• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86.2-86.2
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• 1985

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135.2-135.2
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• 1989

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.164.2-164.2
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• 1990

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.665-683
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• 2002

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has additional amylase activity besides mutanolytic activity and has been suggested as promising anti-plaque agent. It has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. In human experimental gingivitis　model and 6 month clinical trial, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces　starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effect was negligible. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts at the 4th to 6th passages were used. Glucanhydrolase solution was made from lyophilized glucanhydrolase powder from a mutant of Lipomyces stakeyi KSM 22 solved in PBS and added to DMEM medium to the final concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2 unit. Cells were exposed to glucanhydrolase solution or 0.1 % chlorhexidine and the cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics as control. After exposure, the morphological change, cell attachment, and cell activity by MTT assay were evaluated in 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 24 hours after treatment. The cell proliferation and cell activity was also evaluated at 2 and 7 days after 1 minute exposure, twice a day. The cell morphology was similar between the Lipomyces smkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase groups and control group during the incubation periods, while most fibroblasts remained as round cell regardless of incubation time in the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the attached cells in the glucanhydrolase groups were comparable to that of control and significantly higher than the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the proliferated cells in the glucanhydrolase groups at 7 days of incubation were comparable to the control group and higher than the chlorhexidine group. The cell activity in glucanhydrolase groups paralleled with the increased cell number by attachment and proliferation. According to these results, Lipomyces starkeyj KSM 22 glucanhydrolase has little harmful effect on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, in contrast to 0.1% chlorhexidine which was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is considered as a safe and promising agent for new mouthwash formula in the near future.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.486-491
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• 2010

Objectives: This study examined the effect of 2% chlorhexidine on the ${\mu}TBS$ of a direct composite restoration using one-step self-etch adhesives on human dentin. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four extracted permanent molars were used. The teeth were assigned randomly to six groups (n = 10), according to the adhesive system and application of chlorhexidine. With or without the application of chlorhexidine, each adhesive system was applied to the dentin surface. After the bonding procedure, light-cure composite resin buildups were produced. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours, and then cut and glued to the jig of the microtensile testing machine. A tensile load was applied until the specimen failed. The failure mode was examined using an operating microscope. The data was analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, Student's t-test (p < 0.05) and Scheffet's test. Results: Regardless of the application of chlorhexidine, the Clearfil $S^3$ Bond showed the highest ${\mu}TBS$, followed by G-Bond and Xeno V. Adhesive failure was the main failure mode of the dentin bonding agents tested with some samples showing cohesive failure. Conclusions: The application of 2% chlorhexidine did not affect the ${\mu}TBS$ of the resin composite to the dentin using a one-step self-etch adhesive.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.145-158
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• 1993

The oral microbiota such as P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and A. actinomycetemcomitans play a primary role in the initiation and progression of the periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects and inhibitory effects of honokiol and magnolol on the bacterial collagenase activity, cytotoxicity and cytokine production of periodontopathic microorganisms. The antimicrobial activities of honokiol and magnolol was evaluted with minimum inhibition concentration. Honokiol was more active than magnolol, but less than chlorhexidine on antimicrobial activity. The inhibitory effects of magnolol and honokiol on the collagenolytic activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using a Collagenokit CLN-100 and rapid colorimetric assay (MTT method) for cellular growth and survival of gingival fibroblast and periodontalligament cell and $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation for the gingival epithelial cell. The inhibitory effects on the collagenolytic activity was the highest in chlorhexidine, and the lowest in magnolol. Magnolol had the lowest cytotoxic effect and chlorhexidine had the highest. The inhibitory effects on cytokine production was evaluated using $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ELISA kit (Cistron Biotech.), IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ ELISA kit (Genzyme) and inhibitory effects were higher than bacterial LPS and there is no difference among the honokiol, magnolol and chlorhexidine. From these results, the antimicrobial and antienzymatic activities of honokiol and magnolol were seemed to inhibit bacterial growth and enzyme activities with lesser cytotoxic activities. Therefore, it was suggested that honokiol and magnolol are very effective antimicrobial agents on periodontal pathogens.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare in antiseptic effect between povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol for laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the port site. A total of 46 patients admitted to surgery at one university hospital in Seoul were included in the study. A study group was randomly assigned using a random number table. The antiseptic effect was evaluated and compared to povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol by using a culture and identification of bacteria, measurement of the number of bacteria (CFU/ml) and incidence of surgical site infection. Our results show that povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol have no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of bacteria after 3 minutes of disinfection and before removal of the trocar and in the number of bacteria and the incidence of surgical site infection. Thus, in order to select an efficient and appropriate skin antiseptics, we suggest that it is necessary to consider not only the disinfectant effect but also cost and convenience. In this research, our results about effect and usage of skin antiseptics can be used as basic data and educational resource, and this is expected to improve comprehension of skin antiseptics.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of oral care using 0.1% chlorhexidine and tantum solution on oral status and incidence of oral pathogens among intubated ICU patients. Methods: The study subjects were 26 intubated patients of MICU in a university hospital. Oral care was provided with 0.1% chlorhexidine solution to the experimental group (n=12) and with tantum solution to the control group (n=14), 3 times a day for 6 days. After the intervention, the oral status of each subject was checked using structured method, and oral swab culture was done to count colonized bacterial pathogens. Results: The mean oral status score of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (U=42.50, p=.031). The mean incidence of oral pathogens in experimental group was smaller than that of control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The oral care with 0.1% chlorhexidine solution is more effective than with tantum solution for improving oral status of intubated ICU patients. However, additional studies with larger sample size will be needed to figure out it's effects on the incidence of oral pathogens.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was done to investigate the effects of oral care using 0.12% chlorhexidine and saline solution on oral status, incidence of oral pathogens and pneumonia among children who had cardiac surgery. Methods: The study participants were 84 children who underwent cardiac surgery and were admitted to the SICU of a university hospital. Oral care was provided with 0.12% chlorhexidine to the experimental group (n=43) and with saline solution to the control group (n=41), 3 times a day for 3 days. Before and after the intervention, the oral status, oral swab culture, and CPIS were checked. Results: There was no significant difference in oral status score between the two groups. The incidence of oral pathogens in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=-5.780, p<.001). The CPIS in experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (t=-3.665, p<.001). Conclusion: The oral care with 0.12% Chlorhexidine is more effective than with only saline solution for reducing incidence of oral pathogens and pneumonia.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of erythrosine sensitized with a conventional halogen curing unit and sub-minimal bactericidal concentration(sub-MBC) of chorhexidine on bacterial viability of Streptococcus mutans in planktonic state. Sub-minimal bactericidal concentration of chlorhexidine was added into wells containing bacteria and erythrosine. The range of concentrations tested for chorhexidine was from 0.0000001% to 0.001%. The irradiation of the bacterial suspensions was performed for 15 sec with a conventional halogen curing unit light. In another set of experiment, the effects of 0.001% chlorhexidine were observed by adding chlorhexidine into wells containing the sub-minimal bactericidal concentration of erythrosine. At the concetration of 0.001% chlorhexidine, there were no antibacterial effects in the absence of erythrosine PDT(p < 0.05). At the concentraton of $1{\mu}M$ erythrosine, there was no photodynamic therapy effect in the absence of chlorhexidine(p < 0.05). But in the presence of sub-minimal bactericidal concentration of erythrosine with light exposure, the addition of 0.001% chlorhexidine increased the bactericidal rate(p < 0.05). A combination of erythrosine PDT with sub-MBC chlorhexidine resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial counts when compared to the case with the absence of chlorhexidine.