• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2016

The rapid expansion of China's trade surplus since the mid-eighties and picking up until the onset of 2008-09 global financial crisis has been a key development in the world economy. While growing trade surplus of China has been viewed with cynicism borne out of an undervalued Yuan and for having being a member of WTO since 2001, many others argue that China's trade surplus reflect changes in China's economic and trade structure and associated shifts in its role within regional and global production chains. We address this issue by analyzing: (i) China's growing and changing trade structure as well as changing structure of trade surplus with the rest of the world, USA, Europe, Japan and rest of Asia, (ii) China's revealed comparative advantage (RCA) with the rest of the world, and (iii) how China's trade policies resulted into a shift in China's trade structure. We find that, not only China has made significant inroads in the world trade since its admission to WTO, but also there has been a noticeable shift in China's trade structure with specialization in high-end technology industries wherein China's exports aided by a well calibrated FDI policy.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper tries to estimate the effects of China's and Japan's free trade agreement (FTA) by panel generalized least squares (GLS). Design/methodology - The GLS model includes the basic gravity theory and Difference in Difference (DD) method to divide FTA conclusion countries and non-FTA conclusion countries with China and Japan. In order to empirically research the difference between Chinese and Japanese FTAs, we use the Difference in Difference in Difference (DDD) method. Findings - This paper finds the distance variable has more influence on Japanese than Chinese trade. The exchange rate indicates that Chinese trade depends on export and Japanese trade has the structure of re-import; shows that the countries that concluded FTAs with China and Japan have more positive trade effects than those that did not; finds the Chinese FTA promotion effects greater than the Japanese FTA because China had pushed ahead with trade policy since joining the WTO in 2001. Originality/value - This study shows that a single country's FTA and trade policies are an important factor concerning not just the promotion of trade but also the issue of trade conflicts.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.119-146
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• 2023

Purpose - As the severity of air pollution caused by the shipping industry is becoming evident, port authorities have started making efforts to reduce air pollutants. Considering the limitations of the currently implemented emission-control area (ECA) and vessel-speed reduction program (VSRP), which are narrow in the designation range and navigation behavior of ships, this study proposes an emission-control route (ECR) that can complement the aforementioned two environmental policies. Design/methodology - This study was conducted on Korea-China trade service routes (ports of call) of regular liners. This study employed vessel-specific data, which is from an automatic identification system (AIS), for 1,728 maritime transportations performed by 387 container vessels during one year (July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022). Performing a scenario analysis, this study analyzed the effectiveness of reduced air-pollutant emissions. Findings - This study found that the implementation of ECRs could increase average voyage time by 12.38%-25.28% but reduced air-pollutant emissions by 29.02%-43.54%. Additionally, the increase in average voyage times reduces the anchorage time of ships outside ports, providing an incentive for ship operators to voluntarily participate in compliance with regulations, thereby contributing to the establishment of a virtuous cycle of air-environmental policies related to ships. Originality/value - This study aims to verify the policy effectiveness by designing an ECR scope for liner trade routes between Korea and China. Therefore, originality and the value of this study includes conceptualizing the ECR system, analyzing its environmental performance, and exploring new policies that can be implemented while complementing existing policies.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

The study attempts to investigate the causes of Sino-U.S. trade friction in recent years and provides countermeasures accordingly. The import and export volume of two countries, the product structure of China's export, the 337th Act lawsuits related to China, the industries involved in trade friction, and the G-L Index of Sino-U.S. Products are analyzed in detail. The causes of Sino-US trade frictions are discussed from the aspect of mercantilism and trade protectionism, interest groups and governments' trade policies, Chinese product structure, intellectual property protection in China, and performance of Chinese enterprises in litigation. Based on these, countermeasures are put forward. China needs to implement industrial upgrading, increasing the added value of products, and improving intellectual property protection. A trade friction warning system also needs to be constructed. The Chinese government needs to carry out strategic dialogue and international negotiation.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.513-536
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• 2012

본 논문은 역사적, 지리적으로 중국과의 교역이 활발한 인천지역 소재 한국 무역업체를 대상으로 기업 일반 현황, 중국과의 무역업무처리 현황, 중국과의 무역클레임 및 무역리스크 관리 현황 등 3가지 범주로 구성된 설문지를 작성, 배포하였다. 그리고 총 84개 유효 설문지를 바탕으로 실태분석하였다. 인천지역 무역업체들은 중국과의 무역거래에서 무역, 금융, 노동 및 투자 등과 관련한 중국정부의 정책 변화, 중국의 물류시스템 등에 대해 많은 우려를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 중국정부 및 중국의 경제구조와 관련한 리스크는 개별 무역업체 차원에서 대처하기가 어렵다는 점에서 정부와의 긴밀한 대응방안 모색이 요구된다. 또한 중국과의 무역거래 각 단계별로 리스크 발생 가능성이 높은 반면 그 관리는 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실태분석을 바탕으로 인천지역 무역업체들의 대중국 무역리스크 관리 수준을 향상시키기 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2021

Despite the dominance of the USD as a vehicle currency in non-US trade, most studies on the exchange rate-trade balance relationship ignore its importance. Some recent J-curve papers have proved that incorporating the role of USD as vehicle currency as a crucial determinant of trade balance can well reflect the reality of global trade and provide more detailed findings. Motivated by this new approach and by the fact that USD is substantially used in the trade between China and the EU and the UK, this paper scrutinizes how the vehicle currency USD and the bilateral exchange rates asymmetrically affect China's trade balance with each EU country and the UK. The results of NARDL estimation indicate that the USD models outperform the bilateral exchange rate (BER) models in terms of detecting significant long-run and short-run coefficients, which confirms the usefulness of the new approach. Also, this paper finds that the USD/CNY exchange rate cannot be neglected in China's trade with the EU and the UK, which can supplement China's policies on international trade and foreign exchange management.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2021

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is designed to intensify bilateral trade between China and the BRI countries through the improvement of transportation connections. However, little research has empirically investigated the impacts of this policies on the trade patterns. This paper attempts to evaluate the impacts of BRI on the trade patterns of Tanzania. Our study extends the original gravity model of bilateral trade by adding GDP per capita, population and proximity as the explanatory variables. According to our research, we observed that the BRI significantly impacted the Tanzania's trade patterns, as it led to the increase of bilateral trade flow between Tanzania and China more importantly between Tanzania and its adjacent countries. It indicates that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has boosted Tanzania's trade exclusively, hence the Tanzania's export sector earns greater trading potential with the adjacent countries.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 중국의 한국과의 무역 재개의 다양한 시사점, 즉 무역 구조 재편, 무역 정책의 변화와 기업의 경쟁력에 미치는 영향, 양국이 무역 분쟁을 해결한 방법 등을 살펴볼 것이다. 우리는 역사적, 경제적 관점에서 중국과 한국 간 무역의 진화를 평가하고, 정책 변화가 기업의 전략을 어떻게 형성했는지 분석하며, 이러한 변화가 글로벌 경제에서 양국의 입지에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 논의할 것이다. 이 연구를 통해 지역 경제 협력과 글로벌 경제거버넌스에 대한 더 깊은 이해와 미래 정책 결정에 대한 통찰력을 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.303-325
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• 2008

China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 revised in 2004 like "Foreign Trade law" 16.2 in 1994 is still stipulated resource restriction to protect domestic resources and it does not satisfy the introduction of article 20 and section (g) of GATT 1994. Through an interpretation of related regulations and China-EU cokes dispute, the paper points out that China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 has no validity of the introduction of article 20 and section (g) of GATT 1994. Comparing China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 to GATT 1994 20(g), China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 does not include important conditions of GATT 1994 20 introduction such as not being arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination and disguised restriction on international trade. For example, based upon China's "Foreign Trade law" , if she restricts or prohibits important natural resources that Korea mainly relies on China, it will effects not only trade between two countries but also our lives and securities. Hence, it is highly time to analyze China's the Validity of the China's Resource Export-Quota Restrictive Measures under the GATT/WTO. In the process of resolving China-EU cokes dispute in 2004, ministry of Commerce of China shows well its characteristics of dispute settlement and also we can find out EU's logical countermeasures. Therefore, because of the high possibility of disputes between Korea and China in the area of natural resources, Korea needs to pay attention to the China's resource protecting policies, and if it violates GATT 1994 20 introduction and (g), we should consider to sue China to WTO. The paper believes that it will play an important role as an aggressive demand and effect on amendment of China's "Foreign Trade law" in the long term.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제54권
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• pp.285-307
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• 2012

This study analyses the transformation of Asian steel trade and the change of corporate strategy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the circumstances of Asian steel industrial policies, and considering the feature of each nation's steel industrial policies, and the effect of the corporate strategy. In China, mighty steel productive capacity had already formed under original planned economy and industrial policy. In 2003, crude steel production have exceeded 220 million ton in China and that is 23.2% of the steel production share in the world. On the other hand, not only the amount but also the quality becomes an important point in the steel industry in the future. I consider, on researching Asian steel industry, it is important to build up partnership in Korea and Japan for achieve strategic alliance in the steel industry policies and understanding the change of corporate strategy.