• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.93-111
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• 1996

The purpose of the study is to identify the lived experience of mothers who have children with cerebral palsy in order to understand their agony. Moreover, the result of study was to find some nursing intervention for disabled children and their mothers. For this purpose, ten mothers who are willing to cooperate with this research were selected at random from those who have children with the cerebral palsy, currently using the municipal facilities for the handicapped with cerebral malfunction. Data collection was done from October 4, 1994 th December 31, 1994. The data were collected by asking the mothers mentioned above with some unstructured open-ended questions, recorded on the tapes with permission by the interviewee in order to prevent missing of the interviewed contents. These collected data have been substantiated and properly analyzed on the basis of phenomenological approach initiated by Colaizzi's method. The results and validity are proved to be credible by means of the individual checking of the interviewed mothers. The results of this study are as follows : 1. When the mother is first informed of the diagnosis of cerebral palsy on her child, she usually misses the crucial timing needed for proper treatment of the child's disorder because she is notified through the doctor's indifference and his apparently inactive, matter-of-fact attitude. At first she suspects the doctor's diagnosis and tries to attribute it to the unknown cause from a certain genetic problem and then she quickly wants to deny the whole situation that her child is really suffering from the cerebral palsy. The reality is too much for her to accept as it is and she would not believe her child is abnormal. Therefore, she even attempts depend on the power of God for its solution. 2. The mother, who goes thorough this kind of uncommon experiences, is totally devoted to the treatment and care of the child and completely ignores her own life and happiness. At the same time, she feels sorry for her other normal children she believes having not enough care and concern. Also, she feels sorry for the sick child when the child's brothers or sisters show special concern for the patient out of sympathy. It is sorry and not satisfied for her that the child is growing with abnormality and neighbor other around have inappropriate attitudes. Likewise, she is discontent with her husband's lack of concern about the child's treatment. She believes that the health care system in this society isn't fulfilling its due purpose. In the state of her utmost distress and anxiety, she always feels the need of competent consultants, and is angry about that her child is treated as an abnormal being, she is trying to hide the child from other people and to make him or her disappear, if possible. Although she doesn't have harmonious relation with her husband, she id happy when he shows his affection for the child and she feels relieved and thankful when the relatives don't mention about the child's condition Since the child's overall status of health is continuously in unstable conditions, requiring her all-time readiness for an emergency, she feels guilty of her child's illness toward the fEmily members as if it was her own fault to have borne such an abnormal child and she feels responsible for the child morally and financially if necessary Because her life is centered on taking care of the child, she cannot afford to enjoy her own life and happiness. She is a lonely mother, fatigued, with no proper relationship with other people around her. With this sense of guilt and responsibility as a mother of an unusual disease, she has no choice but to grieve her destiny from which she is not allowed to escape. 3. Nevertheless, the mother with the child suffering from the cerebral palsy does not easily give up the hope of getting her child cured and she believes that in the long run, though slower than hoped, her abnormal son or daughter will be eventually cured to become a normal sibling someday. This kind of hope is sustained by the mother's strong faith coming from observing the progress of other similar children getting better. Sometimes she is encouraged to have this faith by other mothers who share the same painful experiences, believing that her child will improve even more rapidly than others with the same palsy. Full of hope, she painstakingly waits for the child's healing. Moreover, she plans to have another child. she thinks that the patient child's brothers and sisters only can truly understand and look after the patients. However, when she notices that the progress of other children under the treatment does not look so hopeful, she is distressed by the thoughts that her child may never get well. Too, she is worried that the patient's brother or sister will be born as the same invalid with the cerebral disease. She is discouraged to have another baby as much as she is encouraged to. She is also troubled by the thought that in case she has another baby, she will have to be forced. to neglect the patient child, especially when she does have an extra hand or some reliable person to help her with taking care of the patient.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of sensory integration therapy on self-regulation capacities of children with cerebral palsy. Methods : Subjects of this study were four years old girl and six years old boy, living in P city. Both were diagnosed as diplegia. Research design used in this study is ABA' design for a single-subject research. The experimental period was 12 weeks with 22 sessions of treatment. It was divided into three phase: 6 sessions for baseline phase (A), 14 sessions for treatment phase (B), 2 sessions for baseline phase (A'). There was no treatment on the baseline phases, and sensory integration therapy focused vestibular and proprioceptive stimuli was conducted on the treatment phase. At each session, subjects' behaviors has been recorded with a Digital Camera for 10 minutes and then the occurrence frequency of problematic behavior was identified based on the operational definition of it. Results : In comparison with the baseline phase (A), the occurrence frequency was reduced during the treatment phase for three types of problematic behavior associated with the self-regulatory capacities. The tendency of reducement was maintained during baseline phase (A'). Conclusion : Based on the result, it was implied that sensory integration therapy has a positive effect on the self-regulation capacities in children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.303-313
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• 2013

The This is a study on the level of depression and parental efficacy of the mothers who have children with disabilities. Thus, it compared the level of depression of the mothers of children with intellectual disabilities and the mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Both groups displayed mild depressive state; however, there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Although there was not a significant difference between the two groups for parent efficacy, the factors of the number of family members and whether to participate in self-help meetings displayed a significant difference in the relationship of parent efficacy in accordance with the demographic characteristics. Of the mothers of children with intellectual disabilities, those mothers who were participating in the self-help meetings were found to have a higher parent efficacy than the mothers who were not participating in the self-help meetings. However, of the mothers of children with cerebral palsy, those mothers who were not participating in the self-help meetings were found to have a higher parent efficacy. As for the correlation between level of depression and parent efficacy, it was found that the higher the parent efficacy was, the lower the level of depression was. The interest was found to be higher with higher parent efficacy when sub-dividing and comparing frustration and interest that were the sub-domains of parent efficacy.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze non-invasive treatments and drooling assessment methods in children with cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities, who drool. Methods : This study searched two hundred papers published in 2005-2019. Forty-four papers were selected based on their abstract and title, and ten papers were finally selected following a secondary search. Results : The PEDro Scale of the selected papers was high with an average of seven points. As a result of analyzing the overall trends, the study participants were primarily patients with cerebral palsy, and recently, the therapeutic intervention of oral sensory exercise was more actively studied than behavioral modification. Studies of behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise intervention methods were found to have differences in participant age and, cognitive level, number of participants, research design, treatment time, and duration. Studies to confirming the frequency and severity of the drooling measurement method were found to be the main factor. Conclusion : This study analyzed typical behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise interventions as examples of non-invasive therapeutic interventions for children with cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities and provided information to help select appropriate therapeutic intervention methods when planning non-invasive therapy using behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using Kinesiology Tape (KT) for drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Methods : A single-case experimental design with an ABA design was conducted. A total of 46 sessions were conducted, consisting of three baseline sessions (A), 40 intervention sessions (B), and three baseline sessions (A'). The Drooling Impact Scale (DIS) and the Interlabial Gap (IG) were measured before and after the KT intervention, and a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) was assessed to determine whether there was any change in the target activity for each session. The KT intervention was attached to the orbicularis oris muscle. The KT intervention time was set as the time taken for dysphagia intervention and the actual meal time, for up to one hour a day, for a total of eight weeks. Results : The results of the study showed that the KT intervention had an effect on both the DIS and the IG, and that the GAS scale indicated that target activity increased with each session. Conclusion : These results indicate that the KT intervention can easily be applied to children with cerebral palsy who suffer from drooling, whether in clinical practice, by therapists, or caregivers, and that it can be used for various purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of balance training on a three-dimensional balance trainer that provides the up-and-down vertical movement of the knee joint and left-and-right horizontal movement, along with visual feedback on the functional ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CPs). METHODS: 8 CPs participated in this study. The experiment was implemented for 40 minutes, three times a week for a total of six weeks. The subjects received general physiotherapy for 15 minutes in each session focused on balance and walking, as based on the neuro-developmental treatment theory. Balance training was performed for 20 minutes on a three-dimensional balance trainer where knee joint movement providing visual feedback is applied. The evaluations were conducted before and after the test, and posture sway was measured using 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT), Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), and the Good Balance System to evaluate the functional ability and balance of the subjects RESULTS: 10MWT was not statistically significant (p>.05). On the contrary, TUG and postural sway indicate static balance showed a statistically significant decrease (p<.05). In a static balance test using the Good Balance System, the average moving speed statistically significantly decreased in the AP and ML directions (p<.05), and the mean velocity moment also significantly decreased (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that balance training using the three-dimensional balance trainer, with the features of visual feedback and up-and-down knee joint movement effects on increasing dynamic and static balance.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.623-631
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• 1995

The parents of cerebral palsy children are identified as special individual with responsibilities and roles beyond those of other parents. Physical therapist often direct their attention to the cerebrel palsy child without supporting. teaching or appreciating the parent. As parents are the most influential factor in the child's development and because parents generally have a need to be incorporated in their child's treatment and education. education regarding treatment is essential for the parent. Parents tend to seek information about their child's disability and desire accurate. Straight foreward and complete information about their child. Parent groups are advantageous organizations in that they provide mutual support and emotional and social outlets. While learning to accept a disabled child. parents must deal with additional stressful events which occur when community involvement with the cerebral palsy child begins. The parents are immediately thrust into new roles as they come into contact with medical specialists, physical therapist or other parents of disabled children. These events contribute to a psychological stress. sense of loss and lowing of selfesteem.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 1996

Therapeuticre rehabilitation of young children has often included the use of walker as mobility aids. Traditional walkers have four vertical legs, a horizontal bar in front of child, and horizontal bars on either side which also serve as hand grip. Child pushes it. It is called 'anterior walker'. 'Posterior walker' have been introduced which the child pull along behind himself during ambulation. The purpose of this investigation was to compare specific gait characteristics of children with developmental disability, while they ambulated with anterior and posterior walker. Using the posterior walker, specific gait characteristics improve than using anterior walker.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2008

The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a modified Berg's Balance Scale developed as a balance measure for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-examiner reliability of the Korean version of PBS when applied to children with developmental delays. In this study, PBS was administrated to a total of 79 children with developmental delays (17 with global developmental delay, 31 with cerebral palsy, and 31 with mental retardation) in the Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center. Two pediatric trained physical therapists with longer than 13 year of clinical experience scored the children's performance blind, while replaying videotaped data. The inter-examiner reliability was statistically determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The results of this study revealed that the Korean version of PBS seems to have high inter-examiner reliability when applied to children with movement disorders such as global developmental delay (ICC=.96) and cerebral palsy (ICC=.97); however, it has relatively lower inter-examiner reliability (ICC=.78) for children with developmental delay secondary to mental retardation. therefore, the results support that the Korean version of the PBS could be a useful clinical measurement to assess the balance skills for children with developmental delay who have an adequate level of cognition to enable them to fol1ow the verbal instructions to complete the test.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate how undressing skill training based on Neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) approach effected on the midline orientation and protective reaction of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods : Two participants of this study were 3 years 5 months old boy and 4 years 5 months old girl, living in B city. They were medically diagnosed as cerebral palsy. Research design used in this study is AB design for a single subject research. There was no intervention on the baseline A phases, and functional activity based NDT was used undressing skill training during the B phases. Midline orientation was tested by Stepping subtest in MAP. Protective reaction was measured by Protective reaction subtest in QUEST. Results : In comparison with the baseline (A), midline orientation was improved above 2 standard deviations at intervention phase (B). and protective reaction was improved above averages in both hands. Conclusion : The study showed undressing skill training based on NDT approach that were effective for midline orientation of children with CP. Undressing skill training was one of the major functional activities. Thus, large studies are required to ensure the training effects.