• Title/Summary/Keyword: Choice Difficulty

Search Result 154, Processing Time 0.253 seconds

A Study on the Impact of Attraction and Compromise Effects on Choice Probability of Private Brands (유인 및 타협효과가 유통업체 브랜드(PB)의 선택확률에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Young-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.1806-1814
    • /
    • 2015
  • The strategy of distributors using a PB(Private Brand) inferior to existing PB to increase choice probability of PB arouses difficulty in terms of cost. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify incentive and compromise effects of PB using two realistic experimental methods. Looking at the verification results, incentive and compromise effects occurred to show increase in choice probability of PB when a new GB(Generic Brand) was added to NB(National Brand) and PB of a manufacturer. In specific during experiment 1, choice probability of PB, the target, was changed when decoy brand was introduced even if there is a large difference in preference and choice probability of the competitor and target due to characteristics of NB and PB. In experiment 2, incentive effect appeared when PB of competitor was positioned as an inferior alternative to increase choice probability of the company's PB. Strategic implications on the study results, limits of this study, and future directivity were proposed.

A Study of the movement pattern of pedestrian in the underground space and the factor of route choice and preference (지하공간의 보행자 이동패턴과 경로선택 요인에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Myeong-Hee;Jeon, Gyu-Yeob;Hong, Won-Hwa
    • Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
    • /
    • 2005.11a
    • /
    • pp.311-314
    • /
    • 2005
  • Our city structure is being complicated from the development of industry and the increase in population. It makes the ground space overcrowded, so underground space is systematized for use. Because this underground space has very complicated configuration, people have difficulty in finding the route in the underground space. Therefore It is demanded to comprehend configuration of the various space structure, predict pattern of the moving and analyze induction factor of the moving. When people are in the conflagration or dangerous situation, they are in the habit of using the route which they are used to go to and from. It is needed to analyze moving pattern of the pedestrian who usually use the underground space for the sake of dealing with conflagration in the underground space. Finally, this study suggested that general characteristic, distribution, moving route of the pedestrian and factors influencing that they choose the route which the research finds out.

  • PDF

Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery in Children -Report of Cases- (소아에서의 우측 쇄골하동맥 기시이상 -수술치험 2례-)

  • 이인성
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.308-311
    • /
    • 1993
  • Aberrant right subclavian arteries were experienced in two young children. This is a rare aortic arch anomaly that usually does not produce symptoms. Symtomatic patients require surgical interventions.We describe two young children who had aberrant right subclavian artery with symptoms of difficulty in swallowing and respiratory problems. Diagnosis was made by esophagography, aortography and 3-Dimension chest CT. Operation had been advocated through right thoracotomy without difficulty for ligation, division and anastomosis to the ascending aorta. Dysphagia lusoria was immediately relieved and postoperative course was uneventful. We consider that the right thoracotomy is the choice of operative approach and noninvasive diagnosis by 3-Dimension chest CT is easily made for infant with aberrant right subclavian artery.

  • PDF

A CSP based Learner Tailoring Question Recommendation Process using Item Response Theory (문항반응이론을 이용한 CSP 기반의 학습자 중심 문제추천 프로세스)

  • Jeong, Hwa-Young
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
    • /
    • v.10 no.5
    • /
    • pp.145-152
    • /
    • 2009
  • Applications such as study guides and adaptive tutoring must rely on a fine grained student model to tailor their interaction with the user. They are useful for Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT), for example, where the test items can be administered in order to maximize the information. I study how to design learner tailoring question process for recommendation. And this process can be applied the CAT and I use the formal language such as CSP in each process development for efficient process design. I use the item difficulty of item response theory for question recommendation process and learner can choice the difficulty step for learning change to control the difficulty of question in next learning. Finally, this method displayed the structural difference to compare between existent and this process.

  • PDF

Effect of Guessing on the Correct Answer in a Multiple Choice (객관식 선다형문항에서 추측이 정답에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Boseob
    • The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.29-36
    • /
    • 2020
  • Various items were used as evaluation tools that identify the student's abilities accurately to confirm the completion of learning. Among them, the multiple choice item has the advantages of high objectivity and reliability in scoring, but it cannot remove the factor of guessing. In this paper, the multiple choice items are classified into two types according to the relationship between the questionnaire and the choices. One is the type used in the classical test theory with the probability of guessing 1/k for k choices and the other is the novel proposed type which introduces the concept of partial knowledge. In the proposed type, the probability of guessing when the number of knowledge i is (i+1)/k for k choices. Based on the assumptions of the previous theories about multiple choice items, we derive the guessing parameter about the proposed type. And we analyzed the effect of the guess on the correct answer in the existing type and the proposed type. This shows that the proposed type has more question guessing than the existing type.

The EMI Filter Development of the Electronic Ballast for the Fluorescent Lamp (형광등용 전자식 안정기의 EMI 필터 개발)

  • 박종연;방선배;조계현
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
    • /
    • 2002.06e
    • /
    • pp.303-306
    • /
    • 2002
  • The EMI filter used in switching apparatus is designed on the basis of personal designer experience. A try and error approach leads to a considerables waste of time without assurance to come out to a good solution. The difficulty in the right choice of the component values resides on the dominant role played by their parasitic components at high frequencies and is aggravated by the poor knowledge of the internal impedance of the noise generators. In this paper, we proposed the design technique for the EMI filter effectively using the LISN and the EMI analyzer in the industrial field.

  • PDF

Development of International Passenger Travel Demand Models for the ASEAN Region (아세안지역의 국가간 여객통행수요 추정모형 구축에 관한 연구)

  • Mun, Jin-Su;Park, Jun-Hwan;Jung, Ho-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
    • /
    • v.26 no.6
    • /
    • pp.7-15
    • /
    • 2008
  • Due to the limitations in the statistical data, the existing studies adopted rough methodologies with strong assumptions in the estimation of international passenger travel demand forecast in the ASEAN region. This study aims to develop international passenger travel demand models using scientific methodologies. This study proposes a direct demand model using the immigration and emigration data between countries in the region. This is because of the difficulty of estimating trip generation and trip distribution separately due to the data limitation in the region. As there does not exist the mode choice model for the region, this study estimates a mode choice model using the Stated Preference technique. The mode choice model is separated into three categories of models according to the range of distance between the origin and destination of travel; this is to reflect the different behavior in mode choice according to the travel distance. The result of model estimations suggests that the estimated models produce resonable results statistically. It is expected that the proposed models are useful for the future travel demand estimation in the ASEAN region.

Design and Implementation of Free Choice Activity Management System based on Smart Education (스마트교육 기반 자유선택활동 운영시스템 설계 및 구현)

  • Kim, Kyung-Min;Park, Hyun-Sook
    • The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
    • /
    • v.22 no.3
    • /
    • pp.123-133
    • /
    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to establish Smart Education Environment for children's personalized learning based on the data are accumulated by Smart Device which is one of element on Smart Education. In this study, we propose the operational improvement plan for the free choice activity in the 5-year-old kindergarten and also implement the Free Choice Activity(FCA) management system for children to select and to evaluate the play plans for themselves. Children participating in this study have fun the whole time for the process of self-planning, the playing activities and the self-assessment of playing. As a result, it is confirmed that children participate actively in decision-making of interesting areas through the smart device than the traditional education environment before. A single teacher using FCA management system with smart device in this study can get useful information without difficulty of individual child's interests, learning and the statistics of children in the classroom.

Investigating the Hierarchical Nature of Content and Cognitive Domains in the Mathematics Curriculum for Korean Middle School Students via Assessment Items (평가 문항을 활용한 중학교 수학 교육과정의 내용 및 인지행동의 위계성 조사)

  • Song, Mi-Young;Kim, Sun-Hee
    • School Mathematics
    • /
    • v.9 no.2
    • /
    • pp.223-240
    • /
    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which the middle school mathematics curriculum matched the item difficulty levels of representative mathematics items. The items used in this study were developed for the National Assessment of Educational Achievement. Ranks for difficulty values of the 60 multiple-choice item were calculated via both Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory and correlated with the rank order of the mathematics content and cognitive domains sequence. There are six content domains; number and operation, algebra, measurement, figure, pattern and function, and probability and statistics. The cognitive domains include computation, understanding, reasoning and problem-solving. Results suggest a congruence between cognitive domain's sequence and item difficulty levels of items based on that sequence. This finding indicates that the linear or hierarchical assumptions concerning the sequence appears to be reasonable. The characteristics of items that were exceptions to this trend were addressed.

  • PDF

Automatic Generation of Multiple-Choice Questions Based on Statistical Language Model (통계 언어모델 기반 객관식 빈칸 채우기 문제 생성)

  • Park, Youngki
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.197-206
    • /
    • 2016
  • A fill-in-the-blank with choices are widely used in classrooms in order to check whether students' understand what is being taught. Although there have been proposed many algorithms for generating this type of questions, most of them focus on preparing sentences with blanks rather than generating multiple choices. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for generating multiple choices, given a sentence with a blank. Because the algorithm is based on a statistical language model, we can generate relatively unbiased result and adjust the level of difficulty with ease. The experimental results show that our approach automatically produces similar multiple-choices to those of the exam writers.