• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.36-42
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• 1998

This article analyzes Chinese railways transportation management system, uses the experiences of other countries' railway transportation management system for reference, as well as discusses the necessity of reform of railway transportation management system based on separating train operation with rail equipment management. Moreover, the article also puts forward an imagination on the reform scheme of railway transportation management system based on separating train operation with rail equipment management.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.72
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• pp.161-183
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• 2016

This study looked at the Korea enterprise in China market practices and strategies in accordance with the Korea China FTA macroscopically. And the systematic localization in the mid-to long-term decisions necessary for successful, it is important to the local economy by contributing to strategic social contribution activities also ensure the reliability of consumers. In addition to factors that may enjoy various benefits from an Korea China FTA strategy it is also needed to maximize the additional benefits of the FTA signed by Korea before. In particular, this strategy requires that the biggest benefits of FTA, that determine the tariff cuts by FTA partners to take advantage of it. In addition, the strategy that should be taken in advance to prevent any unnecessary risks through the recent rapid and thorough understanding of the appropriate response, Chinese, Chinese culture on O2O retail market. It is considered that the Korea China FTA requires multidimensional efforts with seeking a comprehensive and affordable countermeasures in order to act as an important factor for Korea market companies, government, companies and academia at the same time. In particular, the idea to carefully look at the various features with the Chinese consumer market will be a very important point.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.119-142
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• 2022

This paper uses social network theory and the internationalization process model (IPM) to determine how external network linkages influence the location choices of multinational enterprise from emerging economies (EMNEs); specifically, whether past alliance experience influences location choices and its impact on the subsequent entry of MNEs from emerging economies. This paper applies survival analysis using initial and secondary investments from 2,000 Chinese A-share listed companies that entered 90 countries between 1997 and 2018 to analyze both the initial and subsequent entries of Chinese outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) in major host countries. The findings indicate that an MNE's previous experience with a company from a particular country will increase the likelihood of an initial investment in that country. Previous alliance experience may accelerate the foreign investment process of EMNE and stimulate firms making a commitment to a position in a foreign network, regardless of cultural distance and stage of internationalization. Alliance before initial investment may increase the likelihood and speed of entering a host country as wholly owned subsidiaries and that network linkages not only significantly influence the internationalization process of small and medium-sized enterprises, as indicated by the IPM, but also that of large listed firms.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.583-611
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• 2009

This study aims at analysing the export competitiveness of the six largest countries which have the highest market share in world automobile market, namely Japan, USA, China, Germany, South Korea and France for the last seven years between 2000 and 2006 in Chinese automobile market by using revealed comparative advantage index(RCA), comparative advantage index by country (CAC) and exporting similarity index(ESI). On analysis of the RCA index, it showed that the export competitiveness of Korean automobile in the world market was high following Japan and Germany, but it ranked the lowest competitiveness among the six trade competitors in Chinese automobile market. In other side, it is also made sure that the formidable competitors of Korean automobile export in global market are Germany and Japan. Therefore, South Korea needs to raise its ability to adjust to improvement of the international competitiveness in exports through close cooperation between government and automobile export enterprise and consistent monitoring about Chinese automobile industry and market.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the enterprise's score index calculated from atypical data and corrected data. Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, news articles which are non-financial information but qualitative data were collected from 2,432 SMEs that has been extracted "square proportional stratification" out of 18,910 enterprises with fixed data and compared/analyzed each enterprise's score index through text mining analysis methodology. Result: The analysis showed that qualitative data can be quantitatively evaluated by region, industry and period by collecting news from SMEs, and that there are concerns that it could be an element of alternative credit evaluation. Conclusion: News data cannot be collected even if one of the small businesses is self-employed or small businesses has little or no news coverage. Data normalization or standardization should be considered to overcome the difference in scores due to the amount of reference. Furthermore, since keyword sentiment analysis may have different results depending on the researcher's point of view, it is also necessary to consider deep learning sentiment analysis, which is conducted by sentence.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-76
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• 2022

Based on the concept of advertising expenditure, manufacturing firm performance, and enterprise life cycle, this research conducts the listed Chinese manufacturing listed in 2016-2018 as the research sampling and divides these listed companies into three periods: growth, maturity, and decline. Next, this paper conducts empirical research from three aspects: advertising expenditure or investment and manufacturing firm performance, lag effect of advertising expenditure, and outcome effect and lag effect of advertising investment. It is found that in different stages of manufacturing enterprises, different advertising expenditures will have different impacts on the performance of manufacturing enterprises. In the growth stage, the advertising investment of manufacturing enterprises will significantly affect the performance results of the current period, and there will be the long-term lag effect. In contrast, the mature stage of enterprises' advertising investment has a shorter period of lag effect, while in the recession stage, the mature stage of manufacturing enterprises' advertising investment will have a shorter period of lag effect. The empirical results are not significant. This study provides a reference for manufacturing enterprises in different stages in the decision-making of advertising investment.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2017

Diversification strategy is important for the enterprise which intends to expand its competitive advantage. However, it is not always a success because of its different form and level which brings us totally different results also. This study analysis the effect from diversification strategy on firm performance and we divided the diversification strategy into two different level: products diversification level and international diversification level. We select financial data from 88 China listed enterprises during the year from 2008-2013 and use fixed effect model to do the analysis. According to the result, there is a positive effect between diversification strategy and firm value. A company which has the higher products diversification level and international diversification level will more possibly achieve success in diversification strategy. However, there is no significant effect on firm's profit. Considering the time effect of profit, we used after 1 year profit data and find that the enterprise which has a higher level of international diversification will have less profit, but there is also no significant effect between product diversification and firm's profit.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.68
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• pp.197-218
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• 2015

China is a land of guanxi, everything is connected with guanxi. China has a business culture based on guanxi connections underpinned by strong Confucian ethics. However, there are some reasons why it is difficult for western companies to run businesses in China. Firstly, foreign firms lack the understanding and experiences necessary for doing business in China. They don't know the absence of alternatives is one of reasons that guanxi is so powerful in Chinese society. Secondly, there are many misconceptions about guanxi. It is easier for many foreign scholars or businessmen to equate guanxi with corruption due to the ambiguity of guanxi. Thus, if a foreign enterprise possesses guanxi, it can be a source of competitive advantage for doing business due to lack of law systems for anti-corruption activities in China. Furthermore, it is gaining increasing importance not only in Business to Government(B2G) but also in Business to Consumers(B2C) relationships. Therefore,managers should pay great attention to the proper use of guanxi instead of being involved in corrupt behaviours because now the governments hold a strong attitude against corruption. In particular, establishment of working guanxi through red envelops(basically giving money) or illegal gifts can cause a great problem for both parties, which were naturally accepted among most government officials and businessmen until recently.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

China evaluates corporate management activities based on the policies and assessment criteria of corporate social responsibility (CSR) based on the national development plan goals. This assessment should be understood in advance as a key issue for Korean companies into the Chinese market. Therefore, this research was presented to analyze the process, trends and related systems of CSR based on Chinese political specialties. Through this is aimed at utilizing this study as a CSR implementation strategy and CSR training frame for companies considering to China in order to understand the reality of CSR in China and applying it to business strategy.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2018

It is no accident that Marks & Spencer lost the Chinese market. This paper will analyze the reasons why Marks & Spencer failed to expand the Chinese market from five aspects: market environment, strategy, market positioning, marketing strategy and site selection. Discuss the enlightenment that the case brings to the enterprise in terms of culture, strategy, positioning and marketing. As a result, we found that strategies for culture, strategy, positioning, and marketing play an important role in creating corporate management strategies and competitive advantage. The results of this study are likely to be used as a very important guideline on a practical level.