• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.854-863
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• 1990

Since the open heart surgery was performed, various kinds of problem concerning the extracorporeal circulation[EGG] have been known. The author investigated the changes of serum potassium ion before and after ECC among the 102 patients including 63 adults and 39 children who underwent open heart surgery from April 19S6 to February 1990 in Chung-Ang University Hospital. The mean values of potassium ion before and after ECC were analyzed according to the influencing factors such as priming solution, aortic cross clamping time, the underlying disease, the type of oxygenator and the amount of cardioplegic solution. The results were as follows: l. In the aspect of congenital and acquired heart disease groups, the mean values of serum potassium ion[Mean\ulcornerS.D.] before and after ECC revealed a significant change only in the acquired heart disease group[congenital; 3.87$\pm$0.48mEq /L vs. 4.05$\pm$0.73mEq /L, P>0.05, acquired: 4.40 $\pm$0.98mEq /L vs. 4.11$\pm$0.52mEq /L, P<0.05]. Between the two groups, the changes of the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC were significant[P<0.05]. But all values were within normal limits. 2. In the aspect of the aortic cross clamping time[ACCT], in the groups of less or more than 120 minutes, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC revealed no significant change[less than 120 min; 3.97+-0.64mEq /L vs. 3.99+0.67mEq /L, P>0.05, more than 120 min; 4.34+0.82mEq /L vs. 4.27+0.62mEq /L, P>0.05], and The changes of mean values of serum potassium ion between the two groups were not significant[P>0.05]. 3. In both membrane and bubble oxygenator groups, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC did not reveal a significant difference respectively [membrane; 4.74 +1.40mEq /L vs. 4.28+0.3lmEq /L, P>0.05, bubble; 4.02 +0.60mEq /L vs. 4.05 L0.68mEq/L, P>0.05], and no differences between the membrane and bubble oxygenator groups[P >0.05]. 4. In the groups of membrane and bubble oxygenator in the cases of ACCT more than 120 minutes, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC did not reveal a significant difference respectively[membrane; 4.36$\pm$0.85mEq /L vs. 4.37$\pm$0.26mEq /L, P>0.05, bubble; 4.30 $\pm$0.80mEq/L vs. 4.23$\pm$0.67mEq/L, P>0.05], and no differences between the two groups[P>0.05]. 5. In spite of increased amount of cold potassium cardioplegic solution, the mean values of serum potassium ion before ECC were similar to those of serum potassium ion after ECC[less than 20ml /kg

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2009

성장기 환자의 교정 치료에서 바람직한 치료 결과를 얻기 위해서는 성장을 정확하게 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 성장 과정은 개인마다 상당한 차이를 보이기 때문에 성장 평가를 위해서는 연대 연령이 아닌 생리적인 연령을 사용해야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 사춘기 동안 발육하는 하악 제3대구치에서 치아성숙도를 측정하고 성장 평가 지표로서의 그 가치를 평가하고자 하는 데 있다. 연세대학교 치과대학병원 교정과에 내원한 성장기 여자 환자 270명을 대상으로 제3대구치의 치아 성숙도(Demirjian index), 경추의 골 성숙도(CVMI), 수완부 골 성숙도(SMI), 초경 연령 등을 평가하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 Demirjian Index와 SMI, CVMI 간의 상관관계에서 SMI와 Demirjian index (r = 0.64), CVMI와 Demirjian index (r = 0.59)는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다 (p < 0.001). 그러나 초경 연령과 Demirjian index간의 상관관계(r = 0.26)는 낮았으며 (p < 0.001), Demirjian index를 통해 평가한 제3대구치의 치아성숙도는 I, II, III급 부정교합 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 제3대구치 치관이 완성되고 치근이 형성되기 시작하는 Demirjian index I단계 이상이면 SMI 10단계, CVMI 5단계 이상에 속하였다. 하악 제3대구치의 발육단계를 이용한 치아성숙도 평가는 경추 및 수완부 골성숙도와 조합하여 사용한다면 사춘기 성장 평가에 있어 하나의 보조적인 수단으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4699-4704
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• 2015

Medical diagnostic X-ray workers are one occupational group that expose to the long-term low-dose external radiation over their working lifetime, and they may under risk of different cancers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the occupational X-ray radiation exposure and cancer risk among these workers in Jiangsu, China. We conducted Nested case-control study to investigate the occupational X-ray radiation exposure and cancer risk. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire, which includes but not limits to demographic data, personal behaviors and family history of cancer. Retrospective dose reconstruction was conducted to estimate the cumulative doses of the x-ray workers. Inferential statistics, t-test and 2 tests were used to compare the differences between each group. We used the logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cancer by adjusting the age, gender. All 34 breast cancer cases and 45 esophageal cancer cases that detected in a cohort conducted among health workers between 1950~2011 were included in this presented study, and 158 cancer-free controls were selected by frequency-matched (1:2). Our study found that the occupational radiation exposure was associated with a significantly increased cancer risk compared with the control, especially in breast cancer and esophageal cancer (adjusted OR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.19-7.04 for breast cancer; OR=4.19, 95% CI: 1.87-9.38 for esophageal cancer, and OR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.92-6.12 for total cancer, respectively). The occupational X-ray radiation exposure was associated with increasing cancer risk, which indicates that proper intervention and prevention strategies may be needed in order to bring down the occupational cancer risk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in Malaysia. A diagnosis is very stressful for women, affecting all aspects of their being and quality of life. As such, there is little information on quality of life of women with breast cancer across the different ethnic groups in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life in Malay and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Kelantan. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study involved 58 Malays and 15 Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer prior to treatment. Quality of life was measured using the Malay version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its breast-specific module (QLQ-BR23). Socio-demographic and clinical data were also collected. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Most of the women were married with at least a secondary education and were in late stages of breast cancer. The Malay women had lower incomes (p=0.046) and more children (p=0.001) when compared to the Chinese women. Generally, both the Malay and Chinese women had good functioning quality-of-life scores [mean score range: 60.3-84.8 (Malays); 65.0-91.1 (Chinese)] and global quality of life [mean score 60.3, SD 22.2 (Malays); mean score 65.0, SD 26.6 (Chinese)]. The Malay women experienced more symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (p=0.002), dyspnoea (p=0.004), constipation (p<0.001) and breast-specific symptoms (p=0.041) when compared to the Chinese. Conclusions: Quality of life was satisfactory in both Malays and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Kelantan. However, Malay women had a lower quality of life due to high general as well as breast-specific symptoms. This study finding underlined the importance of measuring quality of life in the newly diagnosed breast cancer patient, as it will provide a broader picture on how a cancer diagnosis impacts multi-ethnic patients. Once health care professionals understand this, they might then be able to determine how to best support and improve the quality of life of these women during the difficult times of their disease and on-going cancer treatments.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.253-276
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• 2002

Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. Expecially, mother and infant relationship is affected by mother and infant interactions during one year after birth and an omen of mother-infant interaction after birth is mother-fetus interaction. This study was conducted to develop mother-fetus interaction promotion program of talking and tactual stimulation aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas and to evaluate the effect of the nursing intervention program on mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Non-eguivalent control group posttest design was used, and Blumer's symbolic interaction theory and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used a conceptual framework of this study. Fifty primiparas and infant(26 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 24 dyads for control group) were recruited from three general hospital and an OBGY clinic located in Kwang Nung city. Data was collected from January 30th to December 20th in 2001. For the intervention group, programed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction in the 1st trimester. Telephone counselling was provided with interval of two weeks. For two groups, home visiting for data collection of mother- fetus interaction was conducted at 36 to 38 weeks of gestational age. And mother-infant play interactions were assessed at 4 to 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Play situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effect of intervention progrom was determined with t-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. The results were as follows: 1. The significant difference was found in mother-fetus interaction between two groups(t=2.085, P=0.0425). It indicated that intervention progrom was effective in improving mother-fetus interaction. 2. The significant difference was found in mother-infant play interaction between two groups(W=347.5, P=0.0001). In subscale analysis, three subscales showed significant differences between the groups: interactional behavior of mother(t=5.921, P=0.0001), interactional behavior of infant(t=5.736, P= 0.0000), and synchronic interactional behavior of mother and infant(t=7.940, P= 0.0000). In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas promoted mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus's movement should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial for formation of mother - infant relationship, and for promotion the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.256-265
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• 1997

전반적발달장애 환자와 발달성언어장애 환자의 뇌혈류량의 분포를 조사하여 각 질환의 국소적 뇌기능의 특성을 알아보고자 한다. 14명의 전반적발달장애 환자와 13명의 발달성언어장애 환자를 대상으로 뇌 technetium-99m-EDC SPECT를 촬영하여 2명의 핵의학 전문의가 판독하고, 대뇌의 측두엽, 두정엽, 기저핵, 시상, 소뇌를 관심 영역(region of interest)으로 하여 뇌혈류량을 양적으로 측정하여 양군을 비교한다. 뇌 SPECT 소견상 전반적발달장애와 발달성언어장애에서 모두 측두엽, 두정엽, 기저핵, 시상, 소뇌의 혈류량의 감소를 보였고, 혈류량을 양적으로 측정한 결과, 상기부위의 혈류량이 전반적발달장애군과 발달성언어장애군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 전반적발달장애와 발달성언어장애는 뇌기능의 특정 국소부위의 이상이 아니고, 대뇌피질과 피질하부위의 신경발달-신경연결(interneural connection)-상의 이상에 의한 질환이며, 두 질환이 스펙트럼장애일 가능성을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 1993

Tourette씨병과 만성틱장애는 7세 전후한 연령에서 가장 흔히 시작되는 소아 또는 청소년기의 행동장애로서 서로 밀접한 관련성을 가지고 있으며, 또한 유전적인 경향이 아주 강한 질환들로 알려져 있다. 원인으로서도 여러가지 가설이 있으나 뇌의 기능 또는 기질적인 장애로 인하여 발병될 가능성도 클 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 이 질환들의 생물학적인 원인들 중 일부를 살펴보기 위하여 단일광자방출 전산화단층촬영술을 시행하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 31.0%(13/42)에서 대뇌피질의 혈류감소 소견을 보였으며, 전두엽이 가장 흔한 혈류 이상 소견을 보인 부위였다.2) 4.8%(2/42)애서 대뇌기저핵의 혈류에 감소를 나타내었다. 3) 4.8%(2/42)에서 시상부의 혈류감소가 관찰되었다. 4) 16.7%(7/42)에서 소뇌의 혈류감소가 관찰되었다. 5) 주의력결핍과잉운동장애가 동반된 군과 동반되지 않은 군간에 혈류장애의 빈도에 있어서의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 6) Tourette씨병과 만성틱장애에 있어서, 혈류장애가 동반된 빈도에 있어서의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 걸과로 미루어 Tourette씨병과 만성틱장애의 생물학적인 원인중의 하나로 뇌혈류장애와 관계가 있을 가능성이 있으며, 뇌혈류의 정도를 정량화시키거나, 또는 자기공명영상과 같은 방법을 병행하여 연구를 시행함으로써, 본 연구의 타당성을 높여줄 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1993

대뇌피질에서 somatostatin 함유 신경세포의 생후 발달과정을 규명하고자 생후 1, 2, 3, 4주 및 2, 3개월의 흰쥐 대뇌를 대상으로 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하여 신경세포의 형태, 크기 및 분포와 대뇌피질 영역별 세포 수의 변화를 관측하여, 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 형태 및 분포의 변화 생후 1주부터 비교적 염색성이 뚜렷한 다양한 형태의 미성숙 신경세포가 대뇌피질 V, VI층에서 관찰되다가 생후 2주에는 세포질내의 염색성이 균일하게 증가되어 있고 여러개의 돌기를 내는 뭇극성세포가 V, VI층뿐 아니라 제 II층에서도 출현하였다. 생후 3주부터는 신경세포체가 점차 II, III층과 V, VI층에 넓게 분포하였고 미성숙한 신경세포는 II, III층에서 보다 많이 관찰되었으며 생후 4주에는 IV, V, VI층에서의 세포의 감소가 뚜렷하여 주로 II, III, IV층에 분포하는 양상을 보였고 미성숙세포는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 2) 신경세포체의 크기의 변화 세포체의 크기는 생후 2주를 전후하여 일시적으로 증가하여 최대값을 보이다가 이후 점차 감소하여 생후 8주째에 성숙흰쥐에서의 크기가 되었다. 3) 내뇌피질 영역별 신경세포체 수의 변화 전두, 두정 1, 2, 측두 1, 배모양, 섬피질에서는 생후 1주에서 2주째에 걸쳐 큰 차이없이 세포체의 수가 최대로 증가했다가 이후 성숙흰쥐 수준으로 감소하는 양상을 보였으며 측두 3, 후두, 띠, 코주위 피질에서는 생후 2주째에 최대값을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

Objectives : Understanding the emotions, thoughts, feelings and behaviors of others, as well as oneself, is part of the mentalizing function. We developed a new school-based community model for mental health, called the Mentalization Improvement Program for Adolescent-Community Model (MIPAdo-CM), based on the concept of mentalization. Methods : The MIPAdo-CM was composed of 12 sessions and was applied to 403 students in the 2nd grade of a middle school. Every session was conducted after the regular school hours for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, we compared the endpoint changes of Adolescent Mental Problem Questionnaire-Revised (AMPQ-R), Emotional Empathy Test (EET), Peer Aggression Scale (PAS), Peer Bullying Scale (PBS), School Adjustment Scale (SAS), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and Visual Analogue Scale between the subject and the control group. Results : There was no significant difference between two groups in AMPQ-R, EET, PAS, PBS, SAS, and TAI. On the Visual Analoge Scale, however, students in the trial classes reported more increase in understanding and respect for both others and themselves. Conclusion : The efficacy of MIPAdo-CM was subjective improvement of understanding and respect for both others and themselves, erence between two groups in AMPQ-R, Empathy test, To prove objective usefulness of this program, further studies with more structured design will be needed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2014

간호사의 의사소통 스타일이 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스와 대처노력에 미치는 영향에 관하여 알아봄으로써 간호서비스의 개선 및 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스를 감소시키고 대처노력을 향상시키기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 상관성 조사연구로서, 자료 수집은 2013년 9월부터 12월까지 시행하였으며, D시에 소재한 E병원의 소아과 병동에 입원한 아동의 어머니 196명을 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도 백분율 평균과 표준편차 피어슨 상관계수, 회귀분석방법으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과로는 지각된 간호사의 의사소통 스타일이 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스 및 대처노력에 미치는 영향에서는 간호사의 비권위적 스타일이 스트레스에 가장 큰 영향력을 나타내었으며, 이들 변인의 설명력은 30.1%로 나타났다. 결론적으로 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스를 감소시키고 대처노력을 증진시키기 위해서는 간호사들은 권위적인 태도를 지양하고, 친화적인 태도의 의사소통 기술과 정보 제공적 태도의 의사소통 기술을 사용해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 이런 의사소통 기술들은 체계적인 의사소통 증진 프로그램을 통해 지속적으로 유지하고 강화할 필요가 있을 것이라 생각된다.