• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.742-746
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• 1999

The microalgal, Chlorella sp. HA-1, had good $CO_2$ fixation efficiency compared to other algal strains at the same operating condition. In this study, Chorella sp. HA-1 showed similar tolerance both 10% and 20% $CO_2$ concentration. By optimization of the major operation variables such as pH, initial cell concentration, light intensity, the $CO_2$ fixation rate could be raised to a reasonably high value, 372 $gCO_2/m^2{\cdot}day$ in a 3 L internally illuminated photobioreactor. In order to maintain the $CO_2$ fixation rate for a long time, the method of semi-continuous operation was employed, in which dilution ratio was the controlling parameter. Starting with the dilution ratio of 0.5 with the increased increment of 0.1, the constant $CO_2$ fixation rate was obtained.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.501-502
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• 2001

Characteristics of $CO_2$ fixation by Chlorella sp. HA -1 were studied in a high cell culture using semi-continuous mode. As a result, it may be possible to obtain not only high cell concentration but also effective $CO_2$ removal at a moderate dilution ratio, which is' the most significant factor to control the microalgal growth in the semi-continuous mode.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.82-87
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• 1995

Carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae has several advantages such as no requirements for the pretreatment over phycal and/or chemical $CO_2$ fixation processes. Chlorella sp. HA-1, fresh algae. and Chlorococcum littorale. marine algae, were used to do $CO_2$ fixation work. The experimental parameters were light intensity and $CO_2$ concentration. Chlorella sp. HA-1 has the maximum growth rate at 8 Klux and 10% $CO_2$ concentration. Chlorococcum littorale showed the maximum growth at similar conditions. The results indicated the feasibility of the Chlorella HA-1 and Chlorococcum littorale for mass cultivation using flue gas.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.503-504
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• 2001

Characteristics of $CO_2$ fixation by Chlorella sp. HA -1 against NO and $SO_2$ were investigated. Culture pH in nitric oxide gas remained stable indicating that nitric oxide was not likely to be a problem for growth, while $SO_2$ could inhibit the cell growth because of pH drop. Chiarella sp. HA -1 containing 10% $CO_2$ from stack gas can be tolerant to 100 ppm nitric oxide and 100 ppm sulfuric oxide through pH control.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2003

Feasibility of large-scale photobioreactors for biological CO$_2$ fixation was investigated using Chlorella sp. HA-1. Generally, as the volume of photobioreactor increased, the CO$_2$ fixation rate decreased because of a lower illumination efficiency in large-scale than in small-scale photobioreactors. Though controlling the arrangement and the number of light source, the maximum CO$_2$ fixation rates that could be achieved were 530 and 357 gCO$_2$/㎡day for 40 L and 188 L photobioreactor, respectively, which was higher than the CO$_2$ fixation rate of lab-scale photobioreactor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.338-343
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• 2000

The growth capabilities of three $highly-CO_2-tolerant$ microalgae under high concentrations of $CO_2$ were compared for their tolerance to $SO_2$ and NO, the major inhibitory compounds present in flue gases. Although all strains showed good growth with 15% $CO_2$, Chlorella KR-1 exhibited the most desirable properties for $CO_2$ fixation among the strains compared. While Chlorella sp. HA-1 exhibited the best tolerance to NO among the other strains tested, Chlorella sp. KR-1 showed higher tolerance to $SO_2$ than the other two strains tested.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.455-456
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• 2000

Characteristics of $CO_2$ fixation by Chlorella sp. HA-1 were studied in a semi-continuous mode in a series operation. A high $CO_2$ fixation rate for a long time was obtained, when the method of semi-continuous mode was employed, in which the controlling parameter was the dilution ratio. A constant $CO_2$ fixation rate was maintained even when the dilution ratio was increased with the increment of 0.1 at the initial value of 0.5. The method of series operation was used to improve the efficiency of $CO_2$ fixation. The total amount of $CO_2$ fixation was proportion to the number of reactor in series operation.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.497-500
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• 2001

Adsorption characteristics on the biomass of Chlorella sp. HA -1 were investigated in binary system with $Pb^2$, $Cu^2$, $Cd^2$, and $Zn^2$ ions. For the adsorption tests of single metal, Langmuir model was showed good correlation for equilibrium data compared to Freundlich model. Maximum metal uptakes increased as follows: $Pb^2$>$Cd^2$>$Zn^2$>$Cu^2$, whereas the affinity showed different trends: $Cu^2$>>$Cd^2$>$Zn^2$>$Pb^2$. In binary metal system, $Cu^2$ ions inhibited sharply the adsorption of other metal ions except $Pb^2$ ions because of the high biosorption affinity of $Cu^2$ ions. In the case of $Cu^2$ and $Pb^2$ system, there was no significant inhibition on metal uptakes. The results of metal adsorption in the binary system could be explained well on the basis of Langmuir parameters evaluated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.461-465
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• 2005

Characteristics of biological $CO_2$ fixation by Chlorella sp. HA-1 were investigated in a semi-continuous and series reactor system using an internally illuminated photobioreactor to overcome shortcomings of physicochemical technologies such as adsorption and membrane separation. High $CO_2$ fixation rate was achieved in the semi-continuous reactor system, in which the dilution ratios of the culture medium were controlled. The average $CO_2$ fixation rate was maintained almost constantly when the dilution ratio increased by 0.1 increment from the initial value of 0.5. The total removal efficiency of $CO_2$ was enhanced by employing a series reactor system. The average $CO_2$ fixation rate increased until 4.013 g $CO_2\;day^{-1}$ in a series operation of four reactors, compared to 0.986 g $CO_2\;day^{-1}$ in a batch operation mode. The total $CO_2$ fixation rate was proportional to the number of reactors used in the series reactor system. In the series reactor system of semi-continuous operation, a large amount of $CO_2$ was removed continuously for 30 days. These results showed that the present reactor systems are efficient and economically feasible for a biological $CO_2$ fixation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2017

The antibacterial activity of ethanol (99.9%) extracts from marine micro-algae, namely, Mixed A (Pavlova sp., Thalassiosira weissflogii, Tetraselmis suecica and Isochrysis galbana were mixed with 1:1:1:1 ratio), Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Chaetoceros calcitrans were estimated against food-borne bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The extracts from these marine micro-algae showed potent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria by the paper disk method. The extracts from C. vulgaris showed the strongest antibacterial activity against E. coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.62 mg/mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 2.50 mg/mL. The extract from C. vulgaris contained 2 active compounds, 38.8% linoelaidic acid and 30.0% phytol. These results indicated that the ethanol extract from C. vulgaris may be a putative natural antibacterial agent against food-borne bacteria.