• 식물병연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2003

경상북도 안동, 의성, 군위, 대구의 장마 재배포장에서 모자이크와 괴저반점을 보이는 장마잎을 채집하였다. 이들 이병 잎 조직을 시료로 하여 D N 법 및 ISEM법에 의해 투과전자현미경으로 바이러스 입자를 관찰한 결과, 각각의 시료에서 ChYNMV 항혈청에 반응한 660nm의 사상형 입자가 확인되었다. 장마 잎에서 부분 정제한 바이러스에서 RNA를 추출하여 이것을 주형으로 ChYNMV 특이적 프라이머와 oligo-dT 프라이머를 이용하여 외피단백질 유전자와 3‘-말단 비전사부위를 포함하는 약 1.2kbp의 3’-말단을 증폭하였다. 외피단백질 아미노산서열은 Macluravirus로 알려진 ChYNMV (A B044386)와 97.9%의 상동성을 보여 장마에서 분리한 바이러스를 ChYNMV로 동정하였다. ChYNMV와 다른 Macluavirus의 외피 단백질 아미노산서열을 비교한 결과, M말단 영역에서 가장 많은 변이를 확인하였고 Macluravirus 속에는 잘 보존된 영역이 존재하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.247-247
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• 2017

Byobusan area of Aomori prefecture in Japan was a marshy sand dune and had developed for agricultural land use with a large-scale sprinkler system. Recently, it becomes an agricultural problem at this area that distinctive damage with browning maculation and fissures frequently occurs in Chinese yam tubers. Acetaldehyde is one of the factor candidates of underground part damage in plants. In this study, incidence rate of the tuber damage, and the morphological character and elemental composition of the damage parts in tubers were investigated with applications of excessive irrigation water or acetaldehyde water solution into the yam field. The incidence rate of the distinctive tuber damage increased as the input amount of irrigation water was increased. At the browning maculation parts of the tubers, many fissures and damages of cork layer were observed under scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the periderm of tubers was significantly thicker in damaged parts than in non-damaged parts. Funguses, bacterium and nematodes were not observed in the damaged part under scanning electron microscopy. The weight ratio of each constituent element in an analyzed area relative to the total weight of major essential elements was measured with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The results showed that the weight ratios of boron, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and calcium were higher in damaged parts than in non-damaged parts whereas the weight ratios of oxygen and chlorine were lower in damaged parts than in non-damaged parts. It was also shown by this spectrometry that iron, cadmium, lead and zinc were not directly involved in occurrence of the tuber damage. In this study, there was no remarkable difference of tuber appearance between non-acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde application treatments. From the above results, it is shown that the damage would be a physiological disorder induced by the input of a large quantity of water in the sandy field.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.281-285
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• 2003

For storage periods of tubers in Chinese yam, the levels of $\textrm{GA}_{44}$ and $\textrm{GA}_{20}$ was constant, meanwhile both $\textrm{GA}_{53}$ and $\textrm{GA}_{19}$ level were always higher than that of $\textrm{GA}_{44}$ and $\textrm{GA}_{20}$ㆍ $\textrm{GA}_9$ content as precursor of $\textrm{GA}_4$ was not changed during storage. $\textrm{GA}_{24}$ content was low to below 0.2 ng for 90 days after storage, $\textrm{GA}_{36}$ content as precursor of $\textrm{GA}_4$ like $\textrm{GA}_9$ was about 6-8 fold higher than that of $\textrm{GA}_9$ during storage. GA contents of the two gibberellin biosynthetic pathways were gradually increased when storage periods were progressed. Bioactive GA$_1$ content as the GA members of an early C-13 hydroxylation was always constant, and its content was very low as below 0.1ng per dry weight, meanwhile, bioactive $\textrm{GA}_4$ content as the GA members of non C-13 hydroxylation was drastically increased, also, its content was highest at 90 days after storage, and then decreased at 120 days after storage. Consequently, we suggest that $\textrm{GA}_4$ may be involved in controlling tuber sprouting in Chinese yam.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2003

The metabolism of [$^{14}\textrm{C}$] $\textrm{GA}_{12}$ in the Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb. var. Tsukune) was examined to determine the identification of endogenous gibberellins. [$^{14}\textrm{C}$] $\textrm{GA}_{12}$ was metabolized to $\textrm{GA}_{53}$, $\textrm{GA}_{44}$, $\textrm{GA}_{19}$, $\textrm{GA}_{20}$, $\textrm{GA}_1$, $\textrm{GA}_8$, $\textrm{GA}_{15}$, $\textrm{GA}_{24}$, $\textrm{GA}_9$, $\textrm{GA}_{36}$ and $\textrm{GA}_4$. Radioactivity of GAs in non C-13 hydroxylation route was five-fold higher than that of early C-13 hydroxylation in analyzed GA-metabolites. Radioactivity of $\textrm{GA}_4$ was always four times higher than that of $\textrm{GA}_1$ at every feeding time. $\textrm{GA}_1$ radioactivity has always a lower level to below 200 DPM. The major pathway of endogenous GA metabolism in seedlings of the Chinese yam might be the non C-13 hydroxylation pathway.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2011

The survival rate and thermal, crystal, and physicochemical properties of starches in chinese yam tubers irradiated to proton beam were determined. Survival rate was decreased with increased proton beam irradiation. Amylose content of D. opposita starches from different proton beam ranged from 13.2% to 17.8%. D. opposita starch at 5 Gy showed the highest ${\Delta}H_{gel}$ values (12.0 J/g) while D. opposita starch at 25 Gy showed the lowest values (10.1 J/g). Several parameters such as PKV (peak viscosity), HPV (Hot peak viscosity) and CPV (Cooling peak viscosity) decreased with the increase in irradiation dose. The degrees of crystallinity of the D. opposita starches at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy were 37.2, 38.3, 38.9, 39.2 and 39.9%, respectively. It might be deduced that proton beam irradiation causes changes of starch, especially at high dose irradiation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2004

Gibberellic acid did not affect ethylene production, whereas gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors triggered ethylene production in dormant tubers. Gibberellic acid did not induce sprouting of dormant tubers, however, treatment of gibberellin biosynthesis retardants enhanced sprouting rates. Sprouting rate in ancymidol-treated tubers was highest among gibberellin biosynthesis retardants. Sprouting rate of tubers treated with ancymidol increased to $91.4\%$. Batatasin-III content in $GA_3$ treated tuber was increased in the highest concentration $(30{\mu}g\;I^{-1})$. Tubers treated with mepiquat chloride, Batatasin-I was increased steadily, but contents of Batatasin-III and V showed dramatic decrease at the $ 1,000{\mu}g\;I^{-1})$ concentration. This infers that gibberellin biosynthesis retardants play key roles in promoting breaking dormancy on dormant tubers of Chinese yam.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.748-751
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• 1997

본 연구는 한국산 마의 괴근 형태로 분류되는 장마와 단마를 개화기에 꽃의 방향 성분과 정유수율을 비교조사하여 향료로서의 기능성을 검토하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였던 바 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 마꽃의 방향 성분은 총 26종이 확인되었으며 지방족 알콜류가 다량분포하여 향료 첨가물이나 향수의 기본재료로의 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 단마는 장마보다 1,2-butyleneglycol은 11배, phenylalcohol은 12배, caproic acid는 28배, cis-3-methylsalicylate는 8배, cinnamic alcohol은 25배, $\alpha$-hexyl cinnamic acid는 13배, laulic acid는 6배 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 마꽃 방향 성분의 수율은 0.7%로서 그 이용 가능성이 크며 단마가 0.983%, 장마가 0.417%로 단마가 약 2.4배 수율이 높았다. 4. 마꽃의 방향 성분 조성과 정유성분 수율을 감안할 때 마의 부산물인 마꽃을 향료로서의 이용 가능성이 있다고 판단되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 1998

To give some information on the harvest and storage of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita), the experiment was done to examine the effect of its harvesting date and storage method on tuber weight, tuberrelated characters during the storageor at the end of storage. The yam tubers harvested 4 times at 20 days interval from Oct. 15 were stored with different storage methods(pit, room and cold temperature) and on Mar.15. all the characters were measured. Fresh weight of the tuber harvestedafter Nov. 5 and stored were greater than that done on Oct. 15 while dry tuber weight did not have any difference between the harvesting dates. The fresh weigth done directly from the field on Mar. 15 was higher compared to the other harvesting dates owing to its higher moisture content. The rate of sound tuber stored at room or cold temperature condition was higher than that at the field at which the rate was greater at the harvest after late nov. compared to the earlier harvests. Although the two storages were similar at sound tuber rates and marketable yield, the tuber weight was more reduced when stored at room temperature than when done at cold temperature . Brightness and value 'b' of chromaticaity realted to the tuber coloring and sugar content were higher but moisture content was lowerwhen harvested on Oct. 15 than the other havesting dates. All the characteristics realted to the marketability after storage were nearly same when stored at room and cold temperature. Value 'a' of chromaticity and sugar content were higher when harvest on Mar. 15 than when harvested before Dec. 15 but the 'b' value and mositure content were reverse results.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

During 2012 to 2014, a survey for the presence of viral diseases in yam plants was carried out in a field of the Institute for Bioresources Research in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. A total of 88 leaf samples were collected and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using specific primer sets. Eighty-one samples were positive for Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus (ChYNMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Japanese yam mosaic virus (JYMV), and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV), whereas Yam mosaic virus (YMV) was not detected. Additionally, seven samples were negative for all viruses. Several samples exhibited mixed (double and triple) infections. Three viruses (CMV, JYMV, and YMMV) were detected for the first time in yam plants in Korea. A BLAST search showed that three viruses shared nucleotide identities with CMV-Ca (98%), JYMV-O2 (91%), and YMMV-TG_NH_1 (86%). Thus, our findings confirmed that yam plants cultivated in Korea were infected with multiple viruses with three of these viruses reported for the first time in Korea.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 Aspergillus terreus KCCM 12225 균주를 이용하여 발효한 마와 쌀(칠보미)의 발효 물질 특성을 조사하였다. 발효한 마와 쌀의 항산화활성을 확인하기 위하여 DPPH radical 소거활성, 총 polyphenol, flavonoid 함량 및 환원력을 조사하였다. 또한 동일 균주를 사용하여 마 및 쌀의 발효시에 주요한 약용성분인 monacolin K의 생산량을 조사하였다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 장마, 병마, 둥근마 및 쌀의 경우 발효전에는 51.8%, 66.4%, 42.2% 및 7.5%이었으나, 발효 후에는 64.7%, 74.7%, 52.8% 및 32.3%로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 polyphenol 함량은 발효 전의 경우 196.9, 265.7, 160.1 및 91.6 mg/kg이었으나, 발효 후에는 530.7, 708.3, 427.2 및 265.9 mg/kg으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 flavonoid 함량은 발효 전의 경우 73.3, 107.9, 42.6 및 22.6 mg/kg이었으나, 발효 후에는 242.0, 347.7, 139.1 및 63.3 mg/kg으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 환원력은 발효 전의 경우 0.97, 1.28, 0.64 및 0.17 (700 nm에서의 OD값) 이었으나, 발효 후에는 1.75, 2.38, 1.24 및 0.46으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Monacolin K 생산량은 467.1, 514.8, 339.2 및 272.5 mg/kg으로 각각 나타났다. 결과로서, 병마를 이용한 발효 시 가장 높은 생리활성 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 발효마는 항산화 및 항고지혈증 관련 기능성 식품 및 의약품 소재로 이용될 수 있음을 제시한다.