• 대한수의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1968

The serum and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity and their seasonal variations were determined with 8 males of healthy Korean cattles during one year period from September, 1966 to august, 1977. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The serum cholinestrase activity showed a range of 0.64mg/hr/ml to 8.26mg/hr/ml with a mean value of $3.69{\pm}0.25mg/hr/ml$. There was highly significant differences in the seasonal variations. 2. The erythrocyte cholinesterase activity ranged from 29.78mg/hr/ml to 48.88mg/hr/ml with a mean value of $38.37{\pm}1.11mg/hr/ml$. Seasonal variations was not found to be significant. 3. The results showed that the serum cholinesterase activity of Korean cattle had great variations among individual values and significant seasonal variations. On the other hand, cholinesterase activity of erythrocyte showed a little variations among individual values and no significant seasonal variations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1974

In order to evaluate the health hazard due to exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, we measured the blood cholinesterase activity ana urinary para-nitrophenol among 56 exposed subjects. They are orchard workers, rice plant workers and smithion factory workers. The clinical symptoms were also checked by physicians. We also measured the blood cholinesterase activity and urinary para-nitrophenol excretion of 20 urban people and 15 rural people who had never been exposed to organophosphorus insecticides in order to compare them according to age, sex and geographical differences. And these results were also compared with those of exposed groups. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The normal plasma cholinesterase activity and cell cholinestrase activity were $0.861{\pm}0.148\;{\Delta}pH/hr$ and $0.822{\pm}0.154\;{\Delta}pH/hr$. And normal para-nitrophenol in urine was $1.21{\pm}0.52mg/liter$. 2. No significant difference was existed in blood cholinesterase activities and urinary para-nitrophenol excre tion according to sex, age and geographical difference. 3. The plasma cholinesterase activity and cell cholinesterase activity of orchard workers, rice plant workers and smithion factory workers were $0.682{\pm}0.189\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.775{\pm}0.160\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.754{\pm}0.123\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;and\;0.691{\pm}0.082\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.756{\pm}0.117\;{\Delta}pH/hr,\;0.739{\pm}0.117\;{\Delta}pH/hr$. And significant decreses in blood cholinesterase activities were existed among orchard workers and smithion factory workers compared with control group. 4, The urinary para-nitrophenol excretions of orchard workers, rice plant workers and smithion factory workers were $1.33{\pm}0.66mg/liter,\;1.19{\pm}0.88mg/liter\;and\;1.37{\pm}0.67mg/liter$ and there were no significant difference between exposed groups and control group. 5. The clinical symptoms complained during and after organophosphorus insecticides exposure were frequently ranked by headache (67.7%) and vertigo (64.5%) and muscular ataxia and weakness (51.6%).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2002

Carbamate 농약에 대한 cholinesterase(ChE)활성저해 관계를 규명 하고자 in vivo와 in vitro 실험을 하였다. ChE의 최적 pH는 8.0이었다. 병아리 혈장의 ChE 활성은 기질로 acetylcholin를 사용할 경우 24.6 $\mu$mol/min/g protein이었다. in vivo에서 BPMC을 0.32 mg/kg 경구 투여한 15분 후에 ChE 활성이 60%까지 저해되었으며 그 후 12시간 후에 97% 까지 회복이 일어났다. in vitro에서 효소 활성이 50%로 저해되는데 필요한 농도인 I$_{50}$이 Phenyl N-methylcarbamate계에 XMC는 329 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$였고, metolcarb은 214 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$였다. BPMC는 111 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, propoxur는 107 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, isoprocarb는 104 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$이었다. Aromatic N-methylcarbamate계에 속하는 carbaryl의 I$_{50}$은 280 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$이었고, carbofuran 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$이었다.이었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제6권3_4호
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• pp.123-132
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• 1991

Acute poisoning with organic solvents and other volatile compounds now usually follows deliberate inhalation (volatile substance abuse) or ingestion of these compounds. The effect of butane gas inhalation was analyzed for serum, liver, brain, lung and muscle. And the observations are revealed on rat cholinesterase activity, lactatedehydrogenase activity and electrophoretic pattern of lactatedehydrogenase isozyme. The results are as follows: 1. The rat cholinesterase activity on serum, liver and muscle show the decreased by increasing of inhalation time of butane gas in particular the lung cholinesterase activity was greatly affected. 2. Butane gas inhalation brought out the lactatedehydrogenase activity increased of the serum and the tissues and had an important effect especially in both the liver and muscle 1actatedehydrogenase activities. 3. Each tissue was found to have a characteristic distribution of lactatedehy-drogenase isozymes on celluloseacetate electrophoresis and the development of inhalation time is shown the disappearance and diffusion of band. The toxicity of butane gas inhalation was most prominence in the liver and lung toxicity was occurred also.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.23-25
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• 1975

Eight cattle and ten sheep were administrated various degree of PMA-B and EPN, and S-GOT, S-GPT and serum cholinesterase activity were tested. Serum cholinesterase activity showed no typical tendency, however, S-GOT/S-GPT ratios were decreased by the administration of PMA-B. It was suggested some degree of liver damage by the administration of the chemicals was recognized.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.523-531
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of stimulus in the Acupuncture point with Ultrasound and Electro-acupuncture on human's Cholinesterase activity. Pain is physiological symptoms in human body. Pain stimulation transference is according to Acetylcholine that is a matter of nerve stimulation. Cholinesterase analyze the Acetylcholine and Cholin acetylase compose the Acetylcholine. To identify of Cholinesterase activity, this study attempted to Electroacupuncture and Ultrasound for 20 person. Twenty subjects participating in this consisted of A group(difference of Cholinesterase's figure make use of Electroacupuncture with Zi-Shil), B group(difference of Cholinesterase's figure make use of Ultrasound with Zi-shil), C group(difference of Cholinesterase's figure make use of Eltroacupuncture and Ultrasound with Zi-shil). As a result the following conclusion was draun: 1. A group showed significantly decreased of Cholinesterase's figure make used of Electroacupuncture with Zi-Shil(the period is between pre-application and 20minute after application, between pre-application and mean of 20minute-30minute after application). 2. B group showed significantly decreased of Cholinesterase's figure make used of Ultrasound with Zi-Shil(the period is between pre-application and 3minute after application, between 3minute after application and 7minute after application, between preapplication and 7minute after application, between pre application and mean of 3minute-7minute after application). 3. C group not showed significantly decreased of Cholinesterase's figure make used of Elcetroacupuncture and Ultrasound with Zi-Shil(the period is between pre-application, between 20minute-Eletroacupuncture and 3minute-Ultrasound after application, between 30minute-Eletroacupuncture and 7minute-Ultrasound after application). The results of this study showed that decrease of Cholinestese' s figure make used of Elctroacupuncture and Ultrasound Zi-Shil. The result mean stimulation of Elctroacupuncture and Ultrasound decreased Acetylcholin' quantity. And decrease of Acetylcholin' quantity decreased Cholinesterase' figure.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1983

살충제(殺蟲劑)의 주종(主宗)을 이루는 유기인제(有機憐劑)에 의한 만성중독(慢性中毒)의 예방(豫防)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고, 또한 농업종사자(農業從事者)의 혈장(血漿) cholinesterase의 정상치(正常植)를 추정(推定)하고저 전라북도(全羅北道) 정읍군(井邑郡)의 일부(一部) 농업종사자(農業從事者)에 대(對)한 혈장(血漿) cholinesterase 치(植)를 Takahashi의 Micro- method로 측정분석(測定分析)한바 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1) 농약살포전군(農藥澈布前群)의 혈장(血漿) cholinesterase 치(植)는 $7.60{\pm}1.74{\mu}M/20{\mu}{\ell}$/hr.였고, 살포후군(撒布後群)에서는 $6.23{\pm}1.59{\mu}/20{\mu}{\ell}$/hr.로서 살포전군(澈布前群)보다 $1.37{\mu}M/20{\mu}{\ell}$/hr.가 낮게 나타났다 (P < 0.01). 2) 농업종사자(農業從事者)의 정상(正常) 혈장(血漿) cholinesterase 치(植)의 95% 신뢰구간(信賴區間)은 $7.30-7.90{\mu}M/20{\mu}{\ell}$/hr.이었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제7권3_4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1992

BPMC (2-Sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate) was treated at the level of 100mg/kg/day in oral administration for 12th days in rat. It was investigated not only that the hematogram and the serological parameters, but also the content of cytochrome P-450, the activity of TBA, glucose-6-phosphatase, cholinesterase and carboxylesterase in rat. The results were as follows: The hematogram was not found any alteration but the value of AST, ALT, LDH and the content of glucose in serum were significantly increased compare with that of control group. The content of cytochrome P-450 in liver was increased significantly on the contrary cytochrome P-450 in kideny and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and Kidney were not significantly increased. After the final 12th day, the value of TBA and the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase appeared to the tendency of increasement in the liver. The activity of cholinesterase and carboxylesterase both in serum and liver were decreased. Especially the activity of cholinesterase was more significantly decreased. It was conclusion that the function of this insectivide should be due th the inhibition of cholinesterase activity.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1991

Parathion is widely used in agriculture, but it is highly toxic and now clear that parathion behaves like a cholinergic drug by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. In order to know acute toxicity and the changes of cholinesterase activity according to time lapsed in Sprague-Dawley rats injected single with half dose to LD$_{50}$ of parathion, cholinesterase activities in serum, spinal cord, whole brain and median lethal dose between sex difference were investigated. The results obtained were summerized as follows ; 1. 4LD_{50}$ values of parathion given intraperitoneally to male and female rats were 10.5mg / kg(95% confidence limits, 6.6-16.8mg/ kg) and 3.3mg/ kg(95% confidence limits, 1.9-5.6mg/ kg). 2. The inhibition rate of cholinesterase activities in serum of parathion-injected rats according to time lapsed were peakly decreased to 35.4%(male) and 32.4%(female) after 1 hour in comparison to control group, but cholinesterase activities were completely recovered after 48 hours. 3. The inhibition rate of cholinesterase activities in spinal cord of parathion-injected rats according to time lapsed were peakly decreased to 31.1% (male) and 36.3% (female) after 30 minutes in comparison to control group, but cholinesterase activities were completely recovered after 48 hours. 4. The inhibition rate of cholinesterase activities in whole brain of parathion -injected rats according to time lapsed were peakly decreased to 32.2%(male) and 42.6%(female) after 1 hour in comparison to control group, but cholinesterase activities were completely recovered after 48 hours.s.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.438-443
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• 1991

This study was designed to examine the effects of diphenhydramine and papaverine on the toxic manifestations of cholinesterase inhibitors. It was found that papaverine increase acetylcholinesterase activity in cerebral cortex of mice. Papaverine pretreatment tended to increase acetylcholinesterase activity against the actions of neostigmine and physostigmine. When diphenhydramine (20~30 mg/kg, s.c.) was treated 20 min before the administration of cholinesterase inhibitor, it significantly extended the onset latency in the signs of toxicosis which were characteristically produced by physostigmine (0.25~1.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or neostigmine (0.125~0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), and it also prevented lethality in all of the animals.