• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.607-611
• /
• 2008

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the synthesis of several inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, NO and inflammation in the liver of rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Oriental herbs mixture extract (HCTM) against the hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the lipid metabolism. HCTM of 100 mg/kg concentration was intra-peritoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5 ml/kg of LPS was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. The levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), total lipid, triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in serum. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of GOT, GPT, total lipid and TG, and decreased the level of HDL-C. However, HCTM pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT, GPT, total lipid and TG by 76.8%, 55.48%, 34.04% and 76.21% respectively, and increased the level of HDL-C by 97.84%. These results showed that HCTM had the protective effect against the hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the lipid metabolism, and it suggest that HCTM could be used for functional beverage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.552-557
• /
• 1993

Effects of amino acid composition and average hydrophobicity of soybean peptides on serum cholesterol in rats were investigated. Soybean protein(ISP), casein(SCN), their peptic hydrolyzates fractionated by acid precipitations(SHT, SH8, SH6, SH4, CHT), and amino acid mixtures of the same composition as the proteins(SAA, CAA) were prepared to feed to rats. The amino acid composition of the peptides was analyzed by HPLC and the concentration of serum cholesterol in the rats was measured. By data analysis, it was found that there was no relationship between ratio of Lys/Arg or molar ratio of hydrophobic amino acids and serum cholesterol level. And also there was no relationship between the concentration and average hydrophobicity calculated by the method of Tanford, Manavalan, for Meirovitch, only except by the method of Krigbaum(r=-0.736); the higher the average hydrophobicity of Krigbaum was, the lower the concentration of serum cholestrol became.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.134-141
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate instant coffee-mix intakes and its relations with anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake, and blood lipid in Gangneung and Samcheok residents. Coffee-mix is a mixture of instant coffee, sugar and coffee-creamer. It is a standardized convenience food in Korea. Recently, Koreans appear to consume too much of instant coffee-mix. The respondents of this study were 218 Koreans (Gangneung region 133, Samcheok region 85). The average age was 56.0 years (male), 57.5 years (female). They were divided into 2 groups, the instant coffee-mix drinkers and the non-drinkers. The nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements and their relations with coffee-mix intakes were analyzed (nutrient intakes were calculated by converting per 1,000 kcal and adjusted by age, region). As for male, body fat was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (18.1 kg, 25.0%) than in non-drinkers (17.1 kg, 23.8%). In the case of females, serum triglyceride was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (109.1 mg/dL) than in nondrinkers (102.9 mg/dL). Coffee-mix intakes and coffee-mix's contributions to energy were higher for participants from Samcheok (21.2 g, 4.7%) than those from Gangneung (16.6 g, 3.4%). In addition, for Samcheok, coffee-mix's contribution to energy was significantly higher in male (5.6%) than in female (4.2%). Coffee-mix intakes and energy contribution of coffee-mix were not significantly correlated with anthropometric measurements. Only HDL-cholestrol showed significantly negative correlation with coffee-mix's contributions to energy. Based on the above results, we conclude that usual instant coffee-mix intake may increase intakes of sugar and fat and exert negative effects on serum lipids. Therefore, it is needed to control too much instant coffee-mix intake in the dietary management of rural residents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 1980

The study carried out to clarify the effects of lard and corn oil on serum total cholesterol content and liver thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value in ethanol (Et-OH) fed mice. Results obtained from the present study were a follows: 1. serum total cholesterol content was considerably increased by 25% Et-OH administration in mice. In case of 25% Et-OH plus Lard group and Lard group both group were also increased significantly to compare with normal value of mice but 25% Et-OH plus lard group was shown very higher value rather than that of Lard group and Lard group was found similar tendency to compare with the 25% Et-OH plus saline group except to after the 1 day. 2. serum total cholestrol content of 25% Et-OH plus Corn oil group and corn oil group were also increased significantly to compare with normal value, but the 25% Et-Oh plus Corn oil group slightly higher level than that of Corn oil group except to after the 3 days. 3. Lard group was also very similar tendency to compare with the corn oil group except to the 3 days. 4. liver TBA value was increased by 25% Et-OH fed mice. 25% Et-OH plus Lard group and Lard group were also increased significantly to compare with liver TBA value in normal mice, but 25% Et-OH plus Lard group was found higher value rather than that of lard group and 25% Et-OH group (Control). Lard group was similar to that of Control group except to after the 1 day. And 25% Et-OH plus Corn oil group was considerably increased rather than that of Control group, and liver TBA value of the above group was similar to that of 25% Et-OH plus Lard group except to after the 3 days. Corn oil group was shown lower value than that of lard group, but it was no significant.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 1999

This study was made to investigate the antioxidative effects of Geagibokrounghwan on the hepatic and renal lesion induced by cholesterol in mouse. The normal group was fed basal diet and water ; control groups were fed basal diet containing 0.5% of cholesterol ; test groups were fed the Geagibokrounghwan extract($10m{\ell}/kg$) after fed basal diet containing 0.5% of cholesterol for 6 weeks. In the liver and kidney of control group, lipid peroxidation(LPO) was significantly increased, however, the activities of superoxidation dismutase(SOD) and catalase and the amount of glutathion(GSH) were significantly decreased. In the liver and kidney of test group, lipid peroxidation(LPO) was decreased significantly as compared with control group. Contrary to this, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and the amount of glutathion(GSH) were significantly increased. These results indicate that Geagibokrounghwan revealed the antioxidant effects, which may reduce the hepatic and renal damage induced by cholesterol in mouse.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.67-86
• /
• 1999

Ascorbic acid which has various physiological benefits as the functional substance is easily oxidized and destroyed by the structural instability. Liposome encapsulated pure ascorbic acid was prepared for the sake of the constraint of oxidation. The influence of cholestrol or $\beta$-sitosterol on the stabilization of liposome was investigated. Butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), $\alpha$ -glycosyl rutin and natural concentrated tocopherol were used for constraint of oxidation of ascorbic acid. The presence of cholesterol or $\beta$-sitosterol decreased oxidation of ascorbic acid. That results were thought that cholesterol or $\beta$-sitosterol so increased rigidity of bilayer that the leakage of vitamin C decreased. As a result the oxidation and degradation of vitamin C were constrained. At 0.3w/w% cholesterol content the most stable liposome was formulated. The whole antioxidant that used at the research constrained oxidation of ascorbic acid. The antioxidation for ascorbic acid increased in order of tertiary butylhydroquinone, $\alpha$-glycosyl rutin, butylated hydroxytoluene and natural concentrated tocopherol. But u -glycosyl rutin is preferable to tertiary butylhydroquinone which was the most effective in antioxidation as the antioxidant of ascorbic acid which was utilized in cosmetics and pharmacy.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking and/or alcohol drinking on the nutrient intake, nutritional status, and eating habits of adult males. The subjects were 157 male adults aged 20-49 living in Daejon. Interviews with questionaire on smoking and alcohol drinking habits and eating habits, anthropometric measurement, biochemical blood test, and dietary assessment by one-day 24 hour recall and two-day diet record were carried out. The subjects were divided into four groups : control (non-smoking and non-drinking), drinking only, smoking only, and the both(drinking and smoking). The average numbers of smoked cigarettes were 17.8/d and 19.1/d in the smoking only group and the both group, respectively. The frequency of alcohol drinking was 8.3 times/month and 11.6 times/month in the drinking only group and the both group, respectively. Height was significantly higher(P 0.05) in the drinking only group than in the none and smoking only groups, while the other anthropometric indices were not different among the four groups. There were positive correlations between smoking and drinking or coffee intake. Alcohol drinking increased eating-out frequency and the intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, B$_1$,$ B_6,$ Fe and P, while smoking decreased snack frequency and intakes of energy, protein and vitamin $ B_6,$. Blood pressure was not changed in the smoking only and drinking only groups compared to the none group, while systolic blood pressure was elevated in both group(P 0.05). Alcohol drinking significantly elevated(P 0.05) serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholestrol level, while smoking did not change the serum lipid and cholesterol levels. Hemoglobin nd MCHC levels were significantly elevated(P 0.05) by smoking. From these data, it is suggested that both smoking and drinking have influence on some eating habits and nutrient intakes, and especially alcohol drinking can induce hypercholesterolemia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.255-267
• /
• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the correlations among physical anthropometric measurement, diet intakes, physical fitness test, and serum lipids in eight sedentary women(control group), and twenty seven exercising women(aerobic groups), aged 35~45 years. The results of the study are as follows : 1) systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) of aerobic groups were lower than serf entary. Pulse rate was decreased according to the length of aerobic periods. Muscular endurance and jump power of all subjects were stronger than standard range, and those of aerobic exercising groups were stronger than control group. Muscular power of the upper half of the body In all subjects were lower than standard range. 2) Daily calorie intakes of all subjects were in the ring: of recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for Koreans. But daily protein Intakes were higher than RDA. daily cholestrol intakes of all subjects were slightly less than 200~300 mg: which is normal consumption of Koreans. 3) There was a significant positive correlation between serum 7G and daily protein intakes. It was considered that excessive protein intake converted to serum 7G. There was not a significant correlation between serum TC and dietary TC. Therefore, dietary TC seemed to have not much effect on serum TC. Physical fitness was negatively related to serum TG, TC, LDL-C, but positively related to HDL-C, HDL-C /TC. It was found that the serum lipids could be changed better according to improving the physical fitness. There were significant positive correlations between SBP and serum TC, LDL-C. (According to this results), the higher SBP, the higher serum TC, LDL-C tended to be. There was a significant positive correlations between sit up and weightloss nth exercise r=0.7(p<0.001), push ups and weightless with exercise r=0.5(p<0.001). It was considered that muscle strength could be improved according to the weightloss. 4) The purpose of exercise in aerobic groups was rather promoting health than reducing body fatness. Most of al1 subjects (83.2%) drank caffeine-contained beverage therefore, we should concern about that absorption of Fe could be Interrupted and blood pressure could be elevated by caffeine.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2000

To study the effect of prosomillet (Panicum milaceum) on lipid metabolism, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190$\pm$8g were fed six experimental diets for four weeks. The six diets based on AIN-76 composition consisted of one cholesterol-free(normal) and five 1%(w/w) cholesterol diets, i.e. control, two diets containing additional 0.3 and 0.6%(w/w) methanol extracts of prosomillet and another two diets containing 15 and 30% (w/w) prosomillet powder. There was no difference in weight gains between the groups but relative liver weights increased under the cholestrol diets. Plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride(TG) decreased by 23-27% and by 37-52%, respectively, in the four prosomillet diet groups compared to those of the normal and control groups. Whereas in the liver, only TG levels decreased in the prosomillet diet groups. Fecal excretions of bile acid and cholesterol significantly with methanol extracts of prosomillet. There was a significant increase in the activity of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase when feeding 1% cholesterol but prosomillet in the diet, either as in the form of powder or methanol extract, appeared to have only slight additional effects, namely increases in enzyme activity. The activity of liver cytosolic glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) tended to be reduced with high cholesterol diets and dropped markedly by 15% using additional prosomillet powder. Those of the liver cytoxolic malic enzyme had a similar tendency to those of G6PDH. The results indicate that certain active components in prosmillet other than fiber have the potential to exert hypolipidemic effects via regulating cholesterol excretions and lipogenesis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.391-398
• /
• 2000

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a small peptide molecule synthesized by white adipocytes with an important role in the regulation of body fat and food intake. Based on the evidence that synthesis of leptin is regulated by female sex hormone, estrogen, this present study was investigated whether sex hormone precursor DHEA, can regulate obese gene expression in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. Antiobesity activity of DHEA was evaluated by determining body weight, food consumption, epididymal fat weight and serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in ICR, C57BL/6J, and ob/ob mice. The treatment of C57BL/6J lean and obese mice with a diet containing 0.3% and 0.6% DHEA resulted in lowered rates of weight gain in comparison to non-treated mice, although much greater response was found in the obese mice. All other concentrations of DHEA (0.015%, 0.06%, 0.15%, 0.3%) except the highest one(0.6%) showed no significant effects on weight gain in ICR mice. Food consumption was significantly decreased in all mice treated with 0.6% DHEA, whereas it was not decreased in ICR mice at lower concentrations than 0.6% DHEA. DHEA decreased significantly epididymal adipose tissue weight and serum triglyceride levels dose dependently in lean and obese mice. However serum cholesterol levels were decreased at lower concentrations than 0.15% DHEA and increased at concentrations of 0.3% and 0.6% DHEA in lean and obese mice. These increases in serum cholestrol levels at high concentrations of DHEA might result from the fact that DHEA has a cholesterol moiety thereby interfered the assay system. As an approach to elucidate the mechanism for antiobesity activity of DHEA, we examined mRNA levels of obese gene in the adipocyte and obese gene product (leptin) in the serum. The results showed that DHEA did not affect obese gene expression in ICR and C57BL/6J mice. Therefore, we concluded that antiobesity activity of DHEA was not modulated by obese gene expression.