• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

The medicinal herb Oldenlandia diffusa is known as a folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, sore throat, appendicitis, malignant tumors and urethral infection in Southern China and Korea. Another species O. corymbosa, is also used for the therapy of the similar conditions, however, only O. diffusa is referred to the medicinal herb by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Due to their similar morphology, O. diffusa and O. corymbosa are often misidentified. To easily identify O. diffusa from O. corymbosa, the phylogenetic utility of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were investigated among different O. diffusa and O. corymbosa populations in Korea. The nrDNA ITS sequence of O. diffusa contained 791 bp, with GenBank accession number of JF837601-JF837602. The nrDNA ITS sequence of O. corymbosa was 785-786 bp, with GenBank accession number of JF837603-JF837611. The results showed that there are some certain divergences in the ITS region sequence between both species, even among different populations of the same species. Particularly, O. corymbosa ST-4 population showed the highest dissimilarity of the ITS region sequence with other nine populations of O. corymbosa and two populations of O. diffusa. This consequence makes us further understand the molecular diversification between O. corymbosa and O. diffusa, and help to promote the correct use and safety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1505-1510
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• 2012

To aim of this was to observe emodin-mediated cytotoxicity and its influence on Rad51 and ERCC1 expressionin non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC cells were cultured in vitro with emodin at various concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and $100\;{\mu}mol/L$) for 48h and the proliferation inhibition rate was determined by the MTT method. Then, NSCLC were treated with emodin (SK-MES-1 $40\;{\mu}mol/L$, A549 $70\;{\mu}mol/L$) or $20\;{\mu}mol/L$ U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) for 48 h, or with various concentrations of emodin for 48 h and the protein and mRNA expressions of ERCC1 and Rad51 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Emodin exerted a suppressive effect on the proliferation of NSCLC in a concentration dependent manner. Protein and mRNA expression of ERCC1 and Rad51 was also significantly decreased with the dose. Vacuolar degeneration was observed in A549 and SK-MES-1 cell lines after emodin treatment by transmission electron microscopy. Emodin may thus inhibited cell proliferation in NSCLC cells by downregulation ERCC1 and Rad51.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1851-1857
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• 2014

Objective: The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride (BH) on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CNE-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Our results shed light on the functional components of traditional Chinese herbs for potential use in modern medicine. Methods: The CNE-1 cell line was treated with different concentrations of BH and effects on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Anti-migratory and anti-invasive actions of BH were investigated using wound healing assays and the Millicell Hanging cell culture insert system, respectively. Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene twist (Twist) was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was estimated with an annexin-V fluorescein (FITC) apoptosis detection kit, as well as with reference to levels of activated caspase-3 of CNE-1 cells before and after treatment with BH utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: BH was capable of reducing proliferation and viability of CNE-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, also demonstrating anti-migratory and anti-invasive capacities which correlated with reduction in expression of Twist. Finally, BH was able to induce significant amounts of apoptosis in CNE-1 cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the activity of caspase-3 and in annexin-V staining following treatment. Conclusion: BH extracted from rhizoma coptidis demonstrated an ability to block proliferation, induce apoptosis, and impair the migration and invasion of the CNE-1 cell line Considering these properties, our results suggest that BH could be an important compound for consideration in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 1997

The degree of KAP study on Chinease traditional medicine and doctor was examined with some chinease living yenbian district(延邊) from July 1st to August 30th in 1996. The result of the study for predicting health and ill patterns runs as fellows. 1. It is understand to strength and variety about role of chinease traditional medicine doctors and the curable disease. 2. Although most patients go to chinease traditional medicine clinic for the purpose of medicine herbs in package, acupuncture and industry-made pharm, they think the medical fee a little high(70.6%). 3. The 66.7% of respondents recognize chinease traditional medicine doctors as a profession and others think them only abundant works ; therefore it is rather low to ink chinease traditional doctors a profession. 4. Most respondents think that chinease traditional medicine should improved in the inside ; such as scientific reinforcement of theory, lack of univerality, improvment and enlargement of insurance, unkindness, shortage of publicity, dropped equipment, system of medical specialist, lack of integration with westem medicine, exact diagnosis and confidence of remedy, and low efficacy, etc. 5. Chinease likes more experienced-traditional doctor than beginner(78.3%) 6. The policy of korean government against 100 herbal prescription right by western pharmacy has taken the negative recognition(74.6%), 7. The degree that acknowleges of chinease traditional medicine through thease basic contents is average 47.3 mark. To be brief, although the step of the recognition and attitude of oriental medicine is less or very affirmative aspect, actully considerable positive factors is in the last chosen step. In conclusion KAP study connected chinease traditional medicine and doctor has very much postive factors.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.107-118
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• 2011

Classified Emergency Materia Medica is a pharmacopoeia published by the government of the Song(宋) dynasty. After publishment, it had a decisive effect on East-Asian herbology of China, Korean & Japan. Sakae Miki(三木榮), Tameto Okanisi(岡西爲人) wrote papers on the subjects of type, publishing process, bibliographic terms of Classified Emergency Materia Medica published in the early and middle years of Joseon Dynasty. Moreover, Sakae Miki claimed that Classified Emergency Materia Medica from China had been a standard of herbology of Joseon Dynasty since its publishment, and herbology based on materia medica from countryside(鄕藥) also had occupied a part of herbology in Joseon Dynasty. Nevertheless the specific influences, from Classified Emergency Materia Medica to the medical books of Joseon Dynasty which established the herbology based on materia medica from countryside has never been handled so far. So I would like to investigate the influence of Classified Emergency Materia Medica to Joseon Dynasty, through a comparison with literature review. The main literatures for comparison are two representative medical books of Joseon Dynasty, Compendium of Prescriptions from the Countryside(1433) & Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine(1613), especially focusing on the pharmacognostic parts. The main comparing points on researching literatures will be the following: publication year of books; order of herbs; and quotations. This paper will show which edition of Classified Emergency Materia Medica was utilized to publish two medical books of Joseon Dynasty, and the process how Korean herbology based on materia medica from countryside was transformed after accepting Chinese herbology.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2011

Backgrounds: Danggui, one of the major herbs in Korean traditional medicine consists of three species: Angelica gigas of Korea, Angelica sinensis of China, and Angelica acutiloba of Japan. Despite its importance in Korean traditional medicine, recognition of the clinical differences between its three species is insufficient. Objectives: The purpose of the present review is to suggest evidence in using Angelica gigas, Angelica sinensis, and Angelica acutiloba distinctively in clinic, by comparing their pharmacological effects and bioactive compounds. Methods: We searched articles published from 2000 to 2009 in Pubmed, EMbase, and RISS. The search keywords were "Angelica gigas", "Angelica sinensis", "Angelica acutiloba", "dongquei", "toki", "Angelicae Radix", "Archangelica officinalis Hoffm.", "Garden Angelica", "Chinese angelica root", "tangkuei", and "danggui". 861 articles were searched. Among them, we selected 143 articles which met our inclusion criteria. Results: This review summarizes active constituents, experimental studies, clinical studies, pharmacokinetics, side effects and toxicity, drug interaction, and industrial use of Angelica gigas, Angelica sinensis, and Angelica acutiloba. Conclusions: While Angelica sinensis and Angelica acutiloba are relatively similar, Angelica gigas is quite different from the others in main active constituents and genetic form. The main experimental studies of Danggui are cardiovascular studies, central nervous system studies and anti-cancer activity. Even though there were cases in which the three species show similar pharmacological effects, the mechanism was not always shared. Therefore, distinguished use of Angelica gigas, Angelica sinensis and Angelica acutiloba is needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1723-1729
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• 2018

The aim of this work is to investigate the protective efficacy of emodin, an active, naturally-occurring anthraquinone derivative of several traditional Chinese herbs, against Brucella abortus infection in macrophages. Brucella were incubated with different concentrations of emodin and showed that bacterial survival rates were markedly reduced in a dose-dependent manner at increasing incubation time points. Through bacterial infection assay, the highest non-cytotoxic concentration of emodin demonstrated attenuated invasion of Brucella into macrophages, however it did not inhibit the growth of these pathogens within the host cells. On the other hand, emodin effectively decreased the number of bacteria that adhered to host cells, which indicated its potential as an anti-adhesin agent. Furthermore, using immunoblotting and FACS assay for detecting MAPK signaling proteins and F-actin polymerization, respectively, the results showed that the emodin-incubated cells displayed modest reduction in the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and inhibition of F-actin polymerization as compared to control cells. These findings indicate the potential use of emodin as a naturally-occurring alternative method for the prevention of animal brucellosis although this requires confirmation of safe clinical doses.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.458-463
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• 2007

The ethanolic extracts of 83 kinds of agricultural products, including cereals, vegetables, and Chinese herbs, were tested for their inhibitory activities on protein cross-linking using the $[^{14}C]$-N-formyl-lysine incorporation method. Most of the extracts inhibited, but some extracts accelerated, the cross-linking of protein. Of those items with relatively high activities, we selected 20 samples to test for activity against AGE fonnation using the fluorophotometric method. The ethanol extract of buckwheat that was genninated for 1 day (GB-01) was detennined to have the highest activity with both methods. The ethanol extract of GB-01 was further fractionated by organic solvents, including chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, in order of increasing polarity. The fraction that was extracted with ethyl acetate presented the highest protein glycation inhibitory activity (95.2% inhibition at the 100 ug/mL addition level). Polyphenol content analysis by HPLC showed that the amounts of rutin and quercetin were increased with the separation procedures. Finally, there was a significant relationship between activity and polyphenol content in the partially purified samples (p<0.05).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical syndrome of diffuse lung inflammation with high mortality rates and limited therapeutic methods. Diosmetin, an active component from Chinese herbs, has long been noticed because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diosmetin on LPS-induced ALI model and unveil the possible mechanisms. Our results revealed that pretreatment with diosmetin effectively alleviated lung histopathological changes, which were further evaluated by lung injury scores. Diosmetin also decreased lung wet/dry ratios, as well as total protein levels, inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine (eg. $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6) overproduction in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additionally, increased MPO, MDA and ROS levels induced by LPS were also markly suppressed by diosmetin. Furthermore, diosmetin significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 along with its target gene HO-1 and blocked the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the lung tissues, which might be central to the protective effects of diosmetin. Further supporting these results, in vitro experiments also showed that diosmetin activated Nrf2 and HO-1, as well as inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in both RAW264.7 and A549 cells. The present study highlights the protective effects of diosmetin on LPS-induced ALI via activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome, bringing up the hope of its application as a therapeutic drug towards LPS-induced ALI.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

This study examined the efficacy of natural ingredient formulated herbal medicine as feed additives against coccidiosis in broiler chicken. Medicinal herbs used in this study were Artemisia annua, Pulsatilla chinensis, Clematis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis. Two week old chicks were administered with 1% ingredient formulated herbal medicine. Observations of the efficacy were confirmed by examining the lesion score, histopathological appearance of cecum, shedding of fecal oocyst and production index in farm. S. baicalensis of the most effective substance were analyzed by UPLC. The results are as follows; among various types of Chinese medicine, the most efficacious ingredient was found to be pure bicalein. The major index substance is bicalein and $13{\mu}g/ml$ per gram was found. Feeding of chickens with S. baicalensis induced the coccidiostat effect and reduced the fecal shedding of E. tenella oocyst by 14%. Experimental results on a farm, feed conversion ratio and weight gain and production rate in the group with natural ingredient formulated additives than in control group increased. The rate of weight gain (%) in each experimental group showed 108% and 126% increase while the mortality rate was 1.4% lower than the control group. The investigation showed that the most efficacious ingredient was found to be S. baicalensis among herbal medicine products for coccidiostats. However, as it was found in the farm experiment that pure S. baicalensis alone is economically unviable. The additives with cocktailed of efficacious ingredient are suggested to be implemented for effective protection against coccidiosis.