• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.154-157
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• 2015

Plastibell is one of the three most common devices used for neonatal circumcision in the United States, with a complication rate as low as 1.8%. The Plastibell circumcision device is commonly used under local anesthesia for religious circumcision in male neonates, because of cosmetic reasons and ease of use. Occasionally, instead of falling off, the device may get buried under the skin along the shaft of the penis, thereby obstructing the normal flow of urine. Furthermore, the foreskin of neonates is highly vascularized, and hence, hemorrhage and infection are possible when the skin is cut. Necrosis of penile skin, followed by urethral obstruction and renal failure, is a serious surgical mishap requiring immediate corrective surgery and medical attention. We report a case of fulminant urosepsis, acute renal failure, and pyelonephritis in a 4-day-old male neonate secondary to impaction of a Plastibell circumcision device. Immediate medical management was initiated with fluid resuscitation and mechanical ventilation; thereby correcting life threatening complications. Pediatricians and Emergency Department physicians should be cognizant of the complications from Plastibell circumcision device in order to institute appropriate and timely management in neonates.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.741-744
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 in children with constipation, particularly the biochemical aspects of safety. Methods: Medical records were evaluated, and 100 children, who had been taking PEG 4000 for more than 6 months, and who had been under clinical and biochemical monitoring, were enrolled. Ages; $6.11{\pm}3.12$ years, Duration of therapy; $16.93{\pm}7.02$ months, dose of PEG 4000; $0.72{\pm}0.21g/kg/d$. Results: None of the children complained of clinical adverse effect. The first biochemical test was performed at 8.05 months after beginning of PEG 4000. Serum phosphate (SP) value was high in 10 children, and leucopenia was noted in one child. The second test was performed in 44 children at 7.57 months after the first test. The SP value was high in four children, including the three children whose initial SP value was high and one new child. Six out of 10 children with high initial SP value became normal and one was lost. Hypernatremia was noted in one child. The third test was done in 15 children at 7.5 months after the second test. The SP value of the new child from the second test was high, but became normal after finishing treatment. Two out of 3 children with high SP value at the second test became normal and one was lost. The fourth test was done in 2 children few months after the third test. All of the results were normal. There were no relation between duration of therapy and hyperphosphatemia, or between dose of PEG 4000 and hyperphosphatemia. Conclusions: PEG 4000 is safe for long-term therapy in children with constipation with respect to biochemical parameters.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.840-855
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• 2003

This study was conducted to compare the eating habits of disabled and non-disabled children in Seoul and Gangneung. Korea. Questionnaires about eating habits were answered by the children's parents and their teachers. The subjects of this study consisted of 146 disabled children (108 boys and 38 girls) from two special education schools and 241 non-disabled children (control group,120 boys and 121 girls) from two elementary schools in Seoul and Gangneung, respectively. The percentage of the children who required more than 30 minutes to eat was 11.3% in the disabled group and 2.5% in the non-disabled group. In the disabled group,44.0% ate excessive amounts of food or could not control their intake. The percentage of the children whose frequency of eating breakfast was less than 1 to 2 times per week was 21.0% in the disabled group and 9.7% in the non-disabled group. Also, 7.6% of the disabled group and 13.9% of the non-disabled group had snacks more than three times per day. The percentage of children who were able to eat by themselves was lower in the disabled group (47.9%) than in the non-disabled group (87.8%). Of the remainder of the disabled group,28.6% spilled food, and 14.3% needed the aid of others when picking up side dishes. The percentage of parents who worried about their children's eating an unbalanced diet was 48.5% in the disabled group and 41.8% in the non-disabled group. In addition, there were problems with eating behaviors in 22.7% in the disabled group, and with under-eating (15.9%) and with excessive intake of instant foods (16.8%) in the non-disabled group. These results suggest that the eating habits and eating behaviors of disabled children are different from those of non-disabled children. Thus, nutritional educational programs and educational materials for disabled children and their parents should be developed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of a hybrid prophylactic strategy to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in pediatric liver transplantation (LT) patients. Methods: CMV DNAemia was regularly monitored by quantitative nucleic acid amplification test (QNAT) and was quantified in all children. CMV infection and disease were defined according to the International Consensus Guidelines. The hybrid strategy against CMV infection consisted of universal 3-week prophylaxis and preemptive treatment of intravenous ganciclovir regardless of the recipient's serostatus. Results: A total of 143 children who underwent living donor LT were managed using the hybrid strategy. The overall incidence of CMV infection by QNAT was 48.3% (n=69/143). The highest CMV DNAemia positivity was observed in 49.2% (n=60/122) of children in the D+/R+ group, followed by 46.7% (n=7/15) in the D+/R- group. CMV disease was noted in 26.1% (n=18/69) patients. Forty-three (62.3%) children had undergone preemptive therapy consisting of intravenous ganciclovir. No symptomatic patients developed tissue-invasive disease, resulting in no CMV-associated mortality. Conclusion: The incidence of CMV infection was high in pediatric LT patients despite the hybrid strategy. However, tissue-invasive disease in pediatric LT did not occur.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.269-273
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• 2019

Purpose: There is limited data on the use of perampanel in children under 12 years of age. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel treatment in children under 12 years of age with refractory epilepsy. Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in Kyungpook National University Hospital from July 2016 to March 2018. A responder was defined as a patient with ${\geq}50%$ reduction in monthly seizure frequency compared with the baseline. Adverse events and discontinuation data were obtained to evaluate tolerability. Results: Twenty-two patients (8 males, 14 females) aged 3.1-11.4 years (mean, $8.0{\pm}2.5years$) were included in this study. After an average of 9.2 months (range, 0.5-19 months) of follow-up, 15 patients (68%) showed a reduction in seizure frequency, including 5 patients (23%) with seizure freedom. The age at epilepsy onset was significantly lower (P=0.048), and the duration of epilepsy was significantly longer (P=0.019) in responders than in nonresponders. Nine patients (41%) experienced adverse events, including somnolence (23%), respiratory depression (9%), violence (4.5%), and seizure aggravation (4.5%). The most serious adverse event was respiratory depression, which required mechanical ventilation in 2 patients (9%). Eight patients (36%) discontinued perampanel due to lack of efficacy or adverse events. Three out of 4 patients (75%) who discontinued perampanel due to adverse events had an underlying medical condition. Conclusion: Perampanel offers a treatment option for refractory epilepsy in children. Adjunctive treatment with perampanel requires special consideration in those with underlying medical conditions to prevent serious adverse events.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.840-845
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• 2015

Improvement in functional gait is one of treatment goals in treatment of cerebral palsy children. This study intended to examine the effects of insoles for postural correction on gait in spastic cerebral palsy patients by investigating changes in gait temporal spatial parameters. As the subjects, 15 spastic bilateral cerebral palsy patients participated in this study. Temporal spatial parameters of gait were measured using GAITRite system under three gait conditions. Bare foot gait, gait in shoes, and gait in insoles for postural correction were conducted. In order to look at differences in temporal spatial parameters according to three gait conditions, repeated one way analysis of variance was conducted. As post hoc test, Bonferroni was conducted. A significant level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. According to the result of this study, gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length of the left lower extremity significantly changed. When the subjects put on customized insoles for postural correction, the effect was greatest. There were no significant changes in stance time, single support time, double support time, swing % of gait, and stance % of cycle. Therefore, gait with insoles for postural correction positively influenced functional gait improvement and will be able to be usefully employed for spastic cerebral palsy children as one of gait assistance devices.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.452-456
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• 2008

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in infants and young children. Initially described in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki, it is now the most common cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed nations. Although KD has been reported across all racial and ethnic groups, the incidence of KD is more common among Asians, which suggests differences of race-specific susceptibility. The prevalence of the disease varies considerably among different Asian countries, and there is a higher rate of KD reported in Asian countries such as Japan and Korea than in other countries. In Korea, a nationwide epidemiological study has been conducted every three years since the 1990s by the Korean Pediatric Heart Association to determine the epidemiologic patterns and incidence rate of KD in Korea. It was thus found in a recent survey (2003-2005) that the average annual incidence of 105.0/100,000 Korean children under the age of five years was the second-highest reported rate in the world, after Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.65-76
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to offer essential information related to early childhood education and care policy. Using the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) Vol.5., this study analyzed sociodemographic factors that decide the use and type of institute for early childhood education and care. The following results are obtained： First, it is not easy for young children under three years old to use education and care institutes because of their preference for home care. Second, the mother's job status affects the child's use of child care centers and private institutes for education except for the using of early child education centers. Third, the affecting main factors for the use of child care centers are quite similar to critical factors for use of the private institute for education. Thus, young children using the private institute for education could be interpreted as coming from a low-income class compared with the children using the early child education centers.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2001

Heights of children ranged from 91.10 to 144.70 and the mean height rate after the administration of Boyangsungjangtang was significantly greater than that, 0.036, of prepuberty children who are in 50 percentile(One sampled T test, p<0.001). A highly significant difference was observed among three groups, divided according to the duration of taking Boyangsungjangtang(ANOVA, p=0.015). Further analysis(Tukey's Multiple Range test) indicated that the mean height rate of the group taking Boyangsungjangtang for under 3 months was significantly higher than that of both group for 3 to 6 months and group for over 6 months. The mean height rate of the latter two groups were not significantly different.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.529-544
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• 1994

For most parents their child's illness and hospitalization is strssful. Internal stress and over anxiousness leads to uncertainty. Parents have a variety of ways of coping when faced with such stress factors, especialy when the child has cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between uncertainty in illness and mastery and coping styles in parents of pediatric cancer patients, and further to identify differences between three groups of subjects. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used in this study to investigate the relationship among the three groups. The sample was composed of 59 parents of children with cancer in pediatric wards in three hospitals in Seoul : 21 in Group 4 with a child newly diagnosed with cancer : 25 in Group B, with a child under treatment and rehospitalized with a relapse : and 13 in Group C, with a child with a terminal cancer, A formalized questionnaire which included demegrapic information and consisted of 75 items was used in this study ; The Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale(PPUS) adapted form Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Pearlin & Schooler's Mastery Scale(MS) and Folkman & Lazarus’s Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) were used to measure the variables : uncertainty in illness, mastery, and coping styles. A pretest was conducted on the questionnaire items for reliability. The results gathered were analyzed using SPSS /PC/sup +/. Data analysis included descriptive correltional statistics such as ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, amd chi square test. The conclusions of this analysis are summarized as follows : 1. A higher level of uncertainty was seen among parents of children with terminal cancer. 2. The first hypothesis that uncertainty in illness would differ among the three groups was supported(F=4.182, P=.020). The second and third hypotheses that mastery and coping styles would differ among the three groups were not supported. There was a correlation between uncertainty, mastery, and coping styles which was positive, also there was a positive correlation between mastery and coping style(r=.3744, P<.001) but a negative correlation between uncertainty md mastery(r=-.4749, P<.01). From the above results, it can be concluded that prediciting and controlling uncertainty in illness by considering coping styles and mastery are necessary for improved, efficient nursing interventions.