from comparative analysis. Results: In terms of matrix contracture, the elastin-incorperated added collagen dermis matrix showed 1.2 times more contraction compared to conventional collagen matrix. However, tensile strength showed 1.6 times and stiffness showed 1.6 times increase in elastin-incorporated matrix. Conclusion: Elastin incorperated collagen matrix manufactured by our team showed increased durability due to improvement in tensile strength and stiffness compared to previous collagen matrix($Integra^{(R)}$).

Glycosaminoglycan Degradation-Inhibitory Lactic Acid Bacteria Ameliorate 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Mice

  • Lee, Bo-Mi;Lee, Jung-Hee;Lee, Hye-Sung;Bae, Eun-Ah;Huh, Chul-Sung;Ahn, Young-Tae;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.616-621
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    • 2009
  • To evaluate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we measured the inhibitory effect of several LAB isolated from intestinal microflora and commercial probiotics against the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation by intestinal bacteria. Bifidobacterium longum HY8004 and Lactobacillus plantarum AK8-4 exhibited the most potent inhibition. These LAB inhibited colon shortening and myeloperoxidase production in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitic mice. These LAB also blocked the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$\alpha$, as well as of COX-2, in the colon. LAB also blocked activation of the transcription factor, NF-${\kappa}B$, and expression of TLR-4 induced by TNBS. In addition, LAB reduced the TNBS-induced bacterial degradation activities of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. These findings suggest that GAG degradation-inhibitory LAB may improve colitis by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine expression via TLR-4-linked NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and by inhibiting intestinal bacterial GAG degradation.

Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a Hyaluronate Lyase from Bacillus sp. CQMU-D

  • Lu Wang;Qianqian Liu;Xue Gong;Wenwen Jian;Yihong Cui;Qianying Jia;Jibei Zhang;Yi Zhang;Yanan Guo;He Lu;Zeng Tu
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.235-241
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    • 2023
  • Hyaluronidase (HAase) can enhance drug diffusion and dissipate edema by degrading hyaluronic acid (HA) in the extracellular matrix into unsaturated HA oligosaccharides in mammalian tissues. Microorganisms are recognized as valuable sources of HAase. In this study, a new hyaluronate lyase (HAaseD) from Bacillus sp. CQMU-D was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, purified, and characterized. The results showed that HAaseD belonged to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) 8 family and had a molecular weight of 123 kDa. HAaseD could degrade chondroitin sulfate (CS) -A, CS-B, CS-C, and HA, with the highest activity toward HA. The optimum temperature and pH value of HAaseD were 40℃ and 7.0, respectively. In addition, HAaseD retained stability in an alkaline environment and displayed higher activity with appropriate concentrations of metal ions. Moreover, HAaseD was an endolytic hyaluronate lyase that could degrade HA to produce unsaturated HA oligosaccharides. Together, our findings indicate that HAaseD from Bacillus sp. CQMU-D is a new hyaluronate lyase and with excellent potential for application in industrial production.

전복(Haliotis discus hannai)의 연령에 따른 육과 내장의 이화학적 특성 비교 (Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Meat and Viscera with Respect to the Age of Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai))

  • 이영재;박정욱;박인배;신궁원;조영철;고소미;강성국;김정목;김해섭
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.849-860
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    • 2009
  • 전복의 생육 단계, 즉 1, 2, 3 및 4년생의 육과 내장의 이화학적 성분분석 결과를 비교 하였다. 육의 조단백질은 4년생이 $9.83{\pm}0.19%$로 가장 많은 함량을 보였다. 조지방은 4년생이 $0.18{\pm}0.02%$로 가장 많았으며, 회분은 1년생이 $2.06{\pm}0.12%$로 2년생의 $1.73{\pm}0.18%$와는 유의적인 차이로 가장 많은 함량 이었다. 그리고 3, 4년생 전복의 탄수화물 함량은 1, 2년생과는 유의적인 차이로 다소 높은 함량 이었다. 육과 내장을 비교하면 육이 수분과 조단백질 함량이 많고, 내장이 조지방, 회분 및 탄수화물 함량이 높았다. 1년생 전복 육의 총 구성아미노산 함량은 $19,046.00{\pm}548.53\;mg%$로 다른 실험구와 큰 차이로 가장 많았으며, 4년생 전복의 경우는 $15,770.44{\pm}454.19\;mg%$로 가장 적었다. 내장의 구성아미노산 총 함량은 3년 전복 내장이 $16,575.10{\pm}477.37\;mg%$로 가장 많은 함량이고, 1년생이 14,947.26 mg%로 가장 적었으며, 연령이 높아짐에 따라 대체로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 육의 유리아미노산 총 함량은 3년생 전복이 $4,261.99{\pm}106.55\;mg%$로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 4년생이 $4,119.98{\pm}103.00\;mg%$, 2년생이 $3,813.86{\pm}95.34\;mg%$ 및 1년생이 $3,800.81{\pm}95.02\;mg%$ 이었다. 내장의 경우는 1년생 전복의 내장에 $3,011.44{\pm}75.29\;mg%$로 가장 많았고, 4년생이 $2,531.70{\pm}63.29\;mg%$로 가장 적어 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 생육 단계에 따른 전복 육의 포화지방산 함량은 $45.01{\pm}0.81{\sim}48.12{\pm}0.77%$, 단일불포화지방산은 $20.91{\pm}0.40{\sim}22.96{\pm}0.41%$ 및 다가불포화지방산은 $29.54{\pm}0.48{\sim}32.03{\pm}0.58%$의 조성 이었으며, 포화지방산은 4년생이, 단일불포화지방산과 다가불포화지방산은 2년생이 가장 많았다. 전반적으로 전복에는 불포화 지방산이 다량 함유되어 있었다. 콘드로이친황산 함량은 육이 y=1.651x+7.9241이며, R2값은 0.9333으로, 내장이 y=0.4268x+6.3757이고, R2값은 0.9523 으로 모두 증가하는 경향이었다. 육의 콜라겐 함량은 연령이 높아짐에 따라 급격히 감소하는 경향 이었는데, y=-53.504x+250.43에 R2값 0.9612로 감소하였고, 내장도 이와 유사하게 1년생이 $98.97{\pm}2.48\;mg/g$에서 y=-22.002x+125.8에 R2값 0.8907의 경향으로 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 전복의 다양한 연구의 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

건조방법에 따른 건조 전복 (Haliotis discus hannai)의 이화학적 특성 비교 (Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Meat and Viscera of Dried Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Prepared using Different Drying Methods)

  • 박정욱;이영재;박인배;신궁원;조영철;고소미;강성국;김정목;김해섭
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.686-698
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    • 2009
  • 생전복과 3가지 건조방법, 음건법, 냉풍건조법 및 진공동결건조법으로 건조한 전복의 육과 내장에 대하여 이화학적 성분을 분석 비교하였다. 생전복 육은 수분이 $78.88{\pm}1.01%$, 조단백질 $9.24{\pm}0.27%$ 및 탄수화물 $10.05{\pm}0.81%$ 이었다. 건조 전복 육의 경우 수분은 냉풍건조가 $18.38{\pm}0.91%$로 가장 많았으며, 진공동결건조 한 것이 $1.05{\pm}0.05%$로 가장 적은 함량을 보였다. 생전복 내장은 육과 비교하여 조단백질은 적었지만 다른 성분은 많았다. 생전복은 구성아미노산 총함량이 $17,124.05{\pm}493.18\;mg%$이고, glutamic acid가 $2,233.93{\pm}64.34\;mg%$로 가장 많았으며, 주요 구성아미노산으로는 aspartic acid, glycine, valine leucine, lysine, arginine 및 proline 등 이었다. 음건 전복 육의 총 함량은 $12,969.92{\pm}583.65\;mg%$, 냉풍건조는 $13,328.78{\pm}653.11\;mg%$ 이었다. 전복 내장은 육과 비교하여 총 구성아미노산 함량은 적었다. 생전복 육의 유리아미노산 총 함량은 $4,261.99{\pm}106.55\;mg%$ 이며, arginine, taurine, glutamic acid, proline 및 glycine 등이 주요 유리아미노산 이었다. 이와 비교하여 건조한 전복 육은 음건법 $6,336.50{\pm}285.15\;mg%$, 냉풍건조법 $5,072.04{\pm}248.53\;mg%$ 및 진공동결건조법 $4,638.85{\pm}218.03\;mg%$ 등으로 생전복 육보다 적은 함량이었다. 생전복 내장은 $2,920.74{\pm}73.02\;mg%$ 이고, 건조한 경우는 냉풍건조법이 $9,189.95{\pm}450.31\;mg%$로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 음건법이 $5,037.18{\pm}272.01\;mg%$ 이었다. 생전복 육의 경우 포화지방산이 $47.00{\pm}0.99%$, 단일불포화지방산이 $22.18{\pm}1.05%$ 및 다가불포화지방산이 $30.82{\pm}1.45%$ 이었고, 내장은 각각 $36.72{\pm}0.74%$, $25.44{\pm}1.12%$$37.84{\pm}1.67%$ 이었다. 콘드로이친황산 함량은 생전복의 경우 육에서 $11.95{\pm}0.35%$, 내장에서 $7.71{\pm}0.19%$의 함량을 보였다. 음건법의 경우 각각 $16.57{\pm}0.90%$$9.24{\pm}0.50%$이고, 냉풍건조법은 $16.17{\pm}0.79%$$12.44{\pm}0.61%$이며, 진공동결건조는 $25.17{\pm}1.16%$$15.22{\pm}0.70%$로 가장 많은 함량이었다. 콜라겐 함량은 생전복 육이 $69.80{\pm}3.07\;mg/g$이고, 내장이 $40.62{\pm}1.79\;mg/g$ 이었다. 음건법으로 건조한 전복의 육과 내장은 각각 $144.05{\pm}7.78\;mg/g$$44.16{\pm}2.39\;mg/g$ 이었으며, 냉풍건조 전복은 $133.29{\pm}6.53\;mg/g$$69.20{\pm}3.39\;mg/g$ 이고, 진공동결건조 전복의 경우는 각각 $137.51{\pm}6.33\;mg/g$$60.61{\pm}2.79\;mg/g$ 이었다. 휘발성염기질소는 생전복 육이 $10.10{\pm}0.44\;mg%$, 내장이 $19.01{\pm}0.84\;mg%$ 로서 내장이 육보다 높은 값이었다. 이러한 경향은 건조한 전복에서도 일치하였다. 음건법육에서 $136.77{\pm}7.37\;mg%$ 이고, 내장에서 $197.97{\pm}10.69\;mg%$로 나타내었으며, 냉풍건조 육이 $27.32{\pm}1.34\;mg%$, 내장이 $71.37{\pm}3.50\;mg%$이였다. 진공동결건조 육과 내장은 각각 $16.23{\pm}0.75\;mg%$$21.53{\pm}0.99\;mg%$로 나타났다.

관절연골의 $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$-조영증강 및 정량적 자기공명영상에 대한 실험적 연구 ([ $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$ ]-enhanced, and Quantitative MR Imaging in Articular Cartilage)

  • 은충기;이영준;박오환;박영미;배재익;류지화;백대일;정수진;이선주
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.100-108
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    • 2004
  • 목적 : Trypsin으로 관절연골의 변성을 인공적으로 유도한 뒤 관절연골의 구성성분인 glycosaminoglycan(GAG)의 소실을 생화학적으로 정량분석하고 $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$-(gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid)조영증강, 그리고 T1, T2, rho 이완시간등과 어떤 상관관계가 있는지를 조사함으로써 관절연골의 초기 퇴행성 변화에 대해서 자기공명영상(MRI)으로 관찰이 가능한 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 적출된 3개의 돼지 슬개골에서 실험에 사용될 관절연골조각을 폭 8 mm, 길이 10 mm 크기의 관절연골조각을 3개 만들었다. 분광광흡수계(spectrophotometry)에서 dimethylmethylene blue를 이용한 chondroitin sulfate standard의 흡수도를 측정하여 GAG을 정량분석 하였다. 관절연골을 배양할 용액은 0.2 mg/ml trypsin, 1 mM $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$ 첨가된 trypsin, 그리고 대조군용 인산염완충식염수(phosphate buffered saline, PBS)의 3가지를 준비하였다. 배양시간은 1시간에서 5시간까지는 매시간마다 배양하였고 24시간과 48시간까지 배양하였다. MRI촬영은 1시간에서 5시간까지만 매시간마다 배양후 시행하였다. 1.5T 기기에서 MRI촬영은 T1강조영상(TR/TE, 450/22)과 혼합에코기법(mixed echo sequence) (TR/TE, 760/21-168, 8 echoes)등을 시행하였다. 모든 촬영에서 영상영역은 50 mm, 절편두께는 2 mm, 그리고 매트릭스는 $256\times512$ 였다. MRI촬영자료에서 관절연골부위를 픽셀단위로 비교분석 하였다. 배양이 끝난 관절연골은 hematoxylin & eosin, toluidine blue, alcian blue, trichrome 염색 등을 시행하여 관찰하였다. 결과 : Dimethylmethylene blue를 이용한 GAG의 정량분석결과 배양시간증가에 따라 GAG의 농도가 비례적으로 증가하였다. $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$ 첨가된 trypsin배양에서 관절연골의 T1 강조 영상에서의 신호강도는 trypsin 배양에 비하여 평균 $42.0\%$ 증가하였고 4시간과 5시간배양에서는 trypsin에서만 배양한 관절연골에 비하여 신호강도가 더욱 뚜렷하게 증가되었다 (p<0.05). 관절연골의 T1, T2, rho 이완시간은 배양시간에 따라 유의성 있는 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나 $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$ 첨가된 trypsin배양에서 T1이완시간의 증가가 관절연골의 표층부와 이행부에서 측정되었다. 조직검사결과 trypsin 배양의 관절연골에서 toluidine blue와 alcian blue염색에서 결손이 관찰되었다. 결론 : Trypsin 배양시간에 따라 관절연골의 GAG결손을 정량적으로 확인할 수 있었고 픽셀크기 $97.9\times195\;{\mu}m$인 MRI로 $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$-조영증강 및 이완시간을 측정할 수 있었다. 배양시간에 따른 GAG결손은 T1, T2, rho 이완시간보다 $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$-조영증강에서 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로 관절연골의 초기 퇴행성 변화를 진단하는 데는 T1강조영상에서 $Gd(DTPA)^{2-}$-조영증강정도를 비교하는 것이 가장 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

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