• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2001

The spr D gene encoding Strptomyces griseus protease D(SGPD); a chymotrypsin-like proteae, was cloned from Strptomyces griseus IFO13350 and sequence. Most of the amino-acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence is idential to that Strptomyces griseus IMRU3499 except that one amino acid has been deleted and Trp 369 has been substituted into Cys369 in the SGPD from S. griseus IFO13350 without affecting the protease activity. The spr D gene was overexpressed in Streptomyce liv-idans TK24 as a heterologous host. Various media with different compositions were also used to max-imize the productivity of SGPD inthe heterologous host. The SGPD productivity was best when the transformant S. lividans TK24 was cultivated in R2YE medium. The relative chymotrypsin activity of the culture broth measured with an artificial chromogenic substrate, N-scuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe-p-nitroanilide, was 16 units/ml. A high level of SGPD was also produced in YEME and SAAM medial but it was relatively lower that in R2YE medium and negligible amounts of SGPD were produced in GYE, GAE and Benedict media. The growth of S. lividans reacted the maximum level of cell mass at days 3 and 4 of the culture, but SGPD production started in the stationary phase of cell growth and kept increase in till the 10$^{th}$ day of culture in R2YE and YEME medium, but in GYE media the productivity reached maximum level at 8days of cultivation. The introduction of the spr D gene into S. lividans TK24 triggered biosyntheis of the pigmented antibiotic , actinorhodin, which implies some protease may paly a very improtant role in secondary-metabolite formation in sStreptomyces.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.399-411
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to explore the associations of social-demographic, health-behavioral, and woman-specific factors with the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test in Korean adult women. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 9,698 Korean adult women aged 20 years or more who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys V (2010-2012). Rao-Scott chi-square tests and survey logistic regression analyses were employed respectively to analyze the difference in the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test by each characteristic and to explore the factors related to the non-screening status. Results: The rate of the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test was 53.5% over the previous 2 years. In the survey logistics regression analysis, age, marital status, educational levels, income levels, residential area, occupation, private health insurance, smoking, alcohol, obesity, menstrual status, pregnancy experience, and hormone replacement therapy were significantly associated with the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, some social-demographic, health-behavioral, and woman-specific characteristics of Korean adult women seem to affect the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test. Therefore, appropriate health policies need to be designed, implemented, monitored, and evaluated to reduce the non-screening status of the cervical cancer screening test of them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.234-244
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• 2014

Recently it has been focused that the automobile engine has developed in a strong upward tendency for the use of the high viscosity and poorer quality fuels in achieving the high performance, fuel economy, and emission reduction. Therefore it is not easy to solve the problems between low specific fuel consumption and exhaust emission control at motor cars. In this study, it is designed and used the engine test bed which is installed with turbocharger and intercooler. In addition to equipped using CRDI by controlling injection timing with mapping modulator, it has been tested and analyzed the engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emission as operating parameters, and they were engine speeds(rpm), injection timing(bTDC), and engine load(%). From the result of an experimental analysis, peak cylinder pressure and the rate of pressure rise were increased, and the location of it was closer toward top dead center according to the increasing of engine speed and load, and with advancing injection timing. The combustion characteristics are effected by fuel injection timing due to be enhanced the mass burned fraction. Using the engine dynamometer for analyzing the engine performance, the engine torque and power have been enhanced according to advancing the fuel injection timing. In analyzing of exhaust emission, there has been a trade-off between PM and NOx with increasing of engine speed and load, and with advanced injection timing. The experimental data are shown that the formation of NOx has increased and PM, vice versa.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.226-233
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and analyze the effectiveness of an education program counseling manual (EPCM) for community-based visiting nurses. Methods: Seventy-eight of community-based visiting nurses was enrolled in this study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the ${\chi}^2$-test, and the paired t-test in SPSS version 18.0. Results: Nurses had higher mean scores for counselor activity self-efficacy: skill self-efficacy, session management self-efficacy and counseling challenges self-efficacy, after EPCM than before EPCM. Significant differences were found after applying the EPCM. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the EPCM is effective at improving counselor self-efficacy of community-based visiting nurses.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.238-254
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• 2009

The purpose of this study were to examine fashion information acceptance and fashion information sources and to analyze the difference according to clothing shopping orientation among digital generation male consumers. The subject were 349 male who were belonging to digital generation as the digital era's new consumers familial with internet and various kinds of digital media. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed based on the results of previous researches. The data were analyzed by using frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, $\chi^2$ test, multiple regression analysis by SPSS WIN 12.0 package. The results of this study are as follows: First, clothing shopping orientation of digital generation males were classified into 6 factors: fashion oriented, impulse buying, aesthetic pursuit, individuality pursuit, practical type and reasonable economy. Based on the factor scores, 3 clusters were identified; independent, unconcern, high involvement. Second, the high involvement shopping group utilized various information sources. On the other hand, the unconcerned shopping group was passive in utilizing information sources. Third, the fashion information acceptance of digital generation was classified into 5 factors: searching, leading, following, non-accepting, and delaying acceptance. All fashion information acceptance factors were affected by the information and communication media. Finally, The high involved type of shopping group accepted fashion information at its most and actively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.579-583
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• 2010

An 18-month-old intact male Pomeranian dog was presented because of traumatic head injury from a fall. Based on physical and neurological examination, brain injury was suspected. On plain skull radiographs, bony fragment following fracture was identified in the region of the right occipital bone. On computed tomography (CT) images, there were specific findings associated with an intracranial hemorrhage. The patient expired few hours after diagnosis, and performed necropsy. On gross findings, intracerebral hemorrhage and edema was detected and those were consistent with CT images. This report describes the clinical findings, CT imaging characteristics, necropsy findings, and histopathologic features of severe traumatic brain injury in a dog.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the observable symptoms of musculoskeletal disease from electronic components manufacturing workers who involved in many repetitive tasks and to provide the basic data for the prevention and management. The survey was conducted on 721 people from 15 April, 2013 to 17 May, 2013 by self­recording type. The results of the study are as follows. First, symptom complaints based on different body parts are in following order, waist was 12.9%, shoulder was 10.5%, neck was 7.4%, hand/wrist/finger was 7.4%, leg/foot was 4.4%, arm/elbow was 2.8%, and 21.9% of the respondents showed symptoms in more than one body part. Sex, age, marital status, work experience, work intensity, and past accident experience were statistically significant. Second, in the job stress evaluation, all male and female workers were below the median of Korean workers in all of 8 categories. the higher the scores for lack of job autonomy, the higher the symptom complaints of musculoskeletal disease. In the case of patients complain observable symptoms of musculorskeletal disease, they should receive proper outpatient treatment, various programs such as stretching by body parts, setting up a desirable working posture, switching to cyclical work, should b developed as much as possible.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the serum lipid and cholesterol lowering effects of kimchi powder or Lactobacillus plantarum when added to fermented sausage in rats. Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were divided in three groups and administered with the following diets for 6 wk: non-fermented sausage added diets (CON), kimchi fermented sausage added diets (KIM), and Lactobacillus plantarum fermented sausage added diets (PLA). The CON has significantly (p<0.05) higher food intake, body weight gains, and final body weight than the other two groups. The body weight of KIM was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the other groups. The weights of organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, perirenal adipose tissue, and epididymal adipose tissue) were not affected by any treatments. The mean value of serum triglycerides (TG) concentration in KIM and PLA groups was not significantly different compared with CON. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein levels in serum of KIM were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of CON. The serum free cholesterol level and atherogenic index (AI) in KIM and PLA were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementations with kimchi powder fermented sausages or L. plantarum fermented sausages were effective for lowering serum lipid, cholesterol levels and atherogenic index in rats.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

This study compared the contents of low molecular ginsenoside according to fermentation process in low grade fresh ginseng. Low grade fresh ginseng was directly inoculated with a 24 h seed culture of $Bifidobacterium$ Longum B6., $Lactobacillus$ $casei$., and incubated at $36^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. $Bifidobacterium$ Longum B6 was specifically was found to show the best growth on $3,255{\times}10^6\;CFU/m{\ell}$ after 48 h of fermentation. The content of ginsenoside Rb1, Re and Rd were decreased with the fermentation but ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg2 increased after fermentation process. In the case of low molecular ginsenoside conversion yields were 56.07% of Rh2, 12.03% of Rg3 and 77.11% of Rg2, respectively. In addition, compound-K was irregular conversion yield as long as 72 h of fermentation. This results indicate that fermentation process could increase the low molecular ginsenoside in low grade fresh ginseng.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 2000

Clebopride malate(Cm) is a new benzamide drug which has a potent central antidopaminergic activity possessing antiemetic and anxiolytic properties. A purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of formulating sustained release preparation by dispersing a drug in hydrophilic polymeric matrices and double layered tablets(DLT), using HPMC, carbopol, PEO, PVP/VA and other polymers as a rate controlling barrier. The matrix and DLT showed optimum dissolution pattern up to 8 hours and the contents of polymer were optimized at 30% level in this preparation. After an oral administration in beagle dog, Cm concentration was determined by use of GC-ECD and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Vallner's method. The AUC of DLT showed similar results and the duration of action was increased 55% compared to that of regular release dosage form. The calculated absorption rate effectiveness(ARE) and controlled release effectiveness(CRE) for DLT increased 50% compared to that of matrix, the overall effectiveness(E) of this product appears to be about 70%. in vivo effectiveness test, DLT showed significant differences from control on antiemetic action of Cm. In consequence, it was possible to conclude that double layered tablet might be a good candidate for the sustained release dosage forms.