• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.383-393
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• 2020

The corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C-276 was investigated to identify its applicability for carbon-anode-based oxide reduction (OR), in which Cl₂ and O₂ are simultaneously evolved at the anode. Under a 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow, the corrosion rate was less than 1 g·m^-2·h^-1 up to 500℃, whereas the rate increased exponentially from 500 to 700℃. The effects of the Cl₂-O₂ composition on the corrosion rate at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂, 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂, and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ with a constant 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow rate at 600℃ was analyzed. Based on the data from an 8 h reaction, the fastest corrosion rate was observed for the 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ case, followed by 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂. The effects of the chlorine flow rate on the corrosion rate were negligible within the 5-30 mL·min^-1 range. A surface morphology analysis revealed the formation of vertical scratches in specimens that reacted under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas condition.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.7-17
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• 1998

본 연구는 화학장치설비중 가압 염소포화액체 저장탱크의 2상흐름 연속누출에 대한 유해위험거리(또는 독성완충거리)를 정량적으로 예측하기 위한 결과영향 모델링 방법론을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 누출원 모델링은 미환경청의 가이드라인에 근거한 정교한 해석방법과 SuperChems 모델의 자체계산에 의하여 각각 수행되었다. 유해위험성 평가에서 법적 독성규제농도로서 사용되는 STEL, IDLH 및 ERPGs (ERPG-2와 ERPG-3) 농도들에 대하여 유해위험거리를 예측하였다. 비상대응계획 수립시 유해위험성 평가의 가이드라인으로 활용하기 위하여 특히 ERPG-2 농도에 대하여 누출원특성 및 기상변화들의 유해위험거리에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2010

고순도 백금족 금속은 첨단 산업의 기초 소재로 향후 국내 산업의 지속적인 발전에 꼭 필요하다. 국내에는 백금족 금속을 함유한 광물이 전무하므로 백금족 금속을 함유한 여러 폐자원으로부터 백금족 금속을 고순도로 분리 정제할 수 있는 기술의 개발이 시급하다. 백금족 금속의 화학적 성질과 침출거동에 대한 자료를 문헌에서 조사하였다. 또한 향후 백금족 금속과 같은 난용금속의 침출에 이용이 증가할 것으로 예상되는 염소가스를 취입한 염산용액의 열역학적 해석 방법을 소개하였다, 백금족 금속간의 화학적 성질과 침출거동의 미세한 차이정올 이용하면 백금족 금속을 고순도로 회수할 수 있는 기술 개발이 가능하다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.745-753
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate design factors of the electrolysis reactor through the CFD(computational fluid dynamics) simulation technique. Analyses of velocity vector, streamline, chloride ion concentration distribution showed differences in flow characteristics between the plate type electrode and the porous plate type electrode. In case of the porous plate type electrode, chlorine gas bubbles generated from the anode made upward density flow with relatively constant velocity vectors. Electrolysis effect was more expected with the porous plate type electrode from the distribution of chloride ion concentration. The upper part of the electrolysis reactor with the porous plate type electrode had comparatively low chloride concentration because chloride was converted to the chlorine gas formation. Decreasing the size and increasing total area of rectifying holes in the upper part of cathodes, and widening the area of the rectifying holes in the lower part of cathodes could improve the circulation flow and the efficiency of electrolysis reactor.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

This case covers the issues related to the operation problem, cause analysis and improvement cases of the FGD that employed the non-leakage type GGH in coal-fired power plant for the first time in Korea. In the Cooler, there was a main problem that the tube is damaged by the ash cutting due to the high velocity of flue gas in the duct and by the weak wear resistance of material. In the Reheater, there was a main problem that the tube was corroded due to chlorine and sulfur in the circumstance of the low temperature. In order to solve those problems, we have improved the Reheater tube and tube fins by coating enamel to reduce corrosion rate.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.45-45
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• 2017

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, is one of the most important pests of stored food in the food processing industry worldwide. To control the Indian meal moth, methyl bromide, phosphine, high carbon dioxide, sulfuryl fluoride and plant essential oil fumigation have been considered. However, these treatments have disadvantages. For example, depleting the ozone layer, showing resistance in insect, low control efficacy or need high cost for treatment. Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) is strong disinfectant and insecticide. The gas caused a malfunction in enzymes. The oxidative stress induced by $ClO_2$ gas treatment damaged to a physiological system and all life stages of P. interpunctella. The gaseous $ClO_2$ is a convincing alternative to methyl bromide for controlling P. interpunctella. The gaseous $ClO_2$ was generated by a chlorine dioxide generator (PurgoFarm Co., Ltd., Hwasung, Korea). It generated highly pure $ClO_2$ gas and the gas blown out through a vent into a test chamber. Gas entry to the chamber was automatically controlled and monitored by a PortaSene II gas leak detector (Analytical Technology, Collegeville, PA, USA). The properly prepared eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of P. interpunctella were used in this experiment. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Percentage data were statistically analyzed after arcsine-root transformation. Analysis of variance was performed using general linear model, and means were separated by the least significant difference test at P < 0.05. Fumigation is an effective management technique for controlling all stages of P. interpunctella. We found that $ClO_2$ gas treatment directly effects on egg, larvae, pupae and adults of P. interpunctella. The gas treatment with proper concentration for over a day achieved 100 % mortality in all stages of P. interpunctella and short time treatment or low concentration gas treatment results showed that the egg hatchability, pupation rate, and adult emergency rate were lowered compare with untreated control. Also, abnormal pupae or adult rate were increased. Gaseous $ClO_2$ treatment induced insecticidal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it resulted in fatal oxidative stress in P. interpunctella. Taken together, these results showed that exposure proper concentration and time of the gas control all stages of P. interpunctella by inducing fatal oxidative stress. Further studies will be required to apply the gas treatment under real-world condition and to understanding physiological reaction in P. interpunctella caused by oxidative stress.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

Likelihood analysis was used for the revision of release probability/frequency in chlorine Injection facilities used in chlorine process. Typically these facilities consist of pressure cylinder, vaporizer, pipeline, measuring equipment and safety equipment. This paper described the incident scenarios considered, likelihood analysis procedure and the selection and application of basic events and for failure rates of mechanical components. Human errors were also considered. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the likelihood of each determined incident scenarios. We estimated failure rates of mechanical components based on likelihood analysis procedure. Human errors were also considered. It was estimated to have $5.73{\times}10^{-5}\;Cl_2$ leak per year during the major $Cl_2$ handling process. The probability of failure in scrubber system was $4.11{\times}10^{-2}/demand$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.492-499
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• 2017

Combined treatment with gaseous and aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) was performed to improve the microbiological safety and quality of paprika. A single treatment of 50 ppmv $ClO_2$ gas for 30 min decreased the populations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium by 2.33 and 2.91 log CFU/g, respectively. In addition, a single treatment of aqueous $ClO_2$ (50 ppm) for 5 min decreased these populations by 1.86 and 1.37, respectively. The most dramatic effects were achieved by combined treatment of 50 ppm aqueous and gaseous $ClO_2$ for 30 min, which decreased populations of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium by 4.11 and 3.61 log CFU/g, respectively. With regard to the qualities of paprika, no adverse effects were elicited by the combined treatment. Thus, combined treatment with aqueous and gaseous $ClO_2$ is a suitable approach that can be used to improve the microbial safety and quality of paprika.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2019

본 연구는 왕고들빼기 어린잎의 염소수 및 플라즈마 처리가 저장 중 품질 및 미생물 제어에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 초장이 10cm 수준에서 수확한 왕고들빼기 어린잎을 100ppm의 염소수와 플라즈마 가스로 1, 3, 6시간동안 살균 처리한 후 산소투과도가 $1,300cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}atm^{-1}$인 OTR(oxygen transmission rate) 필름을 사용하여 포장하였고, $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$의 저장 온도와 상대 습도 $85{\pm}5%$의 조건에서 25일간 저장하였다. 저장 중 생체중 감소율은 모든 처리구가 1.0% 미만을 보였고, 저장 종료일 모든 처리구의 포장 내 산소 농도는 16-17%을 보였고, 포장 내 이산화탄소 농도는 6-8%의 수준을 보였다. 포장 내 에틸렌 농도는 저장 기간 중 $1-3{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 수준으로 증감을 반복하였는데, 저장 10일째부터 저장 종료일까지 플라즈마 6시간 처리구가 가장 높은 농도를 보였다. 모든 처리구의 이취는 거의 느껴지지 않는 수준이었고, 염소수 및 플라즈마 가스 1시간 처리가 저장 종료일까지 상품성을 유지하였다. 저장 종료일에 조사한 엽록소 함량과 Hue angle 값은 염소수와 플라즈마 1시간 처리가 저장 전과 유사한 수준으로 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 살균 처리 직후 모든 살균 처리구에서 대장균은 검출되지 않았고, 총 세균 및 총 곰팡이 수는 플라즈마 6시간 처리구를 제외한 모든 살균 처리구에서 국내 미생물 허용 기준을 충족하였다. 저장 종료일 조사한 총 미생물수는 저장 전에 비해 증가하였으나 대장균은 모든 살균 처리구에서 검출되지 않았다. 세균과 곰팡이에 대한 살균효과는 염소수 처리가 가장 우수하였고, 플라즈마 처리구는 살균효과는 나타났으나 처리 시간이 길어짐에 따라 그 효과는 미비하였다. 위의 결과를 종합해보면, 왕고들빼기 어린잎은 염소수 처리 및 단시간 플라즈마 처리 시 황화 및 부패 억제를 통한 상품성 유지 및 미생물 제어에 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2016

To improve the shelf-life of mushrooms, Lentinula edodes GNA01 mushrooms were treated with gel packs containing slow-released chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas at 5~10 ppm for 5 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and the weight loss rate as well as the changes in pH, color and texture properties of the treated samples were investigated. The weight of the control and $ClO_2$ gas treated samples were decreased slightly, and there were no differences during the storage period. However, the weight of the control changed faster than those of the $ClO_2$ gas treated samples during storage period. The pH in the control and in the $ClO_2$ gas treated samples were decreased during storage period, but the samples treated with 5 and 7 ppm $ClO_2$ gas were the least changed. On the other hand, the samples treated with 10 ppm $ClO_2$ gas showed no difference from the other treatments during 4 days, but the pH was lower than that of the control on the fifth day. The lightness of inside and outside in mushroom were decreased whereas redness and yellowness were increased during storage period. However, color changes in the $ClO_2$ gas treated samples were lower than those of the control. Especially, the samples treated with 5 and 7 ppm $ClO_2$ gas were the least changed. The texture of the mushroom were decreased consistently during storage period. The texture of the control changed faster than those of the $ClO_2$ gas treatments during 5 days. Especially, the samples treated 5 ppm $ClO_2$ gas were the least changed.