• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5381-5384
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• 2012

Background and Aim: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon malignancy of the bile duct, occurring in nearly 2 out of 100,000 people. It is a type of adenocarcinoma that originates in the mucous glands of the epithelium, or surface layers of the bile ducts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, diagnostic results and factors associated with survival, morbidity and mortalityof cholangiocarcinoma cases in Iranian patients. Method: In this retrospective study the hospital medical records of 283 patients with a primary or final diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma who had been admitted to gastroenterology ward of our hospital from 2004 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: 283 patients (180 male, 63%, and 103 female, 38.6%) with a mean age of $59.7{\pm}14.4$ years were studied. The most frequent symptoms were painless jaundice (190, 66.9%), abdominal pain (77, 27%), pruritus 133 (46.8%) and weight loss (169, 59.5%). The most frequent associated risk factors and diseases were as follows: gallstones (72, 25.4%), diabetes (70, 24.6%), HBV infection (52 (18.3%), HCV infection 43 (15%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (16, 5.6%) and smoking (120, 42.3%). The most frequent type of cholangiocarcinoma in ERCP and MRCP was hilar. The mean survival time was $7.42{\pm}5.76$ months. Conclusion: The mean survival time in our study was lower than one year. Moreover the most frequent risk factors and associated diseases were smoking, gallstones and diabetes. Painless jaundice, abdominal pain and weight loss were the most clinical features related to cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally survival time did not correlate with risk factors, associated diseases and clinical presentations, but was linked to biliary metallic stenting and surgery.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1993

The study was carried out to observe the effects of Clonorchis sinensis Infection on induction of cholangiocarcinoma in Syrian golden hamsters to which 15 ppm dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) solution was administered for 8 weeks. The histopathological changes of the bile duct and liver cells were observed at the 11th week. In six of 8 hamsters (75%) which were treated with DMN and then infected with C. sinenis, the livers developed cholangiocarcinoma at 10 weeks after the infestation of C. sinenis. The features of cholangiocarcinoma lesions were adenomatous or papillary hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelia showing distinct anaplastic changes with mucinous cell metaplasia and necrotic area. In the hamsters which received either DMN or C. sinenis alone, the livers showed only hyperplastic changes of the bile duct epithelial cells. It was suggested that C. sinensis infection and DMN administration could be a synergism on the development of cholangiocarcinoma in Syrian golden hamsters.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.465-475
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the antineoplastic effect of ethanol extracts from Sanguisorbae Radix on cholangiocarcinoma cells that was established from biliary tract cancer tissue. Materials and Methods : Two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, SNU-1079 and SNU-1196, were studied. The mRNA expression of Caspase 3, 8, 9, Bcl-2, Bax, P53, and P21 was examined by RT-PCR. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry and apoptosis by cell death detection ELISA kit. Results : Proliferation of SNU-1079 and SNU-1196 was inhibited by Sanguisorbae Radix treatment in a dose-dependent manner. All cells treated with Sanguisorbae Radix showed increased dose- and time-dependent apoptosis. The expression of caspase 3, 8, 9, p53, and p21 was increased in all cells after the treatment of Sanguisorbae Radix. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased in SNU-1196 and Bax expression was increased in all cells after the treatment of Sanguisorbae Radix. Conclusions : These results suggest that Sanguisorbae Radix would be beneficial in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3565-3568
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• 2013

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common cancer in males in Thailand. The outcome is poor although systemic chemotherapy has been used in attempts to improve disease control, quality of life and prolong survival in patient with unresectable and advanced disease. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study the medical records of all patients diagnosed as having unresectable and metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and receiving systemic chemotherapy at Udonthani Cancer Hospital during January 2007 to December 2010 were reviewed. Results: Among the total of 105 patients, 21 received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and 84 5FU-based chemotherapy. Most received platinum doublet regimens. 5FU-based regimens yielded an overall response rate (tumor control) of 23.8% and a median survival of 7.2 months while gemcitabine-based regimens yielded an overall response rate (tumor control) 19.1% and a median survival of 10.0 months. Conclusions: Tumor control and survival of patient with advanced cholangiocarcinoma treated with gemcitabine-based and 5FU-based chemotherapy do not markedly differ.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.19-34
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-tumor effect of O. japonicus extracts on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell line SNU-1079. Methods: Cholangiocarcinoma SNU-1079 cells were treated with various concentrations of O. japonicus DW and EtOH extracts ($0-300{\mu}g/ml$) for 24, 48 or 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated through a PMS/MTS assay, and the apoptosis rate was examined through ELISA assay and flow cytometry analysis. The mRNA expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle progression-related genes (Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bax, Survivin, Cyclin D1, and p21) was evaluated using real-time PCR, and the caspase activity was examined using immunoblot analysis. Results: O. japonicus extracts inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis rate in both ELISA assay and flow cytometry analysis. O. japonicus extracts decreased Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Survivin, and Cyclin D1 mRNA expression and increased Bax mRNA level. O. japonicus extracts also increased Caspase-3 activation. Overall, O. japonicus DW extracts were more effective than EtOH extracts. Conclusions: O. japonicus inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in SNU-1079 cells via mitochondria -mediated intrinsic pathway, which leads to Caspase-3 activation. The results indicate that O. japonicus is a potential therapeutic herb with anti-tumor effect against intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 2002

Choledochal cyst is a rare developmental malformation of the biliary tree and has serious problem of transformation to malignancy. The development of cholangiocarcinoma related to choledochal cyst increases as the age of patient increases and is more common in Orientals with female predominance of 2.5 times. Prevalence rate of cholangiocarcinoma is various from 2.5 to 15.6% in adult with choledochal cyst, but very low in children. We experienced a case of cholangiocarcinoma with multiple liver metastases arising from type I choledochal cyst in a 13-year-old girl who complained of sudden onset of right upper quadrant abdominal pain.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2014

We report a patient with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma confined in the common hepatic duct and scirrhous type of hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe of liver simultaneously. The patient was a 55-yearsold Korean man with hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier who was referred from a local hospital due to detected liver mass on abdominal computed tomography (CT). He has presented jaundice and weight loss for the previous 3 weeks. Laboratory examination showed AST/ALT elevation and hyperbilirubinemia. HBsAg was positive. The tumor marker study showed elevated AFP and DCP, not CEA and CA 19-9. Abdominal CT disclosed an about 2.1×0.9 cm sized soft tissue density in hilum with both intrahepatic duct (IHD) dilatations and an about 3×2.1 cm sized arterial enhancing lesion at segment 8 of the liver. Patient received 15 cycles of Gemcitabine/Cisplantin chemotherapy from February 27, 2013 to December 31, 2013. Caudate lobectomy of liver, segmental resection of bile duct and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed on February 10, 2014. The final pathologic report showed double primary liver cancer, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in common hepatic bile duct and scirrhous type of hepatocellular carcinoma in segment 1 of the liver. This is a very unusual case in which combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma confined in the large bile duct and two rare hepatic cancers coexisted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.529-532
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• 2013

Cholangiocarcinoma, though very rare in Western countries, is one of the commonest liver malignancies in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand. More than half of the patients present with advanced stage disease. Given the poor treatment outcomes of adjuvant therapeutic options, many patients undergo only biliary drainage for palliative treatment. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes after biliary stenting were here analyzed for a total of 224 uresectable cholangiocarcinoma cases, 58.9% in men. The mean age was 61.5 years. Hilar involvement was the most common location. The patients underwent biliary drainage using plastic and metallic stents equally, early stent occlusion being encountered in 21.4% and 10.7%, respectively. The median survival time was 4.93 months for patients who received plastic and 5.87 months for patients who received metallic stents.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.247-251
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• 2015

Tumors metastasizing from distant regions to the oral and maxillofacial region are uncommon, comprising only 1%-2% of all malignancies. Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy that arises from cholangiocytes, which are epithelial cells that line the bile ducts. These cancers are difficult to diagnose and have a poor prognosis. In this paper, we report a rare case of mandibular metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed at the primary site and discuss the radiographic findings observed in this case.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6279-6284
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• 2015

Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an important cancer in the Great Mekong region, particularly in Thailand. Limitations of treatment options and the lack of an effective diagnostic tool for early detection of CCA are major concerns for the control of this type of cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-CCA activity of the ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., and the applicability of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as a tool for detection and monitoring the progression of CCA in Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced CCA hamsters. Male Syrian hamsters were used for toxicity tests and anti-CCA activity evaluation. Development of CCA was induced by initial feeding of 50 metacercariae of OV, followed by drinking water containing 12.5 ppm of DMN in hamsters. The ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. was administered orally for 30 days. PET-CT was performed every 4 weeks after initiation of CCA using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}F-FDG$). Results from the present study suggest that the ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. rhizome exhibited promising anti-CCA activity and safety profile in the OV/DMN-induced hamster model. To successfully apply PET-CT as a tool for early detection of tumor development and progression, modification of radiolabeling approach is required to improve its specificity for CCA cells.