• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide the planning device of outdoor environment of housing area for children. This study was accomplished the analyzation of opinion and preference of 230 children, elementary school students in Daegu. The contents of survey included the general items of children, the characteristics of outdoor activities, and the opinion & preference about outdoor space of housing area. And the survey of children's preference was used the 5 Likert scale. The conclusion of this study are as follows : First, generally, the design guidelines of housing area were provided to adult user, but the guidelines for children are limited at play space and park. So, the design guidelines of housing area must be provided by the children's opinion, pointment, and dissatisfaction. Second, children have the definite opinion and can point the preference about the outdoor space of housing area. So, children's opinion can not be bypassed in the process for planning of housing area. Third, children prefer the outdoor space that was furnished the facilities for convenience of the children's outdoor activities. So, exiting guideline of the outdoor space of housing area must improve to children.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

This study measured speech intelligibility in relation to the vowel space area and the perception of the listener through acoustic analysis of children who had received cochlear implants. It also provided basic data in the evaluation of speech intelligibility by analyzing the correlation between the vowel space area and speech intelligibility. As a research method, the vowel space area was analyzed by obtaining the value of $F_1$, $F_2$ in children three years after receiving cochlear implants, and compared them to normal children by measuring speech intelligibility through interval scaling. A product-moment correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation. Results showed that the vowel space area of the children who had received cochlear implants was significantly different from that of the normal children, though their speech intelligibility showed similar points to those of the normal children. The results of the correlation analysis on the vowel space area and speech intelligibility showed no significant correlation. Therefore, the period of improving intelligibility after receiving cochlear implants and the objective standards of the vowel space area could be established. In addition, the acoustic rating was required to increase the accuracy of the objective measurement in the evaluation of speech intelligibility.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of children's play behavior by exploring the relationship between variables predicting children's preferred play areas using the data of the Korean Children's Panel, which is a national longitudinal study data. For this purpose, we investigated how children's gender, creativity, and peer play behaviors affect children's preferred play areas on their preferred play areas. The research results revealed in this study are as follows. First, there were differences in creativity, peer play behaviors, and play area preference according to children's gender. Second, as a result of examining the effect of children's creativity and peer play behaviors on play area preference, factors influencing language area, art area, math & manipulative area, and role play area preference were different based on block play area preference group. This study has great implications in that it provides basic data for children's play behavior by exploring variables that affect children's preference for play areas.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 2010

Based on theories and case analysis, the present research concerns the deduction of useful results about the basic stage for setting up a planar plan for children's play therapy facility, which cures children's psychological problems such as social maladaptation by means of play rather than language. The case analysis was sub-categorized into movement in each area, relative position among areas, and the size of each room. Detailed investigations were made concerning: First, Adjacent areas of each area. Second, Movement plan, which was sub-categorized into the movement of therapists and that of the children receiving therapy and guardians; area was sub-categorized into management area, therapy area and service area. Third, the size of each area measured was calculated to be expressed as the percentage of the total size. The result is as follows: (1) As for adjacent areas, in some cases management area and service area were adjacent, with isolated therapy area; whereas in the other cases, service area and information area, which is a part of management area, were placed along the doorway, with therapy area between them and therapist area, which is the other part of management area, behind them. (2) As for movement, the movement of therapists and that of children receiving therapy were same; whereas the movement of guardians was allowed only up to the middle part of the therapy facilities, and there was almost no entry of guardians into the play therapy rooms located in the inner parts. This is because they do not show the details of their therapy for children to guardians. (3) As for size, the area of independent facilities were similar; whereas institutional facilities in general had larger waiting room and unlike independent facilities, were of diverse size.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.78-95
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to define areas and standards of kindergarten teacher's competency through survey research and interview with early childhood education community - kindergarten teachers, vice principals, principals, administrators, parents, and professors in early childhood education. Raw data from 62 interviewees were grouped into 25 codes including 'professional knowledge about young children's developmental characteristics, and labeled for representative themes. Based on the result of interview analysis, two areas of 'knowledge and skill' area (15 standards) and 'attitude and grounding' area (20 standards) were classified, survey researched for appropriateness and relative importance of each standard. 704 members of early childhood education community were collected through stratified sampling. The research findings indicate that 'observation and evaluation ability for young children' and 'affection for young children' showed high appropriateness in 'knowledge and skill area' and 'attitude and grounding area', respectively. In the relative importance analysis, 'understanding of young children's development', 'understanding of curriculum for young children', and 'understanding of young children's behavioral problem and counseling' for knowledge and skill area, and 'respect for young children', 'affection for young children', responsibility', 'positive attitude' for attitude and grounding area showed high relative importance in order.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.40-52
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• 2001

This study was undertaken with 237 fifth grade children to investigate the factors, affecting the seafood prefrerence of elementary school children as one of the approaches to find strategies to promote these children's acceptance of seafoods. Subjects for this study were from one public elementary school under meal service located each in Boryeoung-city Chungcheongna Co (coastal area) and Chelowon gen Gangwon do land locked area) The preferences for than those in Boryeong and differences in may items were significant Among four area gender groups girls in Cheolwon had the lowest preference for most seafood items except cephalocoda for which the preference of body in Cheolwon was the lowest Making soup was the least preferred method to cook fish regardless of gender and area, while grilling was the most or the second most preferred in each gender area group Compared to girls bodys had a higher preference for deep frying The seafood preferences of mothers in both areas were similar to those of their children except for processed seafoods which were even more preferred by the children than mothers. Gender, distance from the sea and the method of preparation/cooking seemed to affect the children's preference more than their mother's preference and frequency of serving in the case of seafood. And the effect of gender distance from the sea and cooking methods differed for each seafood category The several suggestions to improve seafood preference especially in land locked area are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to analyze the environment of poverty children as reported by the children on a questionnaire. The conception of the environment was divided into the physical environment and the sociopsychological environment. The dimensions of the physical environment included household, cultural, and play conditions. The sociopsychological environment included structural (family values, family relationships, and the reinforcement system) and process variables(affect, care, and communication). For the purpose of this survey was administered to 122 children living in a poverty area and 102 children living in a middle-high income area. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, distribution, percentile, mean and one-way ANOVA. Major findings showed that (1) The physical environment as reported by the poverty children was meager compared with that of children in the middle-high income area: the households were more overcrowded, and cultural conditions, play materials, and space was more limited. (2) The Structural conditions of the sociopsychological environment as perceived by poverty children were more material and physical than that of children in the middle-high income area: family values were oriented more toward materialism: family relationships were more negative and distant: and the reinforcement system was based more on material reward and physical punishment. (3) Process variables were perceived by poverty children as more laissez-faire and rigid; the parents neglected their children and communicated unilaterally more than the middle-high income parents. (4) Poverty children's perception of the causes of poverty and wealth were perceived as personal and social factors.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 1996

Recent patterns of Enterobius vermicularis infection in some kindergarten children was per-formed in Taegu and Kyongbuk Area from June 1, 1993 through August 30, 1995. A total of 1,087 children (male 611 and female 476) were examined by Graham's scotch tape method. Of 643 urban children,62(9.6%) were infected by E. vermicularis, and of 444 rural children,45(10.1%)were infected. Of 354 male children in urban area 40(11.3%) were E. vermicularis positive and of 257 male children in rural area,28(10.9%) were E. vermicularis positive. Of 128 children in the age of 7 years old in urban area,7(5.1%) were E. vermicularis positive but of 87 children in the same age group in rural area,21(24.1%) were E. vermicularis positive (P〈0.01). Of 354 male children in urban area,40(11.3%) were E. vermicularis positive and of 289 female children in the same area 22(7.6%) were infected by E. vermicularis. The E. vermicularis infection rates in the children in the age group of 4,5, and 6 were 6.3%, 8.4% and 19.3% respectively, and the rate for 7 year old children was 5.5% (P 〈0.01). In rural area, 28(10.9%) of 257 male children had E. vermicularis and 17(9.1%) of 187 female children had E. vermicularis. The E. ver-micularis infection rates in the age groups of 4, 5, 6 and 7 were 2.3%, 7.0％ 9.8% and 24.1% respectively and the difference in rates were statistically significant (P 〈0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 1985

This study was designed to investigate the nutritional anemic state and hematological findings of children, aged 11 and 12 years, living in Haenam Koon (living at home) and in Mokpo City (living in an orphan asylum) located in Chonnam. The mean red blood cell number of male was higher than female in both groups of living in the rural area and in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01), but the white blood cell count was not significantly different. The levels of average hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the children in both groups were similar, and 19.8% of children living at home in the rural area and 32.1% of children living in the city orphan asylum were anemic. The mean levels of serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio in children of both group were not statistically different, and 18.4% of children living at home in the rural area and 13.2% of children living in the city orphan asylum were insufficient in the serum total protein value. The average serum cholesterol level of children living at home in the rural area was higher than that of children living in the city orphan asylum(p<0.01), and that of female living at home was higher than that of male (p<0.05). The mean levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation of children living at home in the rural area were significantly higher than those of children living in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2004

In this study of strategies used by young children in solving rectangular covering tasks before they have been taught area measurement, 75 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old children were asked to solve 3 rectangular covering tasks with a moveable unit. Three different sized units (4 cm., 2 cm., and 1 cm. cardboard squares) were provided and the children were asked to work out how many would be needed to cover a drawn rectangle. The resulting 5 developmental levels include incomplete covering, incomplete arrangement, complete covering, estimating, and measuring. Children using more advanced strategies were able to find correct number of units. While the tendency among older children was to use more advanced strategies, even 5-year-olds had an intuitive understanding of rectangular area measurement.