• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

We analyzed and compared the concentration of total cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in serum and the serum protein electrophoresis fractions of thyroid disease patients. In comparison with the average of reference, our data showed that the average concentration of CHOL, LDL cholesterol and TG in hyperthyroidism patients were decreased significantly, but HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In hypothyroidism patients, CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG were all increased significantly. In comparison of the concentration of lipids in each patient to reference range, 28.3% of hyperthyroidism patients showed abnormally low level of total cholesterol. In the patients with hypothyroidism, the percentage of patients showed abnormally high level of CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG were 37.7%, 10%, 68.8% and 49.1%, respectively. In our studies of serum protein electrophoresis, the average of ${\alpha}_2$-globulin and $\gamma$-globulin in hyperthyroidism patients were increased and $\beta$-globulin was decreased significantly. In hypothyroidism patients, the average of $\gamma$-globulin was increased and $\beta$-globulin was decreased significantly. In comparison of protein fractions of each patient to reference range, 38.3% and 50.0% of hyperthyroidism patients showed abnormally high levels of ${\alpha}_2$-globulin and $\gamma$-globulin, but 73.3% of patients showed abnormally low level of $\beta$-globulin. In hypothyroidism patients, 70.4% of patients were abnormally decreased in $\beta$-globulin and 63.9% of patients were abnormally increased in $\gamma$-globulin. These data suggest that the concentrations of CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG are not critical data for clinical interpretation of hyperthyroidism, but the levels of them are useful for interpretation of hypothyroidism patients. Our results of serum protein electrophoresis suggest that the concentration of serum protein electrophoresis fractions can be useful to understand the thyroid disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2008

고콜레스테롤 혈증은 힘줄의 지방축적, 피부, 간비대, 췌장염 및 심장 발작 등과 같은 여러 가지 병리현상을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 홍삼 물추출물(홍삼정)이 고콜레스테롤로 식이된 마우스의 간 기능 회복에 대하여 연구하였다. 고콜레스테롤 사료를 2주 동안 식이 한 후 홍삼물추출물(홍삼정)을 투여용량 100,300,500 mg/kg, b.w으로 경구 투여하였다. 마우스군을 6개 군으로, 즉, 정상군(AIN-2WK), 고콜레스테롤 4주 식이군(CHOL-4WK), 고콜레스테롤 2주 식이 + 정상식이 2주군(CHOL-2WK) 그리고 고콜레스테롤 2주식이 + 정상식이 2주 및 홍삼 물추출물 투여군( R100, R300, R500) 으로 나누어 실험하였다. 1. 홍삼 투여군의 간 무게 및 총 지질의 양은 고콜레스테롤 4주 식이군(CHOL-4WK) 및 고콜레스테롤 2주 식이군(CHOL-2WK) 비하여 현저하게 낮았다. 그러므로 홍삼 물추출물은 효과는 고콜레스테롤 식이한 생쥐의 간의 비대 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 2. 콜레스테롤 2주 식이군(CHOL-2WK)은 고콜레스테롤 식이군(CHOL-4WK)에 비하여 총 콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 감소 효과는 홍삼 물추출물 투여에 의하여 더욱 강화되었다. 3. 고콜레스테롤 4주 식이군(CHOL-4WK)은 정상군(AIN-2WK)에 비하여 유의하게 간 중성 지방이 감소하였으며 콜레스테롤 2주 식이군(CHOL-2WK) 및 홍삼 물추출물 투여군은 유의하게 증가하였다. 이결과로 볼때 정상식이 전환 및 홍삼투여가 간기능을 정상화 시킴을 알 수 있었다. 4. 홍삼 투여군에서 지질과산화의 수치가 현저하게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들은 홍삼 물추출물은 고콜레스테롤혈증이 유발된 마우스에서 간의 지질 대사 및 간 기능을 증진시킴으로써 비만의 식이요법 및 고콜레스테롤 혈증에 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2009

본 연구는 선행연구에서 적송잎 열수추출물의 항산화 활성이 높았으며 아임계 추출물 중에 항산화 활성이 높은 proanthocyanidin 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났으므로, 이러한 in vitro 실험의 결과를 in vivo 실험을 통하여 입증하고자 하였다. 적송잎의 열수추출물과 아임계 추출물이 콜레스테롤 식이를 투여한 흰쥐의 체내 항산화능에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 혈청 중의 AST, ALT, ALP 및 간장중의 항산화 효소인 SOD, CAT, GPx의 활성을 측정하였다. 체중 증가량은 콜레스테롤 식이를 투여한 CHOL군이 일반 대조식이군인 CON군보다 유의적으로 증가하는 결과가 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 식이 투여 시 식이섭취량은 일반식이군에 비하여 감소하였으나 식이효율은 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 적송잎 추출물을 투여하였을 경우 체중증가량은 감소하였으나 유의차가 없었으므로 적송잎 추출물이 콜레스테롤 식이로 인한 체중증가에는 별다른 영향을 주지 않는것으로 나타났다. 혈청 중의 ALT 및 AST 활성은 콜레스테롤 식이를 투여한 CHOL군이 CON군에 비하여 활성이 증가되었으나 적송잎 추출물의 투여로 인하여 감소하는 경향을 타나내었다. 특히 열수 추출물보다 아임계 추출물에서 AST의 활성은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, ALT는 유의성은 없었으나 CHOL군보다 활성이 낮게 나타났다. 간 조직 중의 항산화 효소 결과에서 SOD 유사활성은 CHOL군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으나 적송잎 아임계추출물 투여에 의해 증가하는 결과가 나타났다. GPx활성은 CON군에 비해 CHOL군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 적송잎 추출물 투여에 의해 CHOL군에 비해 현저하게 높은 결과로 나타나, 콜레스테롤식이 투여로 인한 효소활성 저하가 적송잎에 의해 회복됨을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과, 고콜레스테롤 유발 흰쥐에게 적송잎 추출물의 급여는 체내 항산화효소의 활성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 적송잎 추출물이 체내 항산화능 개선에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among the levels of fasting serum insulin, free fatty acid, lipids and anthropometry in normal-weight female college students. Serum insulin and free fatty acid levels were negatively correlated. However, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were not correlated with fat mass or BMI(body mass index). The ability of anthropometric and biochemical indicators to predict fatness could be important for epidemiologic and clinical research. In the subjects, waist cirumference was correlated with BMI, fat mass and percent body fat, and HDLC/CHOL (high density lipoprotein cholesterol/cholesterol)was correlated with body weight, BMI, and fat mass. Our data suggests than waist circumference and HDLC/CHOL are predictors of fatness, whereas WHR apears to be a less important contributor to fatness in female college students.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of the pleural fluid cholesterol level in separating the exudates from the transudates, and in differentiating tuberculous exudates from non-tuberculous exudates, 52 patients with pleural effusion were involved in this prospective study. By predefined criteria, 40 of these effusions were classified as exudates (Group I) and 12 as transudates (Group II). Group I was subdivided into tuberculous exudates (Group A) and non-tuberculous exudates (Group B). The followings are parameters used in separating the exudates from the transudates; pleural protein (P-PROT) 3.0 g/dl, pleural protein/serum protein ratio (P/S PORT) 0.5, pleural LDH (P-LDH) 200 IU, pleural LDH/serum LDH ratio (P/S LDH) 0.6, pleural cholesterol (P-CHOL) 50 mg/dl and pleural cholesterol/serum cholesterol ratio (P/S CHOL) 0.4. Mean values of the parameters in each group were compared, and then misclassified rate and the dignostic efficiency for each parameter were calculated. The results were as follows; 1) Mean P-CHOL ($94.98{\pm}73.86\;mg/dl$) in Group I was higher than that ($36.5{\pm}26.5\;mg/dl$) in Group II (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in mean P-CHOL between Group A and Group B. 2) Mean P/S CHOL ($0.64{\pm}0.39$) in Group I was also higher than that ($0.27{\pm}0.15$) in Group II (p<0.01), but no difference was observed in mean P/S CHOL between Group A and Group B. 3) Misclassified rates for each parameter in separating the exudates from the transudates were as follows; P-PROT 1.9%. P/S PROT 3.8%. P-CHOL 9.6%, P/S CHOL 11.5%, P/S LDH 11.5%, and P-LDH 17.3%. 4) Diagnostic efficiencies for each parameter in separating the exudates from the transudates were as follows; P-PROT 98.1%, P/S PROT 96.2%. P-CHOL 90.4%. P/S CHOL 88.5%, P/S LDH 88.5%, and P-LDH 82.7%. In conclusion, we think that the pleural fluid chloesterol level could be used as a supportive parameter in separating the exudates from the transudates, but could not be used as a parameter in differentiating tuberculous exudates from non-tuberculous exudates.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.747-751
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• 2004

콜레스테롤 식이로 유발시킨 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐에 유산균 발효유(요구르트) 및 해양식물인 함초(Salicornia herbacea) 추출물 첨가 유산균 발효유(함초 요구르트)를 식이중에 5% (w/w)수준으로 첨가하여 지질농도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 콜레스테롤 식이군에 비해 함초 요구르트 및 요구르트 식이군에서 각각 유의적으로 감소하였다. 동맥경화 지수(atherogenic index)도 콜레스테롤 식이군에 비해 함초 요구르트 및 요구르트 식이군에서 각각 유의적으로 감소하여 항동맥경화 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 함초 요구르트에 의한 콜레스테롤 감소 효과는 콜레스테롤로부터 담즙산 합성 증가에 의한 혈청 중의 담즙산 농도 증가와 장내 흡수 저해에 의한 분변 중으로의 증가에 의한 것으로 사료되었다. 혈중 유리 지방산 농도는 함초 요구르트 식이군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈당치는 함초 요구르트 식이에서만 유의적으로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험 결과로부터 함초 추출물 첨가 요구르트는 혈청 콜레스테롤 감소에 의한 항동맥경화 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 해양식물 유래 신기능성 식품 개발 가능성이 대두되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2001

1. 수축기 혈압은 운동을 하고 있는 군에서 약간 낮았으나 이완기 혈압은 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 운동을 하고 있는 여대생의 경우 체지방량이 낮게 나타난 반면 제지방량은 변화가 없어 운동 여부에 의한 차이가 거의 보이지 않았다. 또 혈중 포도당 함량은 규칙적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에서 다소 높은 수준이었다. 2. 체지방율은 지속적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에 서 유의성은 없었지만 약간 낮았으며 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 농도 역시 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다. HDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 두 군 모두 거의 비슷한 수준으로 군간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았던 반면 LDL 콜레스테롤의 경우 운동에 의해서 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 규칙적인 운동에 의해서 HDL-Chol/Total-Chol 비율은 증가되었으며 LDL-Chol/HDL-Chol의 비율은 낮았다. 3. 혈액중 지단백질의 상대적인 분포는 HDL(%)의 경우 지속적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생의 경우 일반 여대생에 비해 거의 차이가 없었고 LDL(%)는 유의성 있게 낮았던 반면 VLDL( %)는 오히려 높게 나타났다. Plasma의 지방산 조성중 포화 지방산 함량은 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에서 약간 높았지만 다가 불포화 지방산 함량은 같은 수준으로 두 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.166-178
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was no investigate serum lipid levels of primary school children and to estimate their intakes of total fat and fatty acids. Subjects fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(Chol) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Chol). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol), LDL-Chol/HDL-Chol ratio(LPH), and atherogenic index(AI) were calculated,. Dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by means of a 24-hour recall method using food models and other measuring tools . The serum levels of TG, Chol and LDL-Chol in girls were higher than those in boys, but the serum HDL-Chol level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of obesity increased, the serum TG level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of oesity increased , the serum TG level of girls increased. The serum LDL-Chol level was higher in obese boys than in normal ones. Percentage s of subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease based on corresponding criteria of TG, Chol,HDL-CHol and LDL-Chol were 25.9%, 7.6%, 20.7% and 10.1%, respectively. The serum TG level of children provided with the national school lunch program(NSLP) was lower than that of children without NLSP. The total fat intake of boys was higher than that of girls, but calorie-adjusted fat intake became similar between the two groups. Intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and saturated fatty acids(SFA) were 13.3$\pm$9.5g, 16.1$\pm$9.3g and 21.4$\pm$14.2g in boys, respecitively , and 12.6$\pm$11.3g, 15.3$\pm$9.7g and 19.9$\pm$13.1g in girls, respectively . The ratios of polyunsaturated /monoun-saturated /saturated /saturated fatty acids(P/M/S) in boys and girls were 0.7/0.8/1.0 and 0.8/0.8/1.0 respectively. The ratios of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids in boys and girls were found to be 12.1 /1.0 and 8.6/1.0 , respectively. These results indicated the urgent need of nutritional education in primary schools to prevent further increase in childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia . Therefore, this study will contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines and health recommendation for school children.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.866-871
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• 2012

A novel cholesterol-based cationic lipid containing a tri-2-hydroxyethylamine head group and ether linker (Chol-THEA) was synthesized and examined as a potent gene delivery vehicle. In the preparation of cationic liposome, the addition of DOPE as helper lipid significantly increased the transfection efficiency. To find the optimum transfection efficiency, we screened various weight ratios of DOPE and liposome/DNA (N/P). The best transfection efficiency was found at the Chol-THEA:DOPE weight ratio of 1:1 and N/P weight ratio of 10~15. Most of the plasmid DNA was retarded by this liposome at the optimum N/P weight ratio of 10. The transfection efficiency of Chol-THEA liposome was compared with DOTAP, Lipofectamine, and DMRIE-C using the luciferase assay and GFP expression. Chol-THEA liposome with low toxicity had better or similar potency of gene delivery compared with commercial liposomes in COS-7, Huh-7, and MCF-7 cells. Therefore, Chol-THEA could be a useful non-viral vector for gene delivery.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2011

Amongst a number of potential nonviral vectors, cationic liposomes have been actively researched, with both gemini surfactants and bola amphiphiles reported as being in possession of good structures in terms of cell viability and in vitro transfection. In this study, a cholesterol-based diquaternary ammonium gemini surfactant (Chol-GS) was synthesized and assessed as a novel nonviral gene vector. Chol-GS was synthesized from cholesterol by way of four reaction steps. The optimal efficiency was found to be at a weight ratio of 1:4 of lipid:DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-L-${\alpha}$- glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine), and at a ratio of between 10:1~15:1 of liposome:DNA. The transfection efficiency was compared with commercial liposomes and with Lipofectamine, 1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-dimethylhydroxyethylammonium bromide (DMRIE-C), and N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP). The results indicate that the efficiency of Chol-GS is greater than that of all the tested commercial liposomes in COS7 and Huh7 cells, and higher than DOTAP and Lipofectamine in A549 cells. Confirmation of these findings was observed through the use of green fluorescent protein expression. Chol-GS exhibited a moderate level of cytotoxicity, at optimum concentrations for efficient transfection, indicating cell viability. Hence, the newly synthesized Chol-GS liposome has the potential of being an excellent nonviral vector for gene delivery.