• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

The Chinese economic growth rate has been much higher than many countries of the world for many years now. Nowadays, China is experiencing significant economic transformation and structural adjustment. Its speed of development is slowing, and housing and commodity prices are slowly rising. Consequently, a series of economic and social problems have come into being. Under these circumstances, how satisfied are Chinese people on the seven aspects of daily living such as Housing Situation, Household Income, Health, Family Life, Food, Human Relations and Job? The Media and Public Opinion Research Center of Fudan University (FMORC) conducted a phone survey of 606 people living in Beijing, the capital and political and cultural center of China, and Shanghai, the Chinese economic center. The survey results show that the overall satisfaction of Chinese people with their daily life is high. The levels of Family Life and Human Relations are on the top, those of Food, Health and Jobs are listed from the third to the fifth, and satisfaction levels of their Housing Situation and Household Income are on the bottom. The satisfaction levels of males with their Family Life and Health are higher than those of females. Age has a significantly negative correlation with satisfaction with personal health. Monthly income has positive relationships with four aspects of daily life - house income, job, house situation, and family life. Owning a house in cities is another important factor that influences satisfaction with the house situation, house income, food, and family life. Shanghai residents also show higher satisfaction with their health than Beijing residents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3239-3245
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• 2014

Background: College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and Methods: A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination ($p_{trend}$ <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Conclusions: Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3473-3477
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• 2013

Background: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and is still associated with high mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma are the two most common PLCs, and their incidence varies across regions. Currently there are no published data available on the incidence of PLC in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and Methods: All proven PLCs between 2000 and 2009 were identified from the National Cancer Registry and reviewed. Metastatic diseases were excluded. A total of 123 cases (male 65.8%, female 34.2%) were identified and their data collected for calculation of the age standardised rate (ASR). Results: The most common type of PLC was HCC (87.8%) followed by cholangiocarcinoma (10.6%). There were two cases of hepatoblastoma. The mean age at diagnosis was 63.2 years. The overall ASR of PLC was 8.2/100,000, increasing from 4.5/100,000 population in 2000 to 11.4/100,000 population in 2009. The rates were higher among males (12.0/100,000) than females (4.7/100,000). Among the ethnic groups, Chinese had the highest rates (overall 13.1/100,000 with none recorded in 2000 to 30.3/100,000 in 2009) compared to the Malays (overall 8.5/100,000 increasing from 4.5/100,000 in 2000 to 12.3/100,000 in 2009) and the indigenous groups. The incidence increased after the age of 50 and was highest among the 75-79 age groups. Increase was seen for HCC but not for cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions: The most common type of PLC is HCC and the annual incidence of PLC is increasing in Brunei Darussalam,rates being higher in males and Chinese.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2012

This study investigated the preference and intake frequency of a list of 15 commonly available high sodium Malaysian foods/dishes, dis cretionary salt use, and their possible association with demographics, blood pressures and anthropometric measurements among 300 Malaysian university students (114 males, 186 females; 259 ethnic Chinese, 41 Indians; 220 lean, 80 overweight). French fries and instant soup noodle were found to be the most preferred and most frequently consumed salty food, respectively, while salted fish was least preferred and least frequently consumed. Males had a significantly higher intake frequency of at least 6 of the salty foods, but the preference of most salty foods was not significantly different between genders. Ethnic Chinese significantly preferred more and took more frequently traditional and conventional Malaysian foods like asam laksa (a Malaysian salty-sour-spicy noodle in fish stock), salted biscuits and salted vegetable, while Indians have more affinity and frequency towards eating salty Western foods. Body Mass Index was significantly negatively correlated with the intake frequency of canned/packet soup and salted fish while waist circumference was significantly positively correlated with the preference of instant noodle. Also, an increased preference of potato chips and intake frequency of salted biscuits seemed to lead to a decreased WHR. Other than these, all the other overweight/obesity indicators did not seem to fully correlate with the salty food preference and intake frequency. Nevertheless, the preference and intake frequency of asam laksa seemed to be significant negative predictors for blood pressures. Finally, increased preference and intake frequency of high sodium shrimp paste (belacan)-based foods like asam laksa and belacan fried rice seemed to discourage discretionary salt use. In conclusion, the preference and intake frequency of the high sodium belacan-based dish asam laksa seems to be a good predictor for ethnic difference, discretionary salt use and blood pressures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1975

The effect of dietary restriction was obserbed in Albino rats. Dietary restriction was at 2 levels: 10%, 20%, 30 males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged $30{\sim}40$ days were devided into following 6 groups, 5 rats each. 1 group; rice standard group 2 group; 10% restriction of rice standard 3 group; 20% restriction of rice standard 4 group; 65% rice+35% chinese cabbage group 5 group; 10% restriction of 65% rice+35% chinese cabbage 6 group; 20% restriction of 65% rice+35% chinese cabbage The rats were kept in individual cage and given 6 different diet for 7 weeks. The results of this study were elucidated as follow. 1. Final body weight was not obserbed any significant differences between non-restriction group and 10% restriction group, but 20% restriction group revealed the decrease of body weight. 2. According to dietary restriction, final organ weight was almost decreased in the restriction group of rice+chinese cabbage, and in rice standard group, there were no significants differences between none-restriction group and 10% restriction group, but organ weight was sharply decreased such as Liver, Heart, Kidney, Adrenal, Spleen in 20% restriction group. Sex organ weight of female was increased but weight of male was decreased in 20% restriction group of rice standard group. 3. The result of biochemical analysis such as nitrogen retention, serum cholesterol, glucose of urine, feces, and serum, and lipid of feces and liver, was not revealed any significant diffences, but in 20% restriction group, urinary glucose and serum glucose levels were somewhat decreased, and liver nitrogen level was increased. 4. Therefore there is no effect on albino rats by 10% restricted diet. It can be concluded that it is possible to restrict the diet within 10%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1975

This study was designed to compare the metabolic effects of varicous types of Korean diet. 40 males and same number of females of Albino rats, divided into eight groups, 5 rats each. 1 Group; Sugar casein standard Group 2 Group; Rice casein standard Group 3 Group; Rice group 4 Group; 65% Rice +35% Anchovy 5 Group; 65% Rice +35% Chinese cabbage 6 Group; 65% Rice+10% Anchovy +25% Chinese cabbage 7 Group; 65%. Rice+26% Chinese cabbage+3.5% Anchovy+4% Bean+1% Potatoes+0.2% Sea Weeds+0.3% Seasonings 8 Group; 47% Rice+24% Chinese cabbage+20.5% Anchovy+5% Bean+1% Potatoes+1.8% Sea Weeds+0.7% Seasonings The rats were kept in individual cage and given 8 different diet for 10 weeks. The result of this study were elucidated as fallow. Food intake of sugar casein standard group and rice casein standard group and Seoul diet pattern group were high, Rice diet group showed low food intake. F.E.R, P.E.R, body weight, organ weight were the similar results. The nitrogen content in various organs were no great difference, but nitrogen metabolism and total nitrogen retention were significant differences. The lipid content in the liver showed no significant differences, but fecal lipid and serum cholesterol showed significant differences. This study showed the glucose content in urine and feces were due to the dietary carbohydrate content. In other word, the results of this study showed no significant differences between sugar casein standard group and rice casein standard group, but significiant differences between standard group and experimental group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3287-3291
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• 2014

Background: The interesting preponderance of Chinese with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) amongst the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia prompted a study to determine DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status in our CRC and attempt correlation with patient age, gender and ethnicity as well as location, grade, histological type and stage of tumour. Histologically re-confirmed CRC, diagnosed between $1^{st} $January 2005 and $31^{st}$ December 2007 at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies to MMR proteins, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 on the Ventana Benchmark XT autostainer. Of the 142 CRC cases entered into the study, there were 82 males and 60 females (M:F=1.4:1). Ethnically, 81 (57.0%) were Chinese, 32 (22.5%) Malays and 29 (20.4%) Indians. The patient ages ranged between 15-87 years (mean=62.4 years) with 21 cases <50-years and 121 ${\geq}50$-years of age. 14 (9.9%) CRC showed deficient MMR (dMMR). Concurrent loss of MLH1 and PMS2 occurred in 10, MSH2 and MSH6 in 2 with isolated loss of MSH6 in 1 and PMS2 in 1. dMMR was noted less frequently amongst the Chinese (6.2%) in comparison with their combined Malay and Indian counterparts (14.8%), and was associated with right sided and poorly differentiated tumours (p<0.05). 3 of the 5 (60.0%) dMMR CRC cases amongst the Chinese and 1 of 9 cases (11.1%) amongst the combined Malay and Indian group were <50-years of age. No significant association of dMMR was noted with patient age and gender, tumour stage or mucinous type.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2004

Objective : The paper aims to provide predictive coefficients via BIA for the assessment of body composition in children and adolescents to serve clinical as well as research purposes. Methods : Body composition via dual-energy x­ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectric impedance as well as other anthropometric index were derived from meaurements on 1026 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 18 years from Beijing City. The best subset regression and principle component analysis were adopted to build the predictive coefficients with the logarithm of body composition via DXA as response variable. Results : Condition index ${\varphi}$ of fat-free mass multiple linear regression achieves 113.49 and 91.18 for males and females respectively, demonstrating severe multicollinearity among anthropometric indexes in children and adolescents. BIA predictive coefficients base on the best subset regression and principle component analysis boast a content predictive value for lean mass ($r^2$ = 0.9697 and 0.9664 for boys and girls respectively, p < 0.0001) and for Fat$\%$ ($r^2$ = 0.7705 and 0.6959 for boys and girls respectively, p < 0.0001). Conclusions : BIA method is applicable for the prediction of body composition for children and adolescents.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to survey the related factors of metabolic syndrome of Chinese workers aged 20 years and above. Methods: The study was conducted at three locations in Shandong, China, currently working and took the physical examination (PE) within one year in the area as target participants. Personal characteristics, physical and biochemical results based on the PE, lifestyle habits, and food intake of the participants were used to analyze the relationship with metabolic syndrome. Results: Results showed that overall, thirty-one subjects (22.5%) had metabolic syndrome, twenty males (32.7%) and eleven females (14.2%). Metabolic syndrome was related to age, gender, educational level and occupational type with more risk in male (P < 0.05), people of older age (P < 0.001), low educational level (P < 0.05) and non-office workers (P < 0.01). According to the life style scores, lifestyle evaluation showed specifically alcohol consumption and smoking (P < 0.001) and stress management (P < 0.05) as important factors that were associated with the metabolic syndrome. High calorie (P < 0.01) and carbohydrate (P < 0.01) intakes were observed on male participants with metabolic syndrome in comparison to the non-metabolic syndrome but no significant difference on female participants. Conclusions: This results of this study can be used as significant supporting data to prevent and control metabolic syndrome in Chinese workers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined cancer knowledge, beliefs, and practice among faith-based Chinese in the USA versus Taiwan to gain better understandings on how environment and culture might play a role for tailored cancer education programs. Methods: A self-administered survey included a validated 10-item Cancer Screening Belief Scale (CSBS), an 8-item Cancer Screening Knowledge Test (CSKT), and a 14-item cancer Warning Signs Test (CWST) was administered. Participants were recruited from 9 Chinese churches (5 in the USA and 4 in Taiwan). Results: A total of 372 Chinese participated, 50% lived in the USA and 50% in Taiwan. Mean age was 44.31 (standard deviation, 14.74), 60% males, and majority had college education (85%). Taiwan participants scored higher on both CSKT (6.13 vs. 5.52; p<0.001) and CWST (6.80 vs. 5.38; p<0.001). Although perceived screening benefits and barriers were similar, Taiwan participants endorsed higher on screening norms (11.67 vs. 10.82; p<0.001). Taiwan participants also indicated more doctor recommending cancer screenings (42.1% vs. 29.6%; p=0.015), USA participants were more likely to have had annual health exams (65.4% vs. 48.9%; p=0.002). Regression results showed that those resided in the USA were 2.38 times more likely to report annual health exams. Married status (odds ratio [OR], 2.85), college education (OR, 2.38), doctor's recommendation (OR, 2.87), no family cancer history (OR, 2.47), and those with lower barriers were significant factors on annual health exams. Conclusions: Taiwan participants scored higher on cancer knowledge and screening norms, while more USA participants reported annual health exams. Taiwan's universal healthcare might play a role on the different healthcare seeking patterns.