• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 1997

Elevation of the activities of phase 2 enzymes such as quinone reductase(QR) provides protection against several types of neoplasia. In this study, we performed partial purification of QR inducer(s) from roasted and defatted perilla meal by solvent fractionation and thin layer chromatography. Cellular QR induction was most notable in chloroform fraction of roasted perilla extract, compared with other solvent fractions. QR inducer(s) was partially purified by TLC, with 0.8 of $R_f$ value in n-butanol : n-propanol : 2N-ammonium hydroxide(10 : 60 : 30). AHH-inducing activity in TLC fractions isolated from methanol extracts of roasted perilla comigrated with QR-inducing fraction, suggesting that QR and AHH are induced by the same compound. TLC fractions shown strong QR-inducing activity also had a potent antioxidative activity, suggesting that cellular QR enzyme is induced by antioxidant(s) present in roasted perilla.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 1999

Thirty plants were screened for their antioxidative activity. The extracts of Agastache rugosa, Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Lycopus lucidus had high free radical(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities. Methanol extract of Agastache rugosa was fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH test. The ethyl acetate fraction was applied to Sephadex LH-20 column, and the fractions showing antioxidative activity were collected and used for identification of the substance. The purified substance was applied to mass, IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy. The spectra of mass, IR, UV and NMR implied that the substance is a rosmarinic acids as a kind of phenolic compound. The rosmarinic acid has more antioxidative effect than those of BHT and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ in the Rancimat test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1973

In the present work, the quality stability of sun-dried Alaska pollack, Theragra chalcogramma, was discussed in the aspects of non-enzymatic discoloration as a function of relative humidity during storage at room temperature$(20^{\circ}C)$. Frozen Alaska pollack was dressed, filleted, dried for 48 hours in the open air, and finally stored in cylindrical acrylic chambers which contained saturated specific salt solutions proposed by Rockland(1960) for humidity control. The color development of the product was analyzed by spectrophotometry at 10 day-intervals during the storage. Lipid oxidation was measured as TBA value at wavelength of 538nm. And browning pigments were extracted, divided into two fractions and measured at 460nm: one was chloroform-methanol (2:1 v/v)soluble fraction attributed to lipid oxidation, and the other was water dialyzed fraction caused by so called Maillard reaction. The TBA value showed a maximum on 30 day storage, hereafter, intended to decrease gradually. On the other hand, the rate of brown pigment development in water dialyzed fractions as well as in chloroform-methanol soluble fractions was lower at 34 to 45%RH than at any other case, and propagation of lipid oxidation was also diminished at the same levels of humidity. From the facts described previously, it is recognized that storage at 34 to 45%RH provides higher quality stability for sun-dried Alaska pollack.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2002

Paeonia japonica var. pilosa $N_{AKAI}$, (PJ; Baek-Jak-Yak) is a medicinal plant which has been widely used as a component or blood-building decoctions. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effects of PJ in mice, using in vitro and in vivo experiments. The immunomodulative effects were studied in vitro by determining the proliferation or mice splenocytes and the production of three kinds of cytokines (IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) by mire peritoneal macrophages which were cultured with sequential fractions of PJ methanol extract (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water). In an in vivo experiment using mice, different concentrations of PJ water extract were orally administrated every other day for two weeks. The production of cytokines (IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) secreted by activated macrophages, and the proliferation of mice splenocytes, were used as indices for immunocompetence. In vitro supplementation using a hexane fraction of PJ in the range of 1 to 100 $\mu$ g/ml enhanced splenocyte proliferation by 1.8 to 12%, and by 10-15% using an aqueous fraction, compared to the control. IL-l$\beta$ production was significantly increased with the supplementation of butanol, hexane and water extracts of PJ Higher levels of IL-6 production were detected with supplementation of chloroform or water extracts. However, there were no significant differences in the production of TNF-$\alpha$ among the treated groups and the control. From the in vivo study, the highest proliferation of splenocytes was seen in the mice orally administrated with the PJ water extract at the concentration of 500 mg/kg body weight. In the case of cytosine production, IL-1-$\beta$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ released by activated peritoneal macrophages were augmented by the oral administration of a PJ water extract. These results indicate that Pl may enhance the immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production capacity in mice.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.395-398
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• 1998

To develop the natural antibacterial agents which don't have any toxicity against man, collected several species of medicinal plants were tested for their antibacterial activity and inhibition effect on organic acids production from Streptococcus mutans. Among the tested medicinal plants, methanol extracts and n-hexane fraction of Juniperus rigida S. et Z. had the comparatively strong activities. For example, strong antibacterial effect against S. mutans were showed in methanol extracts, n-hexane and chloroform fractions. Organic acids production were reduced to 89.3 and 90.8% of control in methanol extracts and n-hexane fraction treated concentration of 1 mg/ml, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.370-374
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• 1991

The inhibitory effects of garlic on the mutagenicity in Salmonella assay system and on the growth of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells were studied. Methanol extract of garlic inhibited the mutagenicities induced by aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The inhibition rate increased significantly when the concentration of the methanol extract from garlic increased in both strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The chloroform fraction from the methanol extract exhibited strong antimutagenicity against $AFB_1$. The chloroform fraction also inhibited greatly the growth of human HT-29 colon carcinoma cells in fetal bovine serum concentrations of 1% and 5%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

We examined the inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO) of Taraxacum mongolicum in vitro and in vivo methods. Methanol extract of T. mongolicum showed significantly inhibitory activities on MAO-A and MAOB that were prepared from rat brain and liver in vitro. MAO-A and MAO-B activities were potently inhibited by chloroform fraction of T. mongolicum in vitro tests. The $IC_{50}$ values of each fraction on MAO-A are as followed; methanol extracts (0.90 mg/ml), $CHCl_3$ fraction (0.10 mg/ml), EtOAc fraction (0.36 mg/ml). and those on MAO-B are methanol extracts $(0.39{\mu}g/ml)$, $CHCl_3$ fraction $(0.18{\mu}g/ml)$, BuOH fraction $(0.22{\mu}g/ml)$. Those MAO-A and MAO-B activities in vivo tests have different tendency each other. MAO-A activity was increased by the oral administration of ethanol extract of T mon golicum, while MAO-B activity was decreased. The concentration of serotonin of brain tissue after oral administration of ethanolic extract of T. mongolicum is slightly increased in rat. This tendency is not different from the activity of deprenyl which is the well known MAO inhibitor used as a positive control. Based on these results, we can suggest that T. mongolicum may have the effects on the inhibitory activities against MAO. Thess activities of T. mongolicum is considerable for development of functional materials for the purpose of treatment and control of depressant, dementia, Parkinson' disease, stress and promoting exercise.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 1998

Antimutagenic activity of Saururus chinesis (Lour.) Bail was investigated for food-borne mutagens using S. typhimurium TA98. Methanol extract from Saururus Chinesis (Lour.) Bail was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol fractions, followed by determination of antimutagenic activity for food-borne mutagenic heterogenic amines (HCA). The hexane fraction exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyroid[4,3-b]indole acetate (Trp-2-A); however its fraction rather enhanced the bacterial mutagenicity of 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinozaline (4,8-diMeIQx) and 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxline (7,8-diMeIQx). Active principle in the fraction was found to be two major compounds (${\gamma}$-crene B and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrane) and 6 minor compounds (${\delta}$-caryophyllene, ${\gamma}$-elemene, ${\beta}$-cabebene, ${\delta}$-cadinene, ${\delta}$-selinene, and patchoulene). Modulation effect for the mutagenic activity of the food-borne mutagenic HCA by the fraction might be derived from a cumulative effect of each individual compounds. Hence, this hexane fraction might be use to reduce the production of mutagenic HCA during cooking process of protein-rich foods.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.644-651
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of fractions of methanol(MeOH) extracts of Lycopus lucidic Turcz on hyperglycemia and energy metabolites in streptozotocin(STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220 g by an injection of STZ dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight, and the rats were divided into 7 groups, that is, one normal group and 6 diabetic groups: STZ-control, hexane, chloroform(CHCl$\sub$3/). ethylacetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH) and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups. All groups were fed an AIN-93 diet and the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz were administered orally with 2 % Tween 80 for 14 days after the STZ injection. Body weight, diet intake and organ weights were monitored. The plasma levels of blood glucose, insulin and protein were determined. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acid were assayed. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were also measured. Body weight losses were observed by feeding the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz in STZ experimental groups, and the kidney weight was increased. The extent of blood glucose decrement was significantly greater in the hexane and BuOH fraction-fed groups than STZ-control group. The plasma protein level was significantly lower in the H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed group. The plasma cholesterol level was decreased in BuOH and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups compared with the STZ-control group. The levels of free fatty acids in the CHC1$\sub$3/ and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups were significantly decreased(p<0.05). ALT activitiy of BuOH fraction-fed group was lower than control but it was not significantly different. These results suggest that the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz are capable of lowering blood glucose and fat metabolites concentrations when administered to STZ-treated rats, and AST/ALT activity and insulin levels show the possibility of therapeutic use to diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1132-1136
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• 2010

After Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa) was extracted by 70% ethanol and partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water in order, ethyl acetate fraction with excellent antioxidant activities was acquired. Ethyl acetate fraction was conducted by TLC, and the third spot of 10 spots was selected due to its best antioxidant activities. When the third fraction further isolated on silica gel chromatography, the fourth fraction of 10 fractions had the best antioxidant activities and purified by HPLC. The molecular weight on EI-MS, and $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrum showed that the purified compound was taxifolin. In addition, antioxidant activities were analyzed, and the purified compound from Cheonnyuncho was found to be effective as much as $\alpha$-tocopherol, BHA. According to the analysis on antibacterial activities, the purified compound also showed more activity than benzoic acid against all pathogenic bacteria.