• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.23-44
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• 2016

This study attempts to scrutinize the effectiveness of the international economic sanction on North Korea by analyzing the determinants of the North Korea-China trade with Chinese Customs House data classified under general, border, processing, bonded warehouse. The result shows that after international economic sanctions, North Korea-China trade was increased across types of trade. In particular, sanction-sensitive items were increased after sanctions and China also weakened the effectiveness of sanctions. To put it concretely, North Korea's food and fuel imports from china increased in processing and border trade. In the case of luxury good, it was increased in general trade. Strategy goods (weaponry) increased only in bonded warehouse trade. For China's import from North Korea, food and fuel were increased in total, border and bonded warehouse trade. Considering the features of each type of trade, these increase are presumed to have been playing a decisive role in weakening the effect of international sanction on North Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.77-100
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• 2023

Purpose - Using the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (MGB), this study identifies the critical factors that influence consumer intention to purchase an electric vehicle (EV). This study also provides differentiated policy implications to the Korean and Chinese governments and EV-related companies for the expansion of the EV market in both countries by comparing consumers' perceptions of EV purchase intentions. Design/methodology - Our extended MGB model adds to the standard model consideration of financial incentives, perceived risks, and environmental concerns. An online survey was conducted of Korean and Chinese consumers. Based on the collected responses, all tested hypotheses were verified using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling). Differences in the path analysis results between Korea and China were compared and verified using Henseler's MGA (multi-group analysis), the parametric test, and the Welch-Satterthwaite test. Findings - The most critical factor that influences the intent to purchase an EV in consumers from both countries is personal desire. PBC and SN were identified as the critical factors that respectively increase personal desire in Korea and China. In addition, in Korea, among the three factors EC, FIP, and PR, environmental concerns were found to have the most significant impact on attitudes and purchase intention. In contrast, in China, economic factors (specifically financial incentives) had greater importance than environmental issues. Originality/value - This study has academic contributions in that it presents a new research model that includes financial incentive policies, environmental concerns, and perceived risk variables based on the MGB to explore consumers' purchase intentions. This study can also make a practical contribution in that it provides some meaningful implications to the governments and EV-related companies of both countries based on the differences in the analysis results of the Korean and Chinese markets.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.92-107
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and agricultural products exports and estimates the effects of trade facilitation in importing countries on Chinese agricultural products exports, which is of great significance for promoting agricultural trade between China,Japan and Korea and the governments of the three countries to formulate targeted trade facilitation policies. Design/methodology - Based on Wilson (2003) theoretical framework, this paper sets up its own trade facilitation level measurement system by involving four primary indicators and fifteen secondary indicators to evaluate the trade facilitation levels of Japan and Korea from 2011 to 2018 respectively. The paper selected the data on China's agricultural exports at the HS4 level from 2011-2018 and used a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of changes in trade facilitation levels in trading partner countries on China's agricultural trade. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the level of trade facilitation in importing countries has a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural exports. The higher the level of trade facilitation in trading partner countries, the more Chinese agricultural exports trade, i.e. for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of trade facilitation, the volume of exports will increase by 2.299%.The sub-sample test shows that China's main agricultural products exported to Japan and Korea, such as aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and other perishable fresh products, are particularly significantly affected by the level of trade facilitation. Originality/value - First, from the innovation of the research perspective, which is different from the analysis of the existing paper on the overall trade facilitation of all traded commodities. This article is based on the close trade relations between China, Japan and Korea, and the particularity of agricultural products, from the perspective of China's agricultural exports to Japan and Korea, discuss the impact of importing countries-Japan and Korea's trade facilitation levels on China's agricultural exports;Secondly, in this paper, the hierarchical data of the HS4 quartile is used to avoid the information loss of the industry, and to analyse the impact of the importing country's trade facilitation level on the export of different types of agricultural products more scientifically.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.355-368
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• 2017

Regarding to Dandong as the gateway city of the Sino-North Korea trade, cultural anthropology characterizes it with a hybridity of four groups with a different combination of ethnic and national identity: Korean Chinese(Chosonjok), South Koreans, North Koreans and Chinese-North Koreans. And, microeconomics views the enterprises in Dandong area have different sizes and types in the Sino-North Korea cross-border trade depending on their owner's ethnic and national identity. However, these researches focuses mainly on the differences between the groups, falling short in showing how the group members utilize their double identities to maintain and prosper their businesses, coping with various and changing situations. This study introduces the concept of 'identity juggling' and applies it to Chosonjok cross-border traders. The results from the in-depth interview and survey indicate they juggles their Korean ethnic identity and Chinese national identity selectively in terms of their bilinguality of the Korean and Chinese, mobility crossing China, South Korea, and North Korea, and prospects on the trade revitalization thanks to potential mitigation of tensions in Korea peninsula.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

In the face of trade opportunity of Chinese reformation and opening and the future largest single market, global or multinational companies and Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Hong Kong's and Taiwan's companies will go all out to catch hold of one quotient. One trading war is about to start for funds, elitists, technique, and management in China now. It might be difficult to get profits in Chinese markets. However, risks can bring challenges, and competition can make progress. It's time to prepare for the challenges in the golden opportunity laid in front of us all.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.151-168
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the determinants that can influence customer satisfaction and loyalty. Compared to some of the determinants that have been investigated by other scholars before, this study also includes a new approach to mobile food-ordering that has only appeared within the Chinese fast-food industry in recent years. It is very important to test if the convenience of mobile ordering services can influence customer satisfaction, as more and more customers are using mobile apps to order food, especially in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era. Research data mostly was collected from customers who visited one of five famous Western fast-food restaurants (KFC, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Subway, and Burger King) in China. The results show that not only price, service quality, food quality, and the physical environment can significantly affect customer satisfaction but also the convenience of mobile ordering services, a new determinant accompanied by the fast development of IoT technology.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.123-142
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• 2017

This study is to investigate Right to Chinese Name for Foreigners under Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China. The basketball star Michael Jordan sued Qiaodan Sports in 2012, saying the company had built its business around his Chinese name read as Qiaodan in Chinese without his permission. The Chinese supreme court ruled that the trademark for Jordan's Chinese name should be returned to China's State Administration for Industry and Commerce to be re-awarded, and it means Qiaodan Sports Co. must stop using the Chinese characters for Qiaodan on its merchandise. However, the court rejected Jordan's claim to the romanized or pinyin form of the name "Qiaodan," saying in its judgment that this version may not be closely linked with him. People who want to claim the right to Chinese name, he/she must prove the specific name has linked with him/her. Furthermore, he/she must prove the Chinese firm's actions had displayed "malicious intent" by registering trademarks for his/her Chinese name. The courts approve infringement by Chinese firm and stop to use his/her name in the country.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.71-92
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• 2006

People have their own cultural backgrounds and experiences in terms of visual perceptional thinking so that they could misunderstand the cultural symbols, trademarks, Brand Identities, and trade characters, especially, animal trademarks. Sometimes Easterners and Westerners seem to not comprehend the different meanings of the cultural symbols. The signs of twelve Chinese zodiac animals are the typical symbol of the Asian mythology. What I wanted to focus on emphasizing the different views and perspective of an animal trademark is according to the Chinese Zodiac between Eastern and Western cultures. Generally, multiple symbolisms are difficult to comprehend, because they are created by individual ideas and incorporate several mythologies and histories. How do Westerners interpret the implied meaning of Eastern animals in general? How are they going to understand the Eastern animal logos or marks accurately? How can we solve the problem to make people understand their different meanings? There were some confusing pictorial images in the area of the design field when a designer creates an animal mark for globalization and localization. Creating of hybrid symbol is the best way to break the communication barriers with people all around the world.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2017

During the seventeenth century, Amsterdam experienced unprecedented growth and affluence, and the city developed into the world's staple market playing an indispensable role in Silk Road trade. This era, which coincides with post-reformation Dutch society, also allowed artists to produce art works depicting objects from everyday life, moving away from the earlier religious subject matter. This paper intends to look into seventeenth century Dutch paintings from their social setting, especially focusing on the influence of the Silk Road in the art making process. The paper also looks into the Chinese side of Silk Road interaction and discusses how Chinese porcelain reflects cultural influence from the Dutch. The paper incorporates Silk Road as a methodology to discuss art works departing from earlier practices in art history. This approach allows us to understand art as a product of multi-disciplinary, multi-cultural experience. The methodology invites more discussion on numerous art forms which emerged along the Silk Road trading route to expand and explore the history of East-West cultural exchange.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.157-176
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• 2020

Mobile payment services are evolving into a variety of integrated platforms that greatly affect the lives of consumers. In addition, the importance of mobile payment services is being used as a means of payment in cross-border e-commerce. Accordingly, although a number of related studies have been conducted, most of the studies are based on the technology acceptance model. This study analyzes consumer acceptance intention of mobile payment services by applying consumption value theory. Four dimensions were derived from the theory of consumption value: functional value, emotional value, social value and situational value. With this, we identified the impact on consumer acceptance of mobile payment services. The analysis was performed using a structural equation model. Researchers collected 300 copies of the questionnaire from Chinese consumers and used it for analysis. Empirical analysis shows that functional value, emotional value, social value and situational value are all increasing consumers' willingness to accept mobile payment services. In addition, only social values were showing differences in their influence on the acceptance of mobile payment services with age. This study contributes to the development of the relevant field in that few studies describe mobile payment services by applying consumption value theory.