• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.623-632
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• 2014

The facial asymmetries include maxillary, mandibular, and chin asymmetries, although the most common deformity is primarily in the mandible. Common causes of this type of asymmetry can include asymmetric growth of the condyle or the mandible. In these patients, the location of the Me would be deviated to the shorter side because of the asymmetric growth of the mandible, and, commonly, the maxillary occlusal plane would be tilted toward the deviated side because the maxilla likely grows asymmetrically according to the pattern of asymmetric mandibular growth. Three-dimensional CT images are ideal for evaluating the size and location of anatomic structures, and such reconstructed images allow the use of software that can show anatomic structures from numerous angles, allowing actual measurements of distances and angles without problems of magnification, distortion, or superimposition caused by 2-dimensional imaging. In the present study using 3D-CT imaging, the 8 parameters, including measurements of the upper midline deviation, maxillary canting in the canine and first molar regions, width of the upper arch, width of the mandible at the Go, vertical length of the ramus, inclination of the ramus, and deviation of the Me were easily measured. The dentition should be orthodontically decompensated and dental midline should ensure incisor midlines positioned in the midline of each jaw before surgical correction. Surgical correction could be considered such as canting or yawing correction in the frontal or horizontal aspect, respectively.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2021

Purpose: The relationship between computed tomography (CT) number and electron density (ED) has been investigated in previous studies. However, the role of these measures for guiding cancer treatment remains unclear. Methods: The CT number was plotted against ED for different imaging protocols. The CT number was imported into ED tables for the Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) and was used to determine the effect on dose calculations. Conversion tables for radiation dose calculations were generated and subsequently monitored using a dosimeter to determine the effect of different CT scanning protocols and treatment sites. These tables were used to retrospectively recalculate the radiation therapy plans for 41 patients after an incorrect scanning protocol was inadvertently used. The gamma index was further used to assess the dose distribution, percentage dose difference (DD), and distance-to-agreement (DTA). Results: For densities <1.1 g/cm³, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±0.6% and the greatest variation was noted for brain protocol conditions. For densities >1.1 g/cm³, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±21.2% and the greatest variation occurred for the tube voltage and head and neck (H&N) protocol conditions. These findings suggest that the factors most affecting the CT number are the tube voltage and treatment site (brain and H&N). Gamma index analyses for the 41 retrospective clinical cases, as well as brain metastases and H&N tumors, showed gamma passing rates >90% and <90% for the passing criterion of 2%/2 and 1%/1 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The CT protocol should be carefully decided for TPS. The correct protocol should be used for the corresponding TPS based on the treatment site because this especially affects the dose distribution for brain metastases and H&N tumor recognition. Such steps could help reduce systematic errors.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2010

This case report presents a case that underwent three-piece segmental maxillary osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy on a patient with severe facial asymmetry accompanied by maxillary prognathism, severe left scissor bite, and chin point deviation. The resulting facial appearance and occlusion were improved, thereby three-piece segmental maxillary osteotomy is regarded effective methed in treating severe facial asymmetry.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.2152_2153
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• 2009

In this study, the dynamic characteristic of a contact wire and pantograph suppling electrical power to high-speed trains are investigated from an electrical response point of view. To analysis power line disturbance by induced contact loss phenomenon for high speed operation, a hardware Simulator which considered contact loss between contact wire and the pantograph as well as contact wire deviation is developed. It is confirmed that a contact wire and pantograph model are necessary for studying the dynamic behavior of the pantograph system. One of the most important needs accompanied by increasing the speed of high-speed train is reduced that an arc phenomenon by loss of contact brings out EMI. In case of a high-speed train using electrical power, as comparison with diesel rolling stock, PLD(Power Line Disturbance) such as harmonic, transient voltage and current, EMI, dummy signal injection etc usually occurs. Throughout experiment, it is verified that an arc phenomenon is brought out for simulator operation and consequently conducted noise is flowed in electric circuit by power line disturbance.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2010

Since high-speed train is a dynamic load in which electric power is externally supplied, contact loss between the catenary and pantograph occurs. This phenomena including vibrations generates frequently irregular arcs, which, in turn causes EMI. Thus it is very important to develop the approach to reduce arc phenomenon by contact loss, as speed of electric railway vehicle increases. In case of an electric railway vehicle using electrical power, compared with diesel rolling stock, Power Line Disturbance(PLD) such as harmonics, transient voltage and current, Electromagnetic Interference(EMI), and dummy signal injection etc usually occur. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of a contact wire and a pantograph suppling electrical power to high-speed train are investigated with an electrical response point. To implement power line disturbance induced by contact loss phenomenon for high speed train operation, a hardware simulator which considers contact loss between contact wire and pantograph as well as contact wire deviation is developed. It is confirmed by the experiments that contact loss effect is largely dependent on voltage conditions when the contact loss occurs. Also, a passive filter is designed to reduce power disturbance and the designed system is verified by experiment.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2000

This study was designed to contribute to the right development of children's physical strength and growth by making a comparative analysis of 6 graders' physical strength with the help of the 6 events of physical strength tests according to sex and trying to work out some relationship between obese children and normal ones. With this in mind, the subjects were 400 elementary students, obese and normal, who reside in Seoul. The results were made by means of the average records and standard deviation test of 6-event physical strength tests per sex and group. The conclusions were as follows; 1. The normal children's average score was better than those of their counterparts, showing a significant difference in the 6-event of physical strength tests. 2. There was a little difference per sex. And there was a significant static interrelations in 4 events except a 100 m race and a standing broad jump when the subjects do well in the two afore-mentioned events. All the other groups minus female normal one show a low interrelations in such events as a 100 m race, a chin-up, and hanging down from the horizontal bar. 3. The obese group was inferior to the normal one regardless of sex. In terms of the physical interrelations, there was no difference among the three groups minus the female normal one.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2015

The Korean electric railway is growing rapidly such as speed of 300km/h in high speed section and 230km/h in the conventional railway section. But, power supply failure occurs because of loss of contact, defective catenary system and high speed vehicle. Therefore preventive maintenance way based reliability has been applied. Typical example is the facility inspection method using trolley inspection system. But it is required differentiated inspection method to prevent problem such as inspection errors. In this paper, a study on the trolley sliding condition inspection system using monitoring techniques is performed for performance enhancement of inspection system. It proposed the efficient maintenance method through monitoring the deviation and height of contact wire after installing inspection system on the top of train which operates in the metropolitan area. Inspection errors were decreased by virtually monitoring the video of faulty facilities. Also those facilities were identified through the impact sound analysis and tests at the main catenary section.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05b
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

This paper presents the electrochemical etch-stop characteristics of single-crystal silicon in a tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide(TMAH):isopropyl alcohol(IPA):pyrazine solution. Addition of pyrazine to a TMAH:IPA etchant increases the etch-rate of (100) silicon, thus the elapsed time for etch-stop was shortened. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of n- and p-type silicon in a TMAH:IPA:pyrazine solution were obtained, respectively. Open circuit potential(OCP) and passivation potential(PP) of n- and p-type silicon, respectively, were obtained and applied potential was selected between n- and p-type silicon PP. The electrochemical etch-stop is applied to the fabrication of 801 microdiaphragms having $20{\mu}m$ thickness on a 5-inch silicon wafer. The averge thicknesses of 801 microdiaphragms fabricated on the one wafer were $20.03{\mu}m$ and standard deviation was ${\pm}0.26{\mu}m$. The silicon surface of the etch-stopped microdiaphragm was extremely flat without noticeable taper or other nonuniformities. The benefits of the electrochemical etch-stop in a TMAH:IPA:pyrazine solution become apparent when reproducibility in the microdiaphragm thickness for mass production is considered. These results indicate that the electrochemical etch-stop in a TMAH:IPA:pyrazine solution provides a powerful and versatile alternative process for fabricating high-yield silicon microdiaphragms.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.218-222
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• 1992

Rose tissue containing cytidine deaminase converts cytidine to uridine and ammonia gas. Rose tissue sensor was constructed by immobilizing 50mg of a rose petal tissue on an NH3 gas sensor and the optimum condition of the sensor for the determination of cytidine was investigated. The tissue sensor showed a linear range of$7.0 {\times} 10^{-4}$∼$1.0{\times} 10^{-2}$M cytidine with a slope of 53 mV/decade in 0.2 M phosphate buffer, pH 8.4 at 37$^{\circ}C$. The detection limits were $3.0{\times}10^{-4}$ M and relative standard deviation was 3.4%. This sensor showed an excellent selectivity among various nucleosides and amino acids.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2011

The remote-sensng campaign was performed at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory where is located in a basin 6km inland from Yeongil Bay. The campaign aimed uncertainty assessment of Remtech PA0 SODAR through a mutual comparison with WindCube LIDAR, the remote-sensing equipment for wind resource assessment. The joint observation was carried out by changing the setup for measurement heights three times over two months. The LIDAR measurement was assumed as the reference and the uncertainty of SODAR measurement was quantitatively assessed. Compared with LIDAR, the data availability of SODAR was about half. The wind speed measurement was fitted to a slope of 0.94 and $R^2$ of 0.79 to the LIDAR measurement. However, the relative standard deviation was about 17% under 150m above ground level. Therefore, the Remtech PA0 SODAR is judged to be unsuitable for the evaluation of wind resource assessment and wind turbine performance test, which require accuracy of measurement.