• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There are limited studies investigating the eating patterns of children's favorite foods. The present study aimed to evaluate a wide range of children's favorite foods, derive its eating patterns, and identify factors related to the patterns. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional study included 5,458 students in elementary, middle, and high schools. The survey was conducted at each school to evaluate children's favorite food intake, including the intake frequency of 31 food items or food groups, and its related factors, such as demographic, economic, and environmental characteristics and awareness of policies on children's favorite foods. Factor analysis using varimax rotation method and logistic regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Two factors were derived as major eating patterns from data of children's favorite foods: the 'unhealthy eating pattern' which mainly involves confectionery, chocolate, ramen, fried food, etc.; and the 'healthy eating pattern' which mainly involves soybean milk, vegetables, fruit juice, and nuts. A stepwise selection procedure through the regression analysis revealed that allowance, use of screen media, less awareness of policies on children's favorite foods, and less interest in health were positively related to the tendency of unhealthy or less-healthy eating patterns (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study examined that the eating patterns of children's favorite foods were associated with certain environmental characteristics and awareness about the related policies. These findings suggest that a nutrition education program regarding children's favorite foods needs to be conducted according to the characteristics of students to develop their healthy eating habits and proper choice of favorite foods.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1992

음성 인식에 신경망 모델을 적용하는 많은 연구들이 있었지만, 주된 관심은 음성인식에 적합한 구조와 학습 방법이었다. 그러나 음성인식에 신경망 모델을 적용한 시스템의 효율 향상은 모델 자체의 구조뿐 아니라, 신경망 모델의 입력으로 어떤 음성 파라미터를 사용하는가에 따라서도 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 논문은 기존 음성인식에 신경망 모델을 적용한 많은 연구들에서 사용한 음성 파라미터를 살펴보고, 대표적인 음성 파라미터 6개를 선정하여, 같은 데이타와 같은 신경망 모델 하에서 어떻게 성능이 달라지는지를 분석한다. 인식 실험에 있어서는 한국어 파열음 9개에 대한 8개 데이터 집합과 모음 8개에 대한 18개 데이터 집합을 음성 파라미터로 하고 신경망 모델은 순환 신경망 모델을 사용하여 노드의 수를 일정하게 한뒤 다양한 입력 파라미터의 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 선형 예측 계수로부터 얻어진 delta cepstrum의 음성 파라미터가 가장 좋은 성능을 보였으며 이때 인식률은 같은 학습 데이터에 대해 파열음 100.0%, 모음 95.1%이었다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.879-889
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dimensions of clothing benefits sought of male and female consumers in their twenties. It also aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics associated with customers types and the relationship among the related variables by the consumers types. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, cluster analysis, and $X^2$-test. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The clothing benefits consisted of five factors, which were the pursuit of style, individuality, popular brand, vogue, and practicality. Based on these five factors, respondents were classified into four consumer types, which were style-and-trend-oriented, practicality-oriented, popular brand-oriented, and fashion indifference consumers. 2) In terms of the demographics, there were significant differences in age, gender, and total income among the consumer types of clothing benefits. 3) There was a significant difference in single brand loyalty in terms of the consumers types of clothing benefits. The popular brand-oriented group showed the highest mean in the single brand loyalty, while the practicality-oriented group did the lowest. 4) There were significant differences in the selection of the stores among consumers types of clothing benefits. Specifically, the style-and-trend-oriented group the most selected department stores, while practicality-oriented group chose fashion outlets or online shopping malls the most. Additionally, in terms of the information sources, the style-and-trend-oriented group the most frequently used magazine ads, while the popular-brand-oriented group preferred commercials on TV or radio, direct mail, or flyers from department stores. On the other hand, the fashion indifference group the most frequently used mass media.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

Ethics involves distinguishing between what is right or wrong thereby making a correct choice. An organization should treat its internal as well as external stakeholders ethically. This research gives valuable insights on the prevailing ethical climate and potential organizational challenges in institutionalizing ethics and its management in the manufacturing sector. The present study is designed to analyze four parameters of ethical climate in the manufacturing sector with reference to different managerial levels, to identify the critical factor of the ethical code of conduct and to find correlations between four parameters of ethical climate. Descriptive research has been used and data are collected from 200 employees of three Indian companies of manufacturing sector using a well designed questionnaire. Analyzing data with SPSS, It has been found that overall good number of people believe that MBE (Management of Business Ethics) process is well implemented. People are well aware and trained and involved in the ethical process. Senior management is very much committed to promote the ethical environment in the organization and thus company values are well communicated to the employees. Concern resolution mechanism is well established in the organization. MBE in the organization is more prevalent in higher-level employees. Senior management commitment and reinforcement is very critical for CoC (code of conduct). Correlation between all the 4 parameters is positive and significant. But the parameters are not highly correlated with each other. Organizations need to work upon these parameters to promote an ethical climate in the organization by awarding or felicitating exemplary ethical behavior. More emphasis should be given on senior management commitment and reinforcement of the ethical behavior across all levels.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2013

Preference studies regarding the elderly housing have been conducted to find out design features in specific needs of certain elderly groups with their various demographic characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate preference for accessible design features for the elderly and find out the differences in preference whether the cost information was given or not. Contrast to the previous studies, we suggested some alternatives to fulfill the accessible goals. Preference for each option was investigated and differences in preference with its cost information was also investigated. The total of 700 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS 18.0. As a result, to remove the level differences, respondents prefer installation of trench to installation of deck or ramp. When people received the cost information, the proportion of selection for each option has slightly changed. The findings of the study suggest that cost information is an important factor for choosing the option for removal of level difference, installation of sink design and holding bars, and installation of elevator. Regardless of age, the respondents prefer sliding door option (its cost is equal to the other option), one of the door option for bath room. It may be due to the relative small area for its installation. It was found that when people recognized the importance of the accessible design features higher, they are ore likely to pay for the option even though its cost is higher. The higher people evaluate the importance of accessible design features, the more they can pay for the option. In general, for the preference of alternatives, there are significant differences between the elderly and the younger.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2018

무기체계의 복잡성과 현대화로 인해 군수품을 생산하는 방위산업체의 역할은 점점 더 중요시되고 있다. 과거 내수위주의 방위산업은 가격 경쟁력이 제품 선택의 주요 요소였다. 하지만, 오늘날 우수 품질을 바탕으로 국내 군수품에 대한 수출이 급속도로 확대되고 있는 실정이며 국내 방위산업체의 경영의 효율성을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 방안이 필요 시 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 의사결정 방법론 중 하나인 자료포락분석기법(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)를 활용하여 경영효율성을 측정하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 DEA를 활용하기 위해 투입 변수로 종업원수(품질부서), R&D현황을 설정하였고 출력 변수로는 매출액 및 영업이익을 설정하였다. 방산업체의 효율성을 분석하기 위해 불면 규모수익을 가정하는 CCR(harnes, Cooper and Rhodes)모형과 수익변동모형을 가정하는 BCC(Banker, Charnes and Cooper)모형을 모두 분석하였으며 규모효율성(Scale Efficiency: SE) 값을 도출하여 비효율적인 DMU의 원인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 국내 방위산업체의 수준 평가 및 비효율적인 DMU의 원인을 분석하였으며 마지막으로 국내 방산업체의 발전 방안을 도출하였다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2013

본 연구는 조현병의 신경과학적 연구에 대한 흐름을 알아봄으로써 임상가들에게 조현병 환자 치료의 토대를 제공하고, 보다 효과적인 치료를 선정하는데 도움이 되고자 하였다. 현재까지 조현병 환자의 신경과학적 연구는 매우 활발히 이루어지고 있는데, 본 고찰에서는 조현병의 발생에 대한 연구와 조현병으로 인한 신경해부학적 기능 이상에 초점을 두고 살펴보았다. 조현병의 발생과 관련된 연구는 신경생화학적 이상, 신경발달적 모델, 뇌단백물질, 뇌유래신경영양인자에 대한 근거들을 다루었으며, 조현병의 신경해부학적 기능 이상에 대해서는 주로 신경영상학적 특징들에 근거하였다. 결론적으로, 조현병은 광범위한 기능적 손실을 가져오는 정신과적 질환으로 이제까지 원인과 치료에 대한 많은 연구들이 실행되고 있지만 아직 명백한 결과를 가져오지는 못하고 있다. 그러나 이제까지 밝혀진 많은 근거들은 임상가들이 조현병 환자를 치료하고 재활함에 있어서 충분한 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로도 조현병의 원인 규명과 치료에 대한 다양한 신경과학적 연구가 진행될 것으로 보인다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2011

본 연구는 교통사고 야기자의 PTSD(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) 발생 구조와 원인, 치료방법 선택에 기초적인 자료를 제공하기 위하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 교통사고 피해자가 아닌 가해자를 대상으로 추정만 하던 교통사고 가해자의 PTSD 현황을 전국적인 설문조사를 통하여 파악할 수 있었다. 둘째, 교통사고 야기자를 대상으로 교통사고의 발생과 밀접한 20가지의 운전 상황에서 교통사고 이후의 운전태도 변화를 요인분석으로 3가지로 유형화할 수 있었다. 셋째, PTSD 유 무별로 주요 운전 상황에서의 운전태도 변화의 차이가 있음을 t검정을 통하여 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 t검정을 통하여 유의하다고 나타난 6가지의 운전 상황을 구조방정식 모형에 적용하여 PTSD 관련 변수와 운전태도 변화와의 관계를 분석하는 모형을 구축할 수 있었다. 구축된 모형의 분석을 통해, PTSD 저감 예방을 위한 대책 마련 및 PTSD 저감을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2009

To efficiently express a gene of interest in transgenic plants, the choice of promoter is a crucial factor as it directly affects the expression of the transgene that will yield the desired phenotype. The Arabidopsis ${\beta}-carotene$ hydroxylase 1 gene (AtBch1) shows constitutive and ubiquitous expression and was thus selected as one of best candidates for constitutive promoter analysis by both in silico northern blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. To investigate AtBch1 promoter activity, the 1,981-bp 5'-upstream region of this gene was fused with ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUS) and transformed into Arabidopsis. Through the molecular characterization of transgenic leaf tissues, the AtBch1 promoter generated strong activity that drives 1.8- and 2-fold higher GUS expression than the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (35S) promoter at the transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. Furthermore, the GUS enzyme activity driven by the AtBch1 promoter was 2.8-fold higher than that produced by the 35S promoter. By histochemical GUS staining, the ubiquitous expression of the AtBch1 promoter was observed in all tissues of Arabidopsis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis with different tissues further showed that this promoter serves as a strong constitutive driver of transgene expression in dicot plants.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.353-364
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• 1998

Consumer knowledge has been discussed as an important concept to understand information processing such as information search and evaluation process. It has been defined as the amounts and contents of information in consumer's memory accumulated by experiences. According to literature review, experts who have much knowledge are likely to retrieve their information related to products for a purchase efficiency. Therefore, they are likely to simplify the information processing for a choice. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between clothing product knowledge and evaluative criteria for a purchase. The results were as follows; First, it was found out that evaluative criteria were composed of four dimensions such as the management, the esthetic, the fitness and the brand. Therefore, it is implied that evaluative criteria for purchasing clothing products were multidimensional. Second, the level of objective knowledge was low, and consumers perceived that they didn't have much knowledge related with clothing products. Also, the relationships between objective and subjective knowledge were positive but low. Third, the evaluative criteria were effected by the level of consumer's knowledge significantly. In subjective knowledge, the subjects in a high group considered all criteria more deeply than in a low group. But there was a significant difference only in the esthetic between two groups in objective knowledge. The results of this study imply that consumer knowledge may influence evaluation process. Knowledgeable consumer would consider product attributes deeply for evaluating clothing products, and especially, the esthetic would be an important factor as an attribute including the instrumental and expressive functions in a purchase phase. Therefore, consumer knowl- edge would be a basis of predicting expert's information processing and managing heavy buyer or loyal consumers in apparel industry.